Equestrian at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Individual jumping

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Individual jumping
at the Games of the XXX Olympiad
Lisen Bratt Fredricson och Matrix OS 2012.jpg
A competitor (Lisen Bratt) making a jump
VenueGreenwich Park
Dates4–8 August
Competitors75 from 26 nations
Winning total0 faults
Medalists
1st place, gold medalist(s) Steve Guerdat
 Switzerland
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Gerco Schroder
 Netherlands
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Cian O'Connor
 Ireland
← 2008
2016 →

The individual jumping in equestrian at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held at Greenwich Park from 4 to 8 August.[1][2] Like all other equestrian events, the jumping competition was mixed gender, with both male and female athletes competing in the same division. There were 75 competitors from 26 nations.[3] The event was won by Steve Guerdat of Switzerland, the nation's first victory in individual jumping since 1924 and second overall (tying the United States for fourth-most). Gerco Schroder of the Netherlands took silver. Cian O'Connor of Ireland, who had been stripped of a gold medal in the event in 2004, earned bronze—Ireland's first medal in the event.

Background[]

This was the 24th appearance of the event, which had first been held at the 1900 Summer Olympics and has been held at every Summer Olympics at which equestrian sports have been featured (that is, excluding 1896, 1904, and 1908). It is the oldest event on the current programme, the only one that was held in 1900.[3]

Nine of the top 14 riders (including ties for 9th place) from the 2008 Games returned: gold medalist Eric Lamaze of Canada, silver medalist (and 2004 fourth-place finisher) Rolf-Göran Bengtsson of Sweden, bronze medalist Beezie Madden of the United States, fourth-place finisher Meredith Michaels-Beerbaum of Germany, fifth-place finisher McLain Ward of the United States, seventh-place finisher Marc Houtzager of the Netherlands, and ninth-place finishers Steve Guerdat of Switzerland, Edwina Alexander of Australia, and Jos Lansink of Belgium. Also returning were Cian O'Connor of Ireland, who had taken gold in 2004 until being stripped of it due to a doping violation, and Rodrigo Pessoa of Brazil, the beneficiary of that disqualification in taking gold in 2004 who had himself had a fifth-place finish in 2008 wiped out by a doping violation. The reigning World Champion was Philippe Le Jeune of Belgium; Lansink (2006) and Pessoa (1998) were also former World Champions. The #1-ranked rider, and European champion, was Bengtsson; he was a favorite along with Pius Schwizer and Steve Guerdat of Switzerland and Nick Skelton of Great Britain.[3]

Syria made its debut in the event. France and the United States both competed for the 21st time, tied for most of any nation.

Qualification[]

Each National Olympic Committee (NOC) could qualify up to 4 horse and rider pairs; there were a total of 75 quota places. Each of the 15 nations qualified for the team jumping could enter 4 pairs in the individual event. The qualified teams were:

  • Host Great Britain
  • 5 teams from the World Equestrian Games: Germany, France, Belgium, Brazil, and Canada
  • 3 teams from the European Jumping Championship: the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland
  • 3 teams from the Pan American Games: the United States, Mexico, and Chile
  • 1 team from the World Games from regional groups C or G: Australia
  • 1 team from the qualification event for groups C or G: Ukraine
  • 1 team from the World Games and the qualification event from group F: Saudi Arabia

There were also 15 individual qualification places, with NOCs not earning team spots able to earn up to 2 individual spots. All of these places were assigned by regional groups:

  • Groups A and B had three spots, assigned through rankings
  • Group C had two spots, assigned through rankings
  • Group D had one spot and Group E had 4 spots, assigned through the Pan American Games
  • Group F had three spots, two assigned through the World Games and one through a qualification event
  • Group G had two spots, one assigned through the World Games and one through a qualification event

Competition format[]

Five rounds of jumping were conducted, in two stages. The first three rounds made up the qualifications, with cuts between each round. The top 60 advanced to the second round; the top 45 advanced to the third round. The second and third rounds were also used for the team jumping event. Following the qualifications, the top 35 pairs moved on to the final round. Only the top 20 pairs advanced to the second of the two final rounds. Final rankings were based on the sum of scores from both rounds of the final stage. A jump-off would be held to break a tie for any of the medal positions.[4][3]

Schedule[]

All times are British Summer Time (UTC+1)

Date Time Round
Saturday, 4 August 2012 10:30 Qualification round 1
Sunday, 5 August 2012 11:00 Qualification round 2
Monday, 6 August 2012 14:00 Qualification round 3
Wednesday, 8 August 2012 12:00
16:00
Final round A
Final round B

Results[]

Qualifying round[]

Round 1[]

The first qualifying round was run on a relatively easy course with a length of 510 m and an allowed time of 1:22.

