Enel Green Power

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Enel Green Power S.p.A.
TypeSocietà per azioni
IndustryEnergy
FoundedDecember 2008
HeadquartersRome, Italy
Key people
  • Michele Crisostomo[1] (chairman)
  • Salvatore Bernabei[2][3]
ProductsWind power, solar energy, geothermal energy, hydroelectricity
Number of employees
8.298 (2020) Edit this on Wikidata
ParentEnel
Websitewww.enelgreenpower.com

Enel Green Power S.p.A. is an Italian multinational renewable energy corporation, headquartered in Rome. The company was formed as a subsidiary of the power generation firm Enel in December 2008.[4] It operates in 28 countries on five continents[5] and generates energy from hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass sources. As of 2021, it manages a capacity of 49 GW[6][7] and has over 1200 plants worldwide.[8] From 4 November 2010 to 31 March 2016, the company was listed on the FTSE MIB index of the Milan Stock Exchange, as well as on the Madrid Stock Exchange[9][10] and the Barcelona, Bilbao, and Valencia regional Stock Exchanges.[11]

History[]

Enel Green Power was founded on 1 December 2008 to concentrate all of Enel's activities in the production of renewable energy. At the time of its establishment, Enel was the largest European company in the field of renewable energy, both in terms of installed capacity and international presence.[12] Following its foundation, the activities of the renewable energy branch were gradually transferred to Enel Green Power; these included activities conducted via Enel Produzione SpA in Italy and assets within the possession of Enel Investment Holding abroad, including Enel Latin America BV, Erelis Enel and Endesa.[12]

In November 2010, following Enel's acquisition of Endesa in June 2009, the company made an initial public offering of 30.8% of Enel Green Power in the Italian Stock Exchange and the Bolsa de Madrid.[13]

Between 2011 and 2012, Enel Green Power expanded with wind power throughout the American continents. The first of a long series of wind-powered installations opened in the state of Bahia in Brazil, which generated approximately 30 MW managed by Cristal;[14] this was followed by installations in the United States in Oklahoma (Rocky Ridge with 150 MW) and Kansas (Caney River with 200 MW).[15][16] In 2012, the 85 MW Palo Viejo hydroelectric power plant was inaugurated in Guatemala.[17]

In 2014, the company was presented with a European Solar Prize by Eurosolar.[18]

After the launching of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations Assembly in 2016, Enel Green Power integrated the SDGs objectives into its industrial strategy, in particular those relating to quality of education (SDG 4), clean and economically accessible energy (SDG 7), dignity of work and economic growth (SDG 8), fight against climate change (SDG 13).[19] The result was a series of projects developed together with the construction of power plants in South Africa, Ethiopia (100 MW Metehara),[20] Australia (Bungala Solar),[21] and South America, in particular in Peru (with the entry into operation of the Wayra I wind farm[22] and the launch of the Rubì solar plant[23]), in Guatemala[24] (where the El Canadà hydroelectric power station is located), in Mexico (where the "cielito lindo" allows Enel Green Power to connect over 1 GW of photovoltaic power to the grid, in addition to the construction of the Amistad (220 MW), Amistad II (100 MW) and Salitrillos (103 MW) wind farms.[25]

Mexico is also an example of the application of the "Build, Sell, Operate" model, which allows Enel to reduce debt and generate value, while maintaining the operational management of the plants.[26]

In 2017, the company partnered with Anheuser-Busch to provide enough renewable energy from Enel's Oklahoma wind farm to meet Budweiser's needs for 15 years.[27]

August 2020, the Board of Ada County Commissioners signed an agreement to sell the Barber Dam and Hydroelectric Project to Barber Pool Hydro LLC, a group of local investors with the goals of preserving the Barber Pool Conservation Area and producing clean and renewable energy for the community.[28]

Operations[]

European Southern Observatory (ESO) and Enel Green Power officials at the entry into service of the La Silla Observatory photovoltaic power station in northern Chile.[29]

