Entanglement monotone

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In quantum information and quantum computation, an entanglement monotone is a function that quantifies the amount of entanglement present in a quantum state. Any entanglement monotone is a nonnegative function whose value does not increase under local operations and classical communication.^[1][2]

Definition[]

Let ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}({\mathcal {H}}_{A}\otimes {\mathcal {H}}_{B})}$be the space of all states, i.e., Hermitian positive semi-definite operators with trace one, over the bipartite Hilbert space ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}_{A}\otimes {\mathcal {H}}_{B}}$. An entanglement measure is a function ${\displaystyle \mu :{\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}({\mathcal {H}}_{A}\otimes {\mathcal {H}}_{B})}\to \mathbb {R} _{\geq 0}}$such that:

1. ${\displaystyle \mu (\rho )=0}$ if ${\displaystyle \rho }$ is separable;
2. Monotonically decreasing under LOCC, viz., for the Kraus operator ${\displaystyle E_{i}\otimes F_{i}}$ corresponding to the LOCC ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}_{LOCC}}$, let ${\displaystyle p_{i}=\mathrm {Tr} [(E_{i}\otimes F_{i})\rho (E_{i}\otimes F_{i})^{\dagger }]}$ and ${\displaystyle \rho _{i}=(E_{i}\otimes F_{i})\rho (E_{i}\otimes F_{i})^{\dagger }/\mathrm {Tr} [(E_{i}\otimes F_{i})\rho (E_{i}\otimes F_{i})^{\dagger }]}$for a given state ${\displaystyle \rho }$, then (i) ${\displaystyle \mu }$ does not increase under the average over all outcomes, ${\displaystyle \mu (\rho )\geq \sum _{i}p_{i}\mu (\rho _{i})}$ and (ii) ${\displaystyle \mu }$ does not increase if the outcomes are all discarded, ${\displaystyle \mu (\rho )\geq \sum _{i}\mu (p_{i}\rho _{i})}$.

Some authors also add the condition that ${\displaystyle \mu (\varrho )=1}$ over the maximally entangled state ${\displaystyle \varrho }$. If the nonnegative function only satisfies condition 2 of the above, then it is called an entanglement monotone.

References[]

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