Ethanol (data page)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on ethanol.

Material Safety Data Sheet[]

External MSDS

Structure and properties[]

Structure and properties

Index of refraction, n₂₅

1.361

Dielectric constant, ε_r

24.3 ε₀ at 20 °C

Bond strength

?

Bond length

?

Bond angle

?

Magnetic susceptibility^[1]

5.8·10⁻⁷ (cgs units, volume)

Surface tension

22.39 dyn/cm at 25 °C

Thermal conductivity^[2]

0.1660 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ (saturated liquid at 300 K)

Viscosity^[3]

6.285 mPa·s	at −50 °C
4.656 mPa·s	at −40 °C
3.530 mPa·s	at −30 °C
2.731 mPa·s	at −20 °C
2.419 mPa·s	at −15 °C
2.151 mPa·s	at −10 °C
1.920 mPa·s	at −5 °C
1.720 mPa·s	at 0 °C
1.546 mPa·s	at 5 °C
1.394 mPa·s	at 10 °C
1.261 mPa·s	at 15 °C
1.144 mPa·s	at 20 °C
1.040 mPa·s	at 25 °C
0.948 mPa·s	at 30 °C
0.794 mPa·s	at 40 °C
0.670 mPa·s	at 50 °C
0.570 mPa·s	at 60 °C
0.487 mPa·s	at 70 °C
0.452 mPa·s	at 75 °C

Thermodynamic properties[]

Phase behavior
Triple point	150 K (−123 °C), 0.00043 Pa
Critical point	514 K (241 °C), 63 bar
Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ_fusH^o	+4.9 kJ/mol
Std entropy change of fusion, Δ_fusS^o	+31 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change of vaporization, Δ_vapH^o	+42.3 ± 0.4 kJ/mol^[4]
Std entropy change of vaporization, Δ_vapS^o	109.67 J/(mol·K)
Molal freezing point constant	−1.99 °C kg/mol
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ_fH^o_solid	−277.7 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^o_solid	160.7 J/(mol K)^[5]
Heat capacity, c_p	111.46 J/(mol K)^[5]
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ_fH^o_liquid	−277.38 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^o_liquid	159.9 J/(mol K)
Enthalpy of combustion, Δ_cH^o	−1370.7 kJ/mol
Heat capacity, c_p	112.4 J/(mol K)
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ_fH^o_gas	−235.3 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^o_gas	283 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity,^[6]^[7] c_p	78.28 J/(mol K) at 90 °C 87.53 J/(mol K) at 110-220 °C
Heat capacity ratio,^[6]^[7] γ = c_p/c_v	1.13 at 90 °C
van der Waals' constants^[8]	a = 1217.9 L² kPa/mol² b = 0.08407 L/mol

Spectral data[]

UV-Vis

λ_max

? nm

Extinction coefficient, ε

?

IR

Major absorption bands^[9]

Wave number	transmittance
(liquid film)
880 cm⁻¹	22%
1048 cm⁻¹	6%
1089 cm⁻¹	19%
1275 cm⁻¹	52%
1329 cm⁻¹	44%
1384 cm⁻¹	32%
1418 cm⁻¹	33%
1650 cm⁻¹	26%
1926 cm⁻¹	62%
2899 cm⁻¹	12%
2930 cm⁻¹	13%
2977 cm⁻¹	4%

NMR

Proton NMR

Carbon-13 NMR

http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/IMG.cgi?fname=CDS00245&imgdir=cdsW;

Other NMR data

MS

Masses of
main fragments

Vapor pressure of liquid[]

P in mm Hg	1	10	40	100	400	760	1520	3800	7600	15200	30400	45600
P in Pa	133.3	1333	5333	13332	53329	101325	202650	506625	1013250	2026500	4053000	6079501
T in °C	−31.3	−2.3	19.0	34.9	63.5	78.4	97.5	126.0	151.8	183.0	218.0	242.0
T in K	241.85	270.85	292.15	308.05	336.65	351.55	370.65	399.15	424.95	456.15	491.15	515.15

Ethanol vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses formula

P_{\text{mm Hg}}=10^{8.04494-{\frac {1554.3}{222.65+T}}}

^[10]