Rank Rider Nation Horse Penalties Notes
Jump Time Total
1 Jur Vrieling  Netherlands Bubalu 0 0 0 Q
Alvaro Alfonso de Miranda Neto  Brazil Rahmannshof's Bogen 0 0 0 Q
Nick Skelton  Great Britain Big Star 0 0 0 Q
Simon Delestre  France Napoli du Ry 0 0 0 Q
Cassio Rivetti  Ukraine Temple Road 0 0 0 Q
Jens Fredricson  Sweden Lunatic 0 0 0 Q
Daniel Bluman  Colombia Sancha La Silla 0 0 0 Q
Steve Guerdat  Switzerland Nino des Buissonets 0 0 0 Q
McLain Ward  United States Antares 0 0 0 Q
Philippe Le Jeune  Belgium Vigo d’Arsouilles 0 0 0 Q
Maikel Van Der Vleuten  Netherlands Verdi 0 0 0 Q
Abdullah bin Mutaib Al Saud  Saudi Arabia Davos 0 0 0 Q
Ben Maher  Great Britain Tripple X 0 0 0 Q
Janne Friederike Meyer  Germany Lambrasco 0 0 0 Q
Alberto Michan Halbinger  Mexico Rosalia La Silla 0 0 0 Q
Paul Estermann  Switzerland Castlefield Eclipse 0 0 0 Q
Julia Hargreaves  Australia Vedor 0 0 0 Q
Marc Houtzager  Netherlands Tamino 0 0 0 Q
José Roberto Fernández Filho  Brazil Maestro St Lois 0 0 0 Q
Eric Lamaze  Canada Derly Chin de Muze 0 0 0 Q
Kevin Staut  France Silvana 0 0 0 Q
Henrik von Eckermann  Sweden Allerdings 0 0 0 Q
Meredith Michaels-Beerbaum  Germany Bella Donna 0 0 0 Q
Werner Muff  Switzerland Kiamon 0 0 0 Q
Edwina Tops-Alexander  Australia Itot du Chateau 0 0 0 Q
Rich Fellers  United States Flexible 0 0 0 Q
Dirk Demeersman  Belgium Bufero van Het Panishof 0 0 0 Q
Gerco Schroder  Netherlands London 0 0 0 Q
Taizo Sugitani  Japan Avenzio 0 0 0 Q
Rolf-Göran Bengtsson  Sweden Casall 0 0 0 Q
Cian O'Connor  Ireland Blue Loyd 12 0 0 0 Q
Jos Lansink  Belgium Valentina Van 't Heike 0 0 0 Q
33 Kamal Bahamdan  Saudi Arabia Delphi 0 1 1 Q
Marcus Ehning  Germany Plot Blue 0 1 1 Q
Jillian Terceira  Bermuda Bernadien van Westuur 0 1 1 Q
Pénélope Leprevost  France Mylord Carthago 0 1 1 Q
