Eutrochium purpureum

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Eutrochium purpureum
Eupatorium purpureum2.jpg
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Eutrochium
Species:
E. purpureum
Binomial name
Eutrochium purpureum
(L.) E.E. Lamont
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Eupatorium purpureum L.
  • Eupatorium falcatum Michx.
  • Cunigunda purpurea (L.) Lunell
  • Eupatoriadelphus purpureus (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob.

Eutrochium purpureum, commonly known as purple Joe-Pye weed,[3] kidney-root,[4] sweetscented joe pye weed,[5] sweet Joe-Pye weed, is an herbaceous perennial plant in the sunflower family. It is native to eastern and central North America, from Ontario east to New Hampshire and south as far as Florida, Louisiana, and Oklahoma.[6] It is sometimes called gravel root, trumpet weed or feverweed.[citation needed]

Description[]

Eutrochium purpureum is a clump-forming herb that grows to 1.5–2.4 meters (4.9–7.9 ft) tall and about 1.2 meters (3.9 feet) wide. Plants are found in full sun to part shade in mesic to wet soils. Stems are upright, thick, round, and purple, with whorls of leaves at each node. As the plant begins to bloom the stems often bend downward under the weight of the flowers. The leaves grow to 30 cm (12 in) long and have a somewhat wrinkled texture. The purplish flowers are produced in large loose, convex shaped compound corymbiform arrays. Plants bloom mid to late summer and attract much activity from insects that feed on the nectar produced by the flowers.

  • Flowers and leaves

  • Close-up of the flowers

Taxonomy[]

This species hybridizes readily with other species of Eutrochium and where this species and those species overlap in distribution the resulting plants can be difficult to resolve to a specific taxon.[7] There are two varieties that differ in the pubescence of the stems and foliage, but many more have been proposed in the past, though most authorities now accept that this is a variable species and population variations integrate.

Ecology[]

Many species of butterflies, moths, bees, and flies visit the flowers.[8]

It is larval host to the eupatorium borer moth (Carmenta bassiformis), the red groundling moth (Perigea xanthioides), the ruby tiger moth (Phragmatobia fuliginosa), and the three-lined flower moth (Schinia trifascia).[9]

The larvae of Calycomyza flavinotum, a leaf miner fly, create blotch-shaped mines on the leaves.[8]

Cultivation[]

Eutrochium purpureum is sometimes cultivated and has escaped from cultivation in parts of New Zealand.[10][11]

References[]

  1. ^ "Eutrochium purpureum". The Global Compositae Checklist (GCC) – via The Plant List.
  2. ^ "Eutrochium purpureum". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  3. ^ "Eutrochium purpureum (purple Joe-Pye weed)". Go Botany. New England Wildflower Society. Retrieved 2018-04-07.
  4. ^ Blanchan, Neltje (2005). Wild Flowers Worth Knowing. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.
  5. ^ "Eutrochium purpureum". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  6. ^ "Eutrochium purpureum". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  7. ^ Lamont, Eric E. (2006). "Eutrochium purpureum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 21. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  8. ^ a b Wilhelm, Gerould; Rericha, Laura (2017). Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
  9. ^ The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.
  10. ^ Webb, C.J.; Sykes, W.R.; Garnock-Jones, P.J. (June 2004). "Eupatoriadelphus purpureus". Flora of New Zealand. Retrieved 2008-01-28.
  11. ^ "Botanica. The Illustrated AZ of over 10000 garden plants and how to cultivate them", p 359. Könemann, 2004. ISBN 3-8331-1253-0
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