Log₁₀ of ethanol vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses formula

\log _{10}P_{\text{mm Hg}}=8.04494-{\tfrac {1554.3}{222.65+T}}

Density of ethanol at various temperatures[]

Data obtained from Lange 1967

T °C	ρ, g/cm³	T °C	ρ, g/cm³	T °C	ρ, g/cm³
3	0.80374	16	0.79283	29	0.78182
4	0.80290	17	0.7900000000198	30	0.78097
5	0.80207	18	0.79114	31	0.78012
6	0.80123	19	0.79029	32	0.77927
7	0.80039	20	0.78945	33	0.77841
8	0.79956	21	0.78860	34	0.77756
9	0.79872	22	0.78775	35	0.77671
10	0.79788	23	0.78691	36	0.77585
11	0.79704	24	0.78606	37	0.77500
12	0.79620	25	0.78522	38	0.77414
		39	0.77329	40	0.77244

These data correlate as ρ [g/cm³] = −8.461834×10⁻⁴ T [°C] + 0.8063372 with an R² = 0.99999.

Properties of aqueous ethanol solutions[]

Data obtained from Lange 1967

Mass fraction, %	Volume concentration, %	Mass concentration, g/(100 ml) at 15.56 °C	Density relative to 4 °C water				Density at 20 °C relative to 20 °C water	Density at 25 °C relative to 25 °C water	Freezing temperature, °C
Mass fraction, %	Volume concentration, %	Mass concentration, g/(100 ml) at 15.56 °C	10 °C	20 °C	25 °C	30 °C	Density at 20 °C relative to 20 °C water	Density at 25 °C relative to 25 °C water	Freezing temperature, °C
0.0	0.0	0.0	0.99973	0.99823	0.99708	0.99568	1.00000	1.00000	0
1.0			0.99785	0.99636	0.99520	0.99379	0.99813	0.99811
2.0			0.99602	0.99453	0.99336	0.99194	0.99629	0.99627
2.5	3.13			0.99363					−1
3.0			0.99426	0.99275	0.99157	0.99014	0.99451	0.99447
4.0	5.00	3.97	0.99258	0.99103	0.98984	0.98839	0.99279	0.99274
4.8	6.00	4.76		0.98971					−2
5.0			0.99098	0.98938	0.98817	0.98670	0.99113	0.99106
5.05	6.30	5.00		0.98930
6.0			0.98946	0.98780	0.98656	0.98507	0.98955	0.98945
6.8	8.47			0.98658					−3
7.0			0.98801	0.98627	0.98500	0.98347	0.98802	0.98788
8.0			0.98660	0.98478	0.98346	0.98189	0.98653	0.98634
9.0			0.98524	0.98331	0.98193	0.98031	0.98505	0.98481
10.0	12.40	9.84	0.98393	0.98187	0.98043	0.97875	0.98361	0.98330
11.0			0.98267	0.98047	0.97897	0.97723	0.98221	0.98184
11.3	14.0	11.11		0.98006					−5
12.0	15.0		0.98145	0.97910	0.97753	0.97573	0.98084	0.98039
13.0			0.98026	0.97775	0.97611	0.97424	0.97948	0.97897
13.78	17.00	13.49							−6.1
14.0			0.97911	0.97643	0.97472	0.97278	0.97816	0.97757
15.0			0.97800	0.97514	0.97334	0.97133	0.97687	0.97619
15.02	18.50	14.68		0.97511
16.0			0.97692	0.97387	0.97199	0.96990	0.97560	0.97484
16.4	20.2			0.97336					−7.5
17.0			0.97583	0.97259	0.97062	0.96844	0.97431	0.97346
17.5	21.5			0.97194					−8.7
18.0	22.10	17.54	0.97473	0.97129	0.96923	0.96697	0.97301	0.97207
18.8	23.1			0.97024					−9.4
19.0			0.97363	0.96997	0.96782	0.96547	0.97169	0.97065
20.0			0.97252	0.96864	0.96639	0.96395	0.97036	0.96922