Rodrigo Díaz  Colombia Royal Vinckenburg 0 1 1 Q
Reed Kessler  United States Cylana 0 1 1 Q
Ahmad Saber Hamcho  Syria Wonderboy 0 1 1 Q
Rodrigo Pessoa  Brazil Rebozo 0 1 1 Q
41 Ramzy Al Duhami  Saudi Arabia Bayard van de Villa There 0 2 2 Q
42 Nicolas Pizarro  Mexico Crossing Jordan 4 0 4 Q
Grégory Wathelet  Belgium Cadjanne Z 4 0 4 Q
Billy Twomey  Ireland Tinka’s Serenade 4 0 4 Q
Scott Brash  Great Britain Hello Sanctos 4 0 4 Q
Bjorn Nagel  Ukraine Niack de l’Abbaye 4 0 4 Q
Ian Millar  Canada Star Power 4 0 4 Q
Jose Maria Larocca  Argentina Royal Power 4 0 4 Q
Olivier Guillon  France Lord de Theize 4 0 4 Q
Katharina Offel  Ukraine Vivant 4 0 4 Q
Carlos Milthaler  Chile Hyo Altanero 4 0 4 Q
James Paterson-Robinson  Australia Lanosso 4 0 4 Q
53 Jill Henselwood  Canada George 4 1 5 Q
Jamal Rahimov  Azerbaijan Warrior 4 1 5 Q
Karim El Zoghby  Egypt Wervel Wind 4 1 5 Q
Rodrigo Carrasco  Chile Or de la Charboniere 4 1 5 Q
Federico Fernandez  Mexico Victoria 4 1 5 Q
58 Tomás Couve  Chile Underwraps 4 2 6 Q
Abdullah Waleed Sharbatly  Saudi Arabia Sultan 4 2 6 Q
60 Samuel Parot  Chile Al Calypso 8 0 8 Q
Tiffany Foster  Canada Victor 8 0 8 Q
Luciana Diniz  Portugal Lennox 8 0 8 Q
Pius Schwizer  Switzerland Carlina IV 8 0 8 Q
64 Alejandro Madorno  Argentina Milano de Flore 8 1 9
65 Peter Charles  Great Britain Vindicat 8 2 10
Vladimir Tuganov  Russia Lancero 8 2 10
67 Ibrahim Hani Bisharat  Jordan Vrieda O 12 0 12
Jaime Azcarraga  Mexico Gangster 12 0 12
69 Christian Ahlmann  Germany Codex One 12 3 15
70 Oleksandr Onyshchenko  Ukraine Comte d'Arsouilles 16 2 18
71 Reiko Takeda  Japan Ari 20 2 22
72 Lisen Fredricson  Sweden Matrix Elim. 42 Fall
Elizabeth Madden  United States Via Volo Elim. 42 Two refusals
Carlos Ribas  Brazil Wilexo Elim. 42 Two refusals
Matt Williams  Australia Watch Me Elim. 42 Two refusals