Enel Green Power generates electricity from renewable sources. As of March 2020, it operates in five continents with approximately 1,200 operative plants. The production mix includes geothermal energy, hydropower, solar energy, and wind power. With 3,106 MW built from 46 facilities in 2020, Enel Green Power manages around 49 GW of total renewable capacity (+2.5% compared to 2019).[30] The target is to reach 145 GW by 2030.[31]

Enel Green Power has a total 12.6 GW of wind power capacity, representing 27.3% of the total capacity; hydroelectric capacity was 27.9 GW (60.5% of the total); geothermal power 0.9 GW (2.1% of the total); solar power 4.6 GW (9.9% of the total). Between 2020 and 2021, Enel Green Power has launched projects to develop green hydrogen, including an agreement with Eni to develop hydrogen production technology from renewable sources. Green hydrogen is expected to be generated by 2022-2023.[32] In December 2020, Enel Green Power and NextChem have signed a memorandum of understanding to support the production of green hydrogen in the United States. The project, expected to be operational in 2023, will convert solar energy into green hydrogen to be supplied to a bio-refinery.[33][34]

Summary table of Enel electric generation capacity in GW as of 30 April 2021[35][36]
Continent Solar power Wind power Hydropower Geothermal Total
Europe 0,76 4,15 17,19 0,77 22,87
America 3,91 9,81 10,63 0,11 24,26
Africa 0,35 0,56 0,91
Oceania 0.31 0.31
Asia 0,17 0,17
Total Enel Green Power 5,33 14,69 27,82 0,88 48,72

Geothermal[]

Enel Green Power runs 35 geothermal power plants in Tuscany, with a total capacity of about 765,4 MW, that are able meet more than 30% of the regional consumption.[37][38] Amongst those, the plant of Larderello, built in 1904, is one of the largest in the world.[39][40][41] In the United States Enel Green Power operates five power plants, one of which is a solar-geothermal hybrid. Two of them are located in Churchill County, Nevada, and one is near Cove Fort, Utah.[42][43][44] In Chile Enel Green Power is finalizing the "Cerro Pabellón", the first geothermal power plant in South America. It is located at 4,500 meters above sea level.[45][46]

Solar-geothermal hybrid[]

Enel Green Power has designed and built the first solar-geothermal hybrid plant, that combines the two sources of energy thus increasing the electricity production capacity. The first power plant of this kind, the Stillwater site, is located in Fallon, Nevada (USA), and has received $40 million in tax relief under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.[47][48]

In the first half of 2014 work began to integrate a solar thermal power plant to the structure: today Stillwater has a current net capacity of 86,6 MW.[49][50][51]

In the second half of 2014, Enel Green Power has partnered with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), under the supervision of the US Department of Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO), via a cooperative research and development agreement, in order to use the data of the Stillwater plant to further develop the technology.[52][53]

Solar thermal and concentrated solar power[]

The company also operates in the solar thermal and concentrated solar power (CSP), participating in research and development activities along with ENEA. Based on the studies of Nobel laureate Carlo Rubbia, in 2010 Enel Green Power built the Archimede combined cycle power plant in Priolo Gargallo in Sicily, with a total capacity of 5 MW. In the plant, parabolic mirrors focus the sun's heat on a fluid of molten salts that reaches temperatures of over 500 °C/932 °F and is able to retain heat for several hours, turning water into steam that then activates the traditional steam turbines system to produce electricity. The objective is to increase the efficiency of this type of plants so as to make them competitive compared to other sources.[54][55]

Hydropower[]

Enel Green Power operates mainly in Europe and America. It manages a renewable capacity of around 17 GW in Europe and 10 GW in America.[36]

Wind power[]

Enel Green Power's experience with wind power dates back to 1984, when Enel built the first Italian wind farm in Sardinia. In October 2008, in Kansas, US, the Smoky Hills Wind Farm, with a capacity of 250 MW, came into service, while in January 2008 in Snyder, Texas, Enel Green Power completed the installation of 21 wind turbines of 3 MW each.[citation needed]

In 2021, the 269MW Dolores wind farm began operations in Mexico with 83 Nordex turbines.[56]

Wind power is the second technology by installed capacity, representing 30% of the EGP's total capacity.