20.01	24.50	19.44		0.96863
20.3	24.8			0.96823					−10.6
21.0			0.97139	0.96729	0.96495	0.96242	0.96901	0.96778
22.0			0.97024	0.96592	0.96348	0.96087	0.96763	0.96630
22.11	27.00	21.43		0.96578					−12.2
23.0			0.96907	0.96453	0.96199	0.95929	0.96624	0.96481
24.0			0.96787	0.96312	0.96048	0.95769	0.96483	0.96329
24.2	29.5			0.96283					−14.0
25.0	30.40	24.12	0.96665	0.96168	0.95895	0.95607	0.96339	0.96176
26.0			0.96539	0.96020	0.95738	0.95422	0.96190	0.96018
26.7	32.4			0.95914					−16.0
27.0			0.96406	0.95867	0.95576	0.95272	0.96037	0.95856
28.0	33.90	26.90	0.96268	0.95710	0.95410	0.95098	0.95880	0.95689
29.0			0.96125	0.95548	0.95241	0.94922	0.95717	0.95520
29.9	36.1			0.95400					−18.9
30.0	36.20	28.73	0.95977	0.95382	0.95067	0.94741	0.95551	0.95345
31.0			0.95823	0.95212	0.94890	0.94557	0.95381	0.95168
32.0			0.95665	0.95038	0.94709	0.94370	0.95207	0.94986
33.0			0.95502	0.94860	0.94525	0.94180	0.95028	0.94802
33.8	40.5			0.94715					−23.6
34.0			0.95334	0.94679	0.94337	0.93986	0.94847	0.94613
35.0			0.95162	0.94494	0.94146	0.93790	0.94662	0.94422
35.04	41.90	33.25		0.94486
36.0			0.94986	0.94306	0.93952	0.93591	0.94473	0.94227
37.0			0.94805	0.94114	0.93756	0.93390	0.94281	0.94031
38.0			0.94620	0.93919	0.93556	0.93186	0.94086	0.93830
39.0	46.3		0.94431	0.93720	0.93353	0.92979	0.93886	0.93626	−28.7
40.0			0.94238	0.93518	0.93148	0.92770	0.93684	0.93421
40.04	47.40	37.61		0.93510
41.0			0.94042	0.93314	0.92940	0.92558	0.93479	0.93212
42.0			0.93842	0.93107	0.92729	0.92344	0.93272	0.93001
43.0			0.93639	0.92897	0.92516	0.92128	0.93062	0.92787
44.0			0.93433	0.92685	0.92301	0.91910	0.92849	0.92571
45.0			0.93226	0.92472	0.92085	0.91692	0.92636	0.92355
45.31	53.00	42.07		0.92406
46.0			0.93017	0.92257	0.91868	0.91472	0.92421	0.92137
46.3	53.8			0.92193					−33.9
47.0			0.92806	0.92041	0.91649	0.91250	0.92204	0.91917
48.0			0.92593	0.91823	0.91429	0.91028	0.91986	0.91697
49.0			0.92379	0.91604	0.91208	0.90805	0.91766	0.91475
50.0			0.92162	0.91384	0.90985	0.90580	0.91546	0.91251
50.16	58.0	46.04		0.91349
51.0			0.91943	0.91160	0.90760	0.90353	0.91322	0.91026
52.0			0.91723	0.90936	0.90524	0.90125	0.91097	0.90799
53.0			0.91502	0.90711	0.90307	0.89896	0.90872	0.90571
54.0			0.91279	0.90485	0.90079	0.89667	0.90645	0.90343
55.0			0.91055	0.90258	0.89850	0.89437	0.90418	0.90113
55.16	63.0	50.00		0.90220
56.0			0.90831	0.90031	0.89621	0.89206	0.90191	0.89833
56.1	63.6			0.90008					−41.0
57.0			0.90607	0.89803	0.89392	0.88975	0.89962	0.89654
58.0			0.90381	0.89574	0.89162	0.88744	0.89733	0.89423
59.0			0.90154	0.89344	0.88931	0.88512	0.89502	0.89191
60.0			0.89927	0.89113	0.88699	0.88278	0.89271	0.88959
60.33	68.0	53.98		0.89038