Round 2[]

The course for the second round was 550 m long with an allowed time of 1:28.

Rank Rider Nation Horse Penalties Notes
Jump Time Round 1 Total
1 Nick Skelton  Great Britain Big Star 0 0 0 0 Q
Abdullah bin Mutaib Al Saud  Saudi Arabia Davos 0 0 0 0 Q
Ben Maher  Great Britain Tripple X 0 0 0 0 Q
Edwina Tops-Alexander  Australia Itot du Chateau 0 0 0 0 Q
Alberto Michan Halbinger  Mexico Rosalia la Silla 0 0 0 0 Q
Alvaro Alfonso de Miranda Neto  Brazil Rahmannshof's Bogen 0 0 0 0 Q
Maikel Van Der Vleuten  Netherlands Verdi 0 0 0 0 Q
Paul Estermann  Switzerland Castlefield Eclipse 0 0 0 0 Q
Marc Houtzager  Netherlands Tamino 0 0 0 0 Q
Henrik von Eckermann  Sweden Allerdings 0 0 0 0 Q
Richard Fellers  United States Flexible 0 0 0 0 Q
Rolf-Göran Bengtsson  Sweden Casall 0 0 0 0 Q
13 Daniel Bluman  Colombia Sancha 0 1 0 1 Q
Eric Lamaze  Canada Derly Chin de Muze 0 1 0 1 Q
15 Kamal Bahamdan  Saudi Arabia Delphi 0 1 1 2 Q
Ramzy Al Duhami  Saudi Arabia Bayard van de Villa There 0 0 2 2 Q
17 Taizo Sugitani  Japan Avenzio 4 0 0 4 Q
Ian Millar  Canada Star Power 0 0 4 4 Q
McLain Ward  United States Antares 4 0 0 4 Q
Steve Guerdat  Switzerland Nino des Buissonets 4 0 0 4 Q
Janne Friederike Meyer  Germany Lambrasco 4 0 0 4 Q
Jose Roberto Reynoso Fernandez Filho  Brazil Maestro St Lois 4 0 0 4 Q
Kevin Staut  France Silvana 4 0 0 4 Q
Werner Muff  Switzerland Kiamon 4 0 0 4 Q
Gerco Schroder  Netherlands London 4 0 0 4 Q
Jos Lansink  Belgium Valentina Van 't Heike 4 0 0 4 Q
27 Cassio Rivetti  Ukraine Temple Road 4 1 0 5 Q
Marcus Ehning  Germany Plot Blue 4 0 1 5 Q
Rodrigo Pessoa  Brazil Rebozo 4 0 1 5 Q
30 Simon Delestre  France Napoli du Ry 4 2 0 6 Q
31 Luciana Diniz  Portugal Lennox 0 0 8 8 Q
Jose Maria Larocca  Argentina Royal Power 4 0 4 8 Q
Cian O'Connor  Ireland Blue Loyd 12 8 0 0 8 Q
Nicolas Pizarro  Mexico Crossing Jordan 4 0 4 8 Q
James Paterson-Robinson  Australia Lanosso 4 0 4 8 Q
Julia Hargreaves  Australia Vedor 8 0 0 8 Q
Bjorn Nagel  Ukraine Niack de l'Abbaye 4 0 4 8 Q
Scott Brash  Great Britain Hello Sanctos 4 0 4 8 Q
Jur Vrieling  Netherlands Bubalu 8 0 0 8 Q
Jens Fredricson  Sweden Lunatic 8 0 0 8 Q
Philippe Le Jeune  Belgium Vigo d'Arsouilles 8 0 0 8 Q
Grégory Wathelet  Belgium Cadjanne Z 4 0 4 8 Q
Meredith Michaels-Beerbaum  Germany Bella Donna 8 0 0 8 Q
Dirk Demeersman  Belgium Bufero van Het Panishof 8 0 0 8 Q
Olivier Guillon  France Lord de Theize 4 0 4 8 Q
Pius Schwizer  Switzerland Carlina IV 0 0 8 8 Q
47 Jillian Terceira  Bermuda Bernadien van Westuur 8 0 1 9
Jill Henselwood  Canada George 4 0 5 9
Pénélope Leprevost  France Mylord Carthago 8 0 1 9
Reed Kessler  United States Cylana 8 0 1 9
51 Karim El Zoghby  Egypt Wervel Wind 4 1 5 10
Abdullah Waleed Sharbatly  Saudi Arabia Sultan 4 0 6 10
53 Rodrigo Diaz  Colombia Royal Vinckenburg 8 2 1 11
Tomas Couve Correa  Chile Underwraps 4 1 6 11
Federico Fernandez  Mexico Victoria 4 2 5 11
56 Billy Twomey  Ireland Tinka's Serenade 8 0 4 12
Carlos Milthaler  Chile Hyo Altanero 8 0 4 12
58 Katharina Offel  Ukraine Vivant 12 0 4 16
59 Samuel Parot  Chile Al Calypso 8 1 8 17
60 Jamal Rahimov  Azerbaijan Warrior 12 1 5 18
61 Rodrigo Carrasco  Chile Or de la Charboniere 16 1 5 22
62 Ahmad Saber Hamcho  Syria Wonderboy 28 1 1 30
Tiffany Foster  Canada Victor DNS 8 DNF Injured horse

Round 3[]

The course for the third round was 550 meters long (with 13 fences) with an allowed time of 1:28.[5][6]

Bengtsson withdrew from the final when his horse, Casall, turned up lame the morning of the final. Two riders (Muff and Vrieling) were ineligible as the fourth-best riders from their nations. The qualifying rank thus went from 35 to 38. A three-way tie for 38th resulted in all three advancing, for a total of 37 finalists.[3]