Wind-solar hybrid and cogeneration[]

In 2014, in Ollagüe, Chile, Enel Green Power began the construction of a mini hybrid solar-wind cogeneration plant for the production of both electricity and hot water, which runs independently from the national electricity system and is able to meet the average need of 150 families with an average capacity of 232 kW.[citation needed]

International presence[]

Europe[]

More than half of Enel Green Power's plants are located in Italy (about 600 plants), for a net total capacity of around 14,03 GW. The production mix includes hydropower (12.42 GW), wind power (0,77 GW), solar power (0,09 GW), and geothermal power (0,77 GW).[57]

Enel Green Power has facilities in the Iberian Peninsula thorough a total capacity of 7.9 GW over 280 plants (hydropower, wind, and solar).[58][59] This presence is the result of the integration of renewable energy activities of Enel and Endesa, as well as the construction and activation of new plants, including the Totana solar park (Fonte 2) and the Sierra Costera (Fonte 3) wind farm, which have been connected to the grid at the end of 2019.[60] Wind technology, with about 110 plants, has a net total capacity of 2,42 GW. The production mix includes hydroelectric energy with about 153 plants for 4,75 GW, solar with 19 plants for 0.61 GW.[59]

In Romania, Enel Green Power has 8 operating wind farms with a total capacity of 498.4 MW and 4 photovoltaic plants with a capacity of 35.7 MW.[61][62]

Enel Green Power is present in Greece with 59 plants and a total capacity of 0,48 GW.[63] It manages the Kafireas wind farm (7 wind parks), which was connected to the grid at the end of 2019.[64]

North America[]

Enel Green Power is present in North America with plants operating and under construction in the United States and Canada, where it uses technologies such as drones, infrared sensors, 3D models and ultrasonic detectors.[65] In North America, Enel Green Power has an overall capacity of 6.72 GW across three technologies (wind, solar and geothermal). In the United States Enel Green Power is present in 15 states with around 60 plants: 33 wind farms (4,47 GW of total capacity), 25 photovoltaic plants (0,73 GW of total) and 5 geothermal plants (0,07 GW of managed capacity). In Canada it has 3 wind farms (0,21 GW of total).[66]

Latin America[]

In Latin America, Enel Green Power operates in Mexico, Panama, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Peru, where it is present with all the main renewable production technologies, including wind, solar, hydroelectric and geothermal. Enel Green Power currently has 19 plants in Mexico, with a total capacity of 2,98 GW and a production mix that includes hydroelectric, wind and solar energy.[67] In Costa Rica, it has 3 hydroelectric plants with a total capacity of 0,08 GW.[68] It is present in Guatemala with 5 hydroelectric plants and a total capacity of 0,16 GW.[69] In Panama, Enel Green Power has 10 plants, divided between hydroelectric and solar power, with a total capacity of 0,36 GW.[70] It also produces green energy in Chile, with 44 plants divided between wind farms, hydroelectric, solar and geothermal. The total capacity is 4,73 GW MW.[71] In Brazil, it has 81 plants and a managed capacity of 3,62 GW, coming from wind, hydroelectric and solar energy.[72] In Argentina, it has 2 hydroelectric plants and a total capacity of 1,33 GW.[73] In Colombia, Enel Green Power has 14 plants, a total capacity of 3,19 GW and a production combination that includes hydroelectric, solar and wind energy.[74] In Peru, Enel Green Power has 10 plants and a total capacity of 1,10 GW, coming from wind, hydroelectric and solar energy.[75]

Africa[]

In 2014 Enel Green Power has started operation of its 10MW solar photovoltaic plant located in South Africa, which generates 0.009 TWh. As of April 2021, it has 13 plants in South Africa, with a total capacity of 0,67 GW and a production combination that includes solar and wind energy.[76]

Enel Green Power has currently 15 plants, both wind and solar, in the African continent, with a total capacity of around 0.91 GW.[77]

Asia[]