61.0			0.89698	0.88882	0.88466	0.88044	0.89040	0.88725
62.0			0.89468	0.88650	0.88233	0.87809	0.88807	0.88491
63.0			0.89237	0.88417	0.87998	0.87574	0.88574	0.88256
64.0			0.89006	0.88183	0.87763	0.87337	0.88339	0.88020
65.0			0.88774	0.87948	0.87527	0.87100	0.88104	0.87783
66.0			0.88541	0.87713	0.87291	0.86863	0.87869	0.87547
67.0			0.88308	0.87477	0.87054	0.86625	0.87632	0.87309
68.0			0.88071	0.87241	0.86817	0.86387	0.87396	0.87071
69.0			0.87839	0.87004	0.86579	0.86148	0.87158	0.86833
70.0			0.87602	0.86766	0.86340	0.85908	0.86920	0.86593
71.0			0.87365	0.86527	0.86100	0.85667	0.86680	0.86352
71.9	78.3			0.86311					−51.3
72.0			0.87127	0.86287	0.85859	0.85426	0.86440	0.86110
73.0			0.86888	0.86047	0.85618	0.85184	0.86200	0.85869
74.0			0.86648	0.85806	0.85376	0.84941	0.85958	0.85626
75.0			0.86408	0.85564	0.85135	0.84698	0.85716	0.85383
76.0			0.86168	0.85322	0.84891	0.84455	0.85473	0.85140
77.0			0.85927	0.85079	0.84647	0.84211	0.85230	0.84895
78.0			0.85685	0.84835	0.84403	0.83966	0.84985	0.84650
79.0			0.85422	0.84590	0.84158	0.83720	0.84740	0.84404
80.0			0.85197	0.84344	0.83911	0.83473	0.84494	0.84157
81.0			0.84950	0.84096	0.83664	0.83224	0.84245	0.83909
82.0			0.84702	0.83848	0.83415	0.82974	0.83997	0.83659
83.0			0.84453	0.83599	0.83164	0.82724	0.83747	0.83408
84.0			0.84203	0.83348	0.82913	0.82473	0.83496	0.83156
85.0			0.83951	0.83095	0.82660	0.82220	0.83242	0.82902
86.0			0.83697	0.82840	0.82405	0.81965	0.82987	0.82646
87.0			0.83441	0.82583	0.82148	0.81708	0.82729	0.82389
88.0			0.83181	0.82323	0.81888	0.81448	0.82469	0.82128
89.0			0.82919	0.82062	0.81626	0.81186	0.82207	0.81865
90.0			0.82654	0.81797	0.81362	0.80922	0.81942	0.81600
91.00	94.00	74.62	0.82386	0.81529	0.81094	0.80655	0.81674	0.81331
92.0			0.82114	0.81257	0.80823	0.80384	0.81401	0.81060
93.0			0.81839	0.80983	0.80549	0.80111	0.81127	0.80785
94.0			0.81561	0.80705	0.80272	0.79835	0.80848	0.80507
95.0			0.81278	0.80424	0.79991	0.79555	0.80567	0.80225
96.0			0.80991	0.80138	0.79706	0.79271	0.80280	0.79939
97.0			0.80698	0.79846	0.79415	0.78981	0.79988	0.79648
98.0			0.80399	0.79547	0.79117	0.78684	0.79688	0.79349
99.0			0.80094	0.79243	0.78814	0.78382	0.79383	0.79045
100.0	100.0	79.39	0.79784	0.78934	0.78506	0.78075	0.79074	0.78736	−114.3
Mass fraction, %	Volume concentration, %	Mass concentration, g/(100 ml) at 15.56 °C	Density relative to 4 °C water				Density at 20 °C relative to 20 °C water	Density at 25 °C relative to 25 °C water	Freezing temperature, °C
Mass fraction, %	Volume concentration, %	Mass concentration, g/(100 ml) at 15.56 °C	10 °C	20 °C	25 °C	30 °C	Density at 20 °C relative to 20 °C water	Density at 25 °C relative to 25 °C water	Freezing temperature, °C