Rank Rider Nation Horse Penalties Notes
Jump Time Round 1+2 Total
1 Nick Skelton  Great Britain Big Star 0 0 0 0 Q
Maikel Van Der Vleuten  Netherlands Verdi 0 0 0 0 Q
Marc Houtzager  Netherlands Tamino 0 0 0 0 Q
4 Edwina Tops-Alexander  Australia Itot du Chateau 4 0 0 4 Q
Abdullah bin Mutaib Al Saud  Saudi Arabia Davos 4 0 0 4 Q
Ben Maher  Great Britain Tripple X 4 0 0 4 Q
7 Marcus Ehning  Germany Plot Blue 0 0 5 5 Q
Daniel Bluman  Colombia Sancha 4 0 1 5 Q
9 Ramzy Al Duhami  Saudi Arabia Bayard van de Villa There 4 0 2 6 Q
10 Kamal Bahamdan  Saudi Arabia Delphi 5 1 2 7 Q
11 Kevin Staut  France Silvana 4 0 4 8 Q
Jos Lansink  Belgium Valentina Van 't Heike 4 0 4 8 Q
Alvaro Alfonso de Miranda Neto  Brazil Rahmannshof's Bogen 8 0 0 8 Q
Steve Guerdat  Switzerland Nino des Buissonets 4 0 4 8 Q
Paul Estermann  Switzerland Castlefield Eclipse 8 0 0 8 Q
Scott Brash  Great Britain Hello Sanctos 0 0 8 8 Q
Richard Fellers  United States Flexible 8 0 0 8 Q
Ian Millar  Canada Star Power 4 0 4 8 Q
Gerco Schroder  Netherlands London 4 0 4 8 Q
Rolf-Göran Bengtsson  Sweden Casall 8 0 0 8 Q, withdrew
Pius Schwizer  Switzerland Carlina IV 0 0 8 8 Q
22 Meredith Michaels-Beerbaum  Germany Bella Donna 0 1 8 9 Q
Alberto Michan Halbinger  Mexico Rosalia la Silla 8 1 0 9 Q
Eric Lamaze  Canada Derly Chin de Muze 8 0 1 9 Q
25 Rodrigo Pessoa  Brazil Rebozo 4 1 5 10 Q
26 Luciana Diniz  Portugal Lennox 4 0 8 12 Q
Grégory Wathelet  Belgium Cadjanne Z 4 0 8 12 Q
Taizo Sugitani  Japan Avenzio 8 0 4 12 Q
McLain Ward  United States Antares 8 0 4 12 Q
Jens Fredricson  Sweden Lunatic 4 0 8 12 Q
31 Julia Hargreaves  Australia Vedor 4 1 8 13 Q
32 Simon Delestre  France Napoli du Ry 8 0 6 14 Q
33 Olivier Guillon  France Lord de Theize 8 0 8 16 Q
Henrik von Eckermann  Sweden Allerdings 16 0 0 16 Q
Werner Muff  Switzerland Kiamon 12 0 4 16 3/NOC
Jur Vrieling  Netherlands Bubalu 8 0 8 16 3/NOC
37 Cassio Rivetti  Ukraine Temple Road 12 0 5 17 Q
38 Jose Maria Larocca  Argentina Royal Power 12 0 8 20 Q
Cian O'Connor  Ireland Blue Loyd 12 12 0 8 20 Q
Dirk Demeersman  Belgium Bufero van Het Panishof 12 0 8 20 Q
41 James Paterson-Robinson  Australia Lanosso 12 1 8 21
Bjorn Nagel  Ukraine Niack de l'Abbaye 12 1 8 21
Janne Friederike Meyer  Germany Lambrasco 16 1 4 21
44 Nicolas Pizarro  Mexico Crossing Jordan 20 0 8 28
45 Jose Roberto Reynoso Fernandez Filho  Brazil Maestro St Lois 46 0 4 50
Philippe Le Jeune  Belgium Vigo d'Arsouilles DNS 8 DNF Injured horse

Final round[]

Round A[]

O'Connor, who had only reached the final due to Bengtsson's withdrawal, took advantage of the fresh scoring, as one of six riders to clear round A cleanly.