In 2015 Enel Green Power acquired a majority stake in Indian renewable energy company BLP Energy – operating a total capacity of 172 MW and producing around 340 GWh per year – for 30 million euros. Enel Green Power has 4 wind farms in Asia, with a total capacity of about 0.17 GW.[78] In 2020, Enel Green Power's subsidiary EGP India signed a contract to supply a 420 MW plant in India with energy for 25 years.[79]

Oceania[]

Enel Green Power is present in Oceania with 2 solar parks, with about 0.3 GW of renewable total capacity.[80][81]

Power Purchase Agreement[]

The core business of Enel Green Power consists of the sale of renewable energy generated by its plants to commercial and industrial customers. In order to do this, Enel Green Power uses power purchase agreements (PPAs), namely long-term energy supply agreements through which it develops projects for companies.[82]

Controversies[]

Turbine failure[]

On 3 February 2015, a turbine at the hydropower plant at Barber Dam, Boise, Idaho, turned off. A regional operations manager for Enel said it was not clear what caused the shut down, and that an alert system also failed. Boise River water normally flows through at 240 cubic feet per second (6.8 m3/s), but that night it dipped to less than 60 cubic feet per second (1.7 m3/s). The low water level stretched 10 to 15 miles (16 to 24 km) downstream, and brought the Boise River to its driest point in decades. Idaho Fish and Game said they did find some dead fish, and although they believed adult fish weren't impacted, younger ones could have been.[83]

Lawsuits[]

On 11 November 2014, the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Oklahoma filed suit against Enel's subsidiary Osage Wind LLC, an 84-turbine industrial wind project in Osage County, Okla.[84] In the suit, the United States alleges that Enel and Osage Wind are illegally converting minerals owned by the Osage Nation, a Native American tribe that has owned all mineral rights in the county since 1871.[85] The suit says that Osage Wind should have obtained a permit from the Bureau of Indian Affairs before mining rock and other material for the pits in which turbine bases are built. The United States asked that all excavating on the 8,500-acre (3,400 ha) site cease and that dozens of turbines that are already being erected be removed.[86] Osage Wind has insisted that it is not mining and needs no permit. The company says that it has already spent nearly $300 million on the project, which is being built on privately-owned fee land, not land held in trust for American Indians.[84] In 2015, the 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals rules that construction of the turbines deprived the tribe of its property rights. In 2019, The U.S. Supreme Court declined to consider an appeal of this decision.[87]

Osage Wind LLC and a second and adjacent Enel wind project, Mustang Run, were also embroiled in cases before the Oklahoma Supreme Court in which the Osage Nation and Osage County, Oklahoma, challenged the constitutional legitimacy of permits for both projects.[88] In 2016, Court found in Osage Wind LLC's favor.[89]

References[]