Boiling points of aqueous solutions[]

Data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry (Page 2117)^[7]^: 2391

BP °C	Weight % ethanol		BP °C	Weight % ethanol
BP °C	liquid	vapor	BP °C	liquid	vapor
78.1	95.5^‡	95.5^‡
78.2	91	92	86.5	18	71
78.4	85	89	87.0	17	70
78.6	82	88	87.5	16	69
78.8	80	87	88.0	15	68
79.0	78	86	88.5	13	67
79.2	76	85	89.0	12	65
79.4	74	85	89.5	11	63
79.6	72	84	90.0	10	61
79.8	69	84	90.5	10	59
80.0	67	83	91.0	9	57
80.2	64	83	91.5	8	55
80.4	62	82	92.0	8	53
80.6	59	82	92.5	7	51
80.8	56	81	93.0	6	49
81.0	53	81	93.5	6	46
81.2	50	80	94.0	5	44
81.4	47	80	94.5	5	42
81.6	45	80	95.0	4	39
81.8	43	79	95.5	4	36
82.0	41	79	96.0	3	33
82.5	36	78	96.5	3	30
83.0	33	78	97.0	2	27
83.5	30	77	97.5	2	23
84.0	27	77	98.0	1	19
84.5	25	75	98.5	1	15
85.0	23	74	99.0	< 1	10
85.5	21	73	99.5	< 1	5
86.0	20	72	100.0	0	0

^‡Azeotropic mixture

Charts[]

Thermophysical properties of mixtures of ethanol with water and dodecane

Excess volume of the mixture of ethanol and water (volume contraction)	Heat of mixing of the mixture of ethanol and water	Vapor–liquid equilibrium of the mixture of ethanol and water (including azeotrope)

Solid–liquid equilibrium of the mixture of ethanol and water (including eutecticum)	Miscibility gap in the mixture of dodecane and ethanol

This box:

Except where noted otherwise, data relate to Standard temperature and pressure.
Reliability of data general note.

References[]

^ NMR-002: Sample Devices and Magnetic Susceptibility
^ Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970.
^ "Pure Component Properties" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Retrieved 12 May 2007.
^ "Ethanol". webbook.nist.gov. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
^ ^a ^b Atkins, Peter; de Paula, Julio (2010). Atkins' Physical Chemistry (9th ed.). Oxford: OUP. pp. 913–947. ISBN 978-0-19-954337-3.
^ ^a ^b Lange 1967, pp. 1525–1528.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hodgman, Charles D; Weast, Robert C; Shankland, Robert S; Selby, Samuel M (1963). CRC Handbook of chemistry and physics : a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data (44th ed.). Cleveland Ohio: The Chemical Rubber Publishing. pp. 2582–2584.
^ Lange 1967, pp. 1522–1524.
^ "Spectral Database for Organic Compounds" (Queriable database). Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Retrieved 9 June 2007.
^ Lange 1967.

Lange, Norbert Adolph (1967). John Aurie Dean (ed.). Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD), http://webbook.nist.gov

[1] NMR-002: Sample Devices and Magnetic Susceptibility

[2] Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970.

[cheric_p-3] "Pure Component Properties" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Retrieved 12 May 2007.

[4] "Ethanol". webbook.nist.gov. Retrieved 7 December 2021.

[AtkinsPaula2010-5] Atkins, Peter; de Paula, Julio (2010). Atkins' Physical Chemistry (9th ed.). Oxford: OUP. pp. 913–947. ISBN 978-0-19-954337-3.

[FOOTNOTELange19671525–1528-6] Lange 1967, pp. 1525–1528.

[Hodgmanetal1963-7] Hodgman, Charles D; Weast, Robert C; Shankland, Robert S; Selby, Samuel M (1963). CRC Handbook of chemistry and physics : a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data (44th ed.). Cleveland Ohio: The Chemical Rubber Publishing. pp. 2582–2584.

[FOOTNOTELange19671522–1524-8] Lange 1967, pp. 1522–1524.

[aist-9] "Spectral Database for Organic Compounds" (Queriable database). Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Retrieved 9 June 2007.

[FOOTNOTELange1967-10] Lange 1967.

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