Rank Rider Nation Horse Penalties Notes
Jump Time Total
1 Cian O'Connor  Ireland Blue Loyd 12 0 0 0 Q
Olivier Guillon  France Lord de Theize 0 0 0 Q
Steve Guerdat  Switzerland Nino des Buissonnets 0 0 0 Q
Scott Brash  Great Britain Hello Sanctos 0 0 0 Q
Marcus Ehning  Germany Plot Blue 0 0 0 Q
Nick Skelton  Great Britain Big Star 0 0 0 Q
7 Luciana Diniz  Portugal Lennox 0 1 1 Q
Gerco Schroder  Netherlands London 0 1 1 Q
Pius Schwizer  Switzerland Carlina IV 0 1 1 Q
Kamal Bahamdan  Saudi Arabia Nobless des Tess 0 1 1 Q
11 Simon Delestre  France Napoli du Ry 4 0 4 Q
Rodrigo Pessoa  Brazil Rebozo 4 0 4 Q
Alberto Michan  Mexico Rosalia la Silla 4 0 4 Q
Alvaro Affonso de Miranda Neto  Brazil Rahmannshof's Bogeno 4 0 4 Q
Ian Millar  Canada Star Power 4 0 4 Q
Daniel Bluman  Colombia Sancha 4 0 4 Q
Edwina Tops-Alexander  Australia Itot du Chateau 4 0 4 Q
Ben Maher  Great Britain Tripple X 4 0 4 Q
Marc Houtzager  Netherlands Tamino 4 0 4 Q
20 Cassio Rivetti  Ukraine Temple Road 4 1 5 Q
Paul Estermann  Switzerland Castlefield Eclipse 4 1 5 Q
Richard Fellers  United States Flexible 4 1 5 Q
23 Henrik von Eckermann  Sweden Allerdings 8 0 8
Meredith Michaels-Beerbaum  Germany Bella Donna 8 0 8
Jos Lansink  Belgium Valentina Van 't Heike 8 0 8
26 Dirk Demeersman  Belgium Bufero van Het Penishof 8 1 9
Jens Fredricson  Sweden Lunatic 8 1 9
Abdullah bin Mutaib Al Saud  Saudi Arabia Davos 8 1 9
29 Grégory Wathelet  Belgium Cadjanine Z 12 0 12
McLain Ward  United States Antares 12 0 12
Eric Lamaze  Canada Derly Chin de Muze 12 0 12
Ramzy Al Duhami  Saudi Arabia Bayard van de Villa There 12 0 12
33 Taizo Sugitani  Japan Avenzio 12 2 14
34 Kevin Staut  France Silvana 16 0 16
35 Julia Hargreaves  Australia Vedor 16 1 17
36 Jose Maria Larocca  Argentina Royal Power 20 0 20
Maikel van der Vleuten  Netherlands Verdi DNF

Round B[]

Rank Rider Nation Horse Penalties Notes
Jump Time Round A Total
1st place, gold medalist(s) Steve Guerdat  Switzerland Nino des Buissonnets 0 0 0 0
2 Gerco Schroder  Netherlands London 0 0 1 1 Q
Cian O'Connor  Ireland Blue Loyd 12 0 1 0 1 Q
4 Kamal Bahamdan  Saudi Arabia Noblesse des Tess 0 1 1 2
5 Alberto Michan  Mexico Rosalia la Silla 0 0 4 4
Scott Brash  Great Britain Hello Sanctos 4 0 0 4
Nick Skelton  Great Britain Big Star 4 0 0 4
8 Richard Fellers  United States Flexible 0 0 5 5
9 Ian Millar  Canada Star Power 4 0 4 8
Ben Maher  Great Britain Tripple X 4 0 4 8
Marc Houtzager  Netherlands Tamino 4 0 4 8
12 Cassio Rivetti  Ukraine Temple Road 4 0 5 9
Alvaro Affonso de Miranda Neto  Brazil Rahmannshof's Bogeno 4 1 4 9
Pius Schwizer  Switzerland Carlina IV 8 0 1 9
Olivier Guillon  France Lord de Theize 8 1 0 9
Marcus Ehning  Germany Plot Blue 8 1 0 9
17 Paul Estermann  Switzerland Castlefield Eclipse 4 1 5 10
Luciana Diniz  Portugal Lennox 8 1 1 10
19 Simon Delestre  France Napoli du Ry 8 0 4 12
20 Daniel Bluman  Colombia Sancha 8 1 4 13
Edwina Tops-Alexander  Australia Itot du Chateau 8 1 4 13
22 Rodrigo Pessoa  Brazil Rebozo 12 1 4 17

Silver medal jump-off[]

Rank Rider Nation Horse Penalties Time (s)
2nd place, silver medalist(s) Gerco Schroder  Netherlands London 0 49.79
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Cian O'Connor  Ireland Blue Loyd 12 4 46.64

References[]

  1. ^ Equestrian at the 2012 Summer Olympics
  2. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Equestrianism at the 2012 London Equestrian Games: Mixed Jumping, Individual". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 4 December 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Jumping, Individual, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
  4. ^ Jumping competition format, London 2012, retrieved 3 August 2012.
  5. ^ Third round results, London 2012.
  6. ^ Jumping team final report, FEI.
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