  1. ^ "Michele Crisostomo, ecco il curriculum del presidente di Enel". Startmag. 21 April 2020.
  2. ^ "Enel annuncia cambiamenti al top management". www.liberoquotidiano.it.
  3. ^ "Enel annuncia cambiamenti al top management - Ildenaro.it". www.ildenaro.it.
  4. ^ "Enel goes green in order to grow". 28 November 2015.
  5. ^ "Who we are". www.enelgreenpower.com.
  6. ^ Finanza, MF Milano (29 January 2021). "Nuovo record di capacità per Enel Green Power - MilanoFinanza.it". MF Milano Finanza.
  7. ^ "Nordex SE: The Nordex Group will deliver seven N133/4800 to Italy". 10 February 2021.
  8. ^ "World's top five solar PV developers profiled".
  9. ^ "Bolsa de Madrid - Data of ENEL GREEN POWER S.P.A." www.bolsamadrid.es.
  10. ^ "Enel raises EUR 2.228bn from green unit IPO".
  11. ^ "Deed of demerger executed for the integration of Enel Green Power into Enel". www.etribuna.com.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b Renda, Francesco; Ricciuti, Francesco (2010). "Tra economia e politica: l'internazionalizzazione di Finmeccanica, Eni ed Enel". Florence: Firenze University Press: 88–90. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  13. ^ "Europe's biggest IPO since crisis gets poor start". France 24. Agence France-Presse. 4 November 2010. Archived from the original on 12 November 2010. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
  14. ^ "Enel Green Power completes construction of 30 MW wind farm in Brazil".
  15. ^ London (undefined), Andrew Lee (3 July 2012). "Enel starts operations at 150MW Rocky Ridge in Oklahoma | Recharge". Recharge | Latest renewable energy news.
  16. ^ "Enel Green Power begins operations on Caney River wind farm in US - NS Energy".
  17. ^ "Palo Viejo Hydroelectric Plant, El Quiché - Power Technology | Energy News and Market Analysis". www.power-technology.com.
  18. ^ "European Solar Prize winners 2014". Eurosolar. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  19. ^ "How the SDGs Can Power Innovation". INSEAD Knowledge. 7 May 2020.
  20. ^ "Enel consortium wins bid to build 100MW solar plant in Ethiopia". 24 October 2017.
  21. ^ "Bungala - Australia's largest solar project - connected for purpose and profit - Shared Value Project".
  22. ^ "Enel Green Power, the subsidiary of Italian energy company Enel, has inaugurated a 132MW Wayra I wind farm in Peru".
  23. ^ "Rubi solar power plant Enel Green Power Peru 180MW".
  24. ^ Nhede, Nicholas (30 April 2020). "Enel Green Power : 5-year deal will power 1.3 million Guatemalans".
  25. ^ "Enel begins construction on 93MW wind farm in Mexico - World Construction Network".
  26. ^ "Enel's Clean Energy Strategy Pays Off With Increase in Earnings". www.greentechmedia.com.
  27. ^ Reed, Stanley (12 May 2019). "Could Beer Brewed With Wind Power Help Save the Planet?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  28. ^ Directors, Hydro Review Content (26 August 2020). "Idaho county sells Barber Dam and Hydroelectric Project to Barber Pool Hydro".
  29. ^ "Green Power Comes to La Silla - Ceremony marks the inauguration of solar farm that will supply clean energy to ESO's observatory". www.eso.org. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
  30. ^ "Enel Green Power built a record 3,106 MW of renewable capacity in 2020". 1 February 2021.
  31. ^ Nhede, Nicholas (1 February 2021). "Enel sets a new record for renewable energy installation".
  32. ^ "Enel, Eni to co-develop green hydrogen projects". Renewablesnow.com.
  33. ^ "Enel Green Power and NextChem sign US green hydrogen MoU | Hydrocarbon Engineering".
  34. ^ "Enel Green Power, NextChem planning green hydrogen project in US". Renewablesnow.com.
  35. ^ "Chi siamo". www.enelgreenpower.com.
  36. ^ Jump up to: a b "Our Renewable Projects and Plants". www.enelgreenpower.com.
  37. ^ "Geotermico". Enel Green Power. Archived from the original on 12 March 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  38. ^ Francesco Razzano; Maurizio Cei. "Geothermal Power Generation in Italy 2010–2014 Update Report" (PDF). Stanford University. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  39. ^ DiPippo, Ronald (8 April 2011). Geothermal Power Plants: Principles, Applications, Case Studies and Environmental Impact. Elsevier. ISBN 9780080554761.
  40. ^ Nick Hodge (16 August 2013). Energy Investing For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118233238.
  41. ^ "Geothermal, Italy places fifth globally. Opportunities and risks for investors". Invest in Tuscany. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  42. ^ "Major Companies". Geothermal Energy Association. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  43. ^ "West & Midwest US". Enel Green Power. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  44. ^ Mauro Battocchi (11 December 2013). "Italy's Enel Invests in Geothermal Renewable in Utah". San Francisco Italy. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  45. ^ "CERRO PABELLÓN". Climate Investment Funds. 22 August 2018.
  46. ^ GeoEnergy, Think (4 October 2017). "Enel Green Power's Cerro Pabellon plant in Chile receives Seal of Excellence | ThinkGeoEnergy - Geothermal Energy News".
  47. ^ "Enel Green Power Stillwater Hybrid Power Plant". Clean Energy Action Project. Archived from the original on 17 March 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  48. ^ Angela Neville (12 January 2012). "TOP PLANT: Stillwater Solar-Geothermal Hybrid Plant, Churchill County, Nevada". Power. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
  49. ^ "ENEL GREEN POWER: WORK UNDERWAY ON TWO INNOVATIVE POWER PLANTS IN CHILE AND USA". Enel. 1 April 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  50. ^ "World's first commercial CSP-geothermal hybrid underway". CSP Today. 16 May 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  51. ^ "Enel beefs up US hybrid". Renews. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  52. ^ "Enel Green Power: ricerca scientifica su impianti ibrido negli USA". ZeroEmission. 27 August 2014. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  53. ^ "ENEL GREEN POWER SIGNS FIRST COOPERATIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT IN THE US FOR STILLWATER HYBRID PLANT". Enel. 4 August 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  54. ^ "ENEL opens "world's first" molten-salt/solar plant". Process Engineering. 14 July 2010. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  55. ^ G. Lorenzini; C. Biserni; G. Flacco (2010). Solar Thermal and Biomass Energy. WIT Press. pp. 115–116. ISBN 9781845641474.
  56. ^ Richard, Craig. "Enel Green Power commissions 269MW Mexican wind farm". www.windpowermonthly.com. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  57. ^ Italy | Enel Green Power
  58. ^ Endesa subsidiary begins construction on 50MW solar PV project in Spain - World Construction Network
  59. ^ Jump up to: a b Spain | Enel Green Power
  60. ^ EGP connects 85 MW Totana solar power plant to the grid | REVE News of the wind sector in Spain and in the world
  61. ^ Enel Green Power, Monsson Alma to develop 1 GW of solar, wind in Romania
  62. ^ Romania | Enel Green Power
  63. ^ Greece | Enel Green Power
  64. ^ Wind energy in Greece: Kafireas wind farm complex has been inaugurated | REVE News of the wind sector in Spain and in the world
  65. ^ Renewables in US: A continuous innovation Path | Enel Green Power
  66. ^ EGP in North America | Enel Green Power
  67. ^ Enel Green Power starts operations at Magdalena II solar plant in Mexico
  68. ^ Costa Rica | Enel Green Power
  69. ^ Guatemala | Enel Green Power
  70. ^ Panama | Enel Green Power
  71. ^ Chile | Enel Green Power
  72. ^ Brazil | Enel Green Power
  73. ^ Argentina | Enel Green Power
  74. ^ Enel Green Power brings Colombia's largest PV plant online
  75. ^ Rubi solar power plant Enel Green Power Peru 180MW
  76. ^ Enel Green Power connects to grid 10-MW PV farm in S Africa
  77. ^ EGP in Africa | Enel Green Power
  78. ^ Enel Green Power acquires majority stake in BLP Energy for about 30 million euros, Energy News, ET EnergyWorld
  79. ^ FinSMEs (7 July 2020). "Enel Green Power Wins First India Tender, a 420 MW Solar Project". FinSMEs. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  80. ^ Enel Green Power starts construction of new 34 MW solar plant in Australia | photon.info
  81. ^ EGP in Oceania | Enel Green Power
  82. ^ Physical PPA | Enel Green Power
  83. ^ http://www.ktvb.com/story/news/local/2015/03/05/barber-dam-environmental-effects/24471447/
  84. ^ Jump up to: a b "CM/ECF LIVE - U.S. District Court:oknd-Docket Report". ecf.oknd.uscourts.gov. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  85. ^ "Federal authorities seek immediate halt to Osage County wind development - Tulsa World: Local". tulsaworld.com. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  86. ^ "Feds call off temporary injunction, now ask for removal of all structures at Enel's Osage Wind project – The Bigheart Times, Osage County's Weekly Newspaper". barnsdalltimes.com. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  87. ^ World, Michael Overall Tulsa. "U.S. Supreme Court leaves Osage County wind developments in doubt". Tulsa World. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  88. ^ "OCIS Case Summary for SD - 113414- Osage Nation et al vs Board of Comm Osage County et al comp w/113415 & 113 ()". oscn.net. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  89. ^ "Osage Nation loses attempt to block county's wind development ordinance". Indianz. Retrieved 14 July 2021.

External links[]

Retrieved from ""