Fatimah el-Sharif
| Fatimah as-Senussi | |
|---|---|
 Queen Fatima in the 1950s | |
| Queen consort of Libya | |
| Tenure | 24 December 1951 – 1 September 1969 |
| Predecessor | Position established |
| Successor | Fethiye Nuri al-Khaled (First Lady) |
| Born | April 2, 1911 Oasis of Kufra, Italian Cyrenaica |
| Died | October 3, 2009 (aged 98) Cairo, Egypt |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | |
| House | Senussi |
| Father | Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi |
| Mother | Khadija bint Ahmad al-Rifi[citation needed] |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Sayyida Fatimah el-Sharif (Arabic: فاطمة الشريف); after marriage, Fatimah as-Senussi (فاطمة السنوسي),[1] 2 April 1911 – 3 October 2009), was queen consort of King Idris of the Kingdom of Libya until the 1969 Libyan coup d'état.
Early life[]
Fatimah el-Sharif was born in Italian Cyrenaica in 1911, the fifth daughter of Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi, the former chief (3rd) of the Senussi order of Sufism. Her father was active in resistance against colonial forces. Her mother Khadija, Ahmed Sharif's second wife, was a daughter of general Ahmad al-Rifi (d. on 3 September 1911 in Kufra), distinguished elder statesman of the brotherhood and the last surviving personal companion of the Grand Senussi.[2][citation needed]
In 1929, she was forced to flee on camel to Egypt from Marshall Rodolfo Graziani.[citation needed]
In 1931, she married her cousin Idris of Libya, then Emir of Cyrenaica and her father's successor, in Siwa Oasis. Their only son died in 1953, aged one day old.[citation needed]
Queenship[]
Upon her husband's accession as King of Libya in 1951, Fatimah became Queen. In 1954, her nephew assassinated Idris' advisor Ibrahim al-Shelhi because of a rumour that Shelhi had convinced the King to divorce Fatima in favour of a marriage with his own daughter. Idris then ordered the execution of Fatima's nephew.[3] Salah Busir, who would later be Libya's foreign minister, sent a letter to Elizabeth II asking her to convince Idris to stop the execution, but he was unsuccessful. When Idris decided to obey the demands to remarry in order to have an heir, Fatimah selected two women as prospective brides: he chose neither of them, but instead an Egyptian heir appointed by his premier, Alia Abdel Kader Lamloum,[4] whom he married in 1955. As there was no divorce, Fatimah refused to leave the royal residence in Tobruk, and after a couple of months, she and Idris reconciled.[citation needed]
Post-revolution and death[]
Fatimah was in Turkey with her spouse at the time of Muammar Gaddafi's coup in 1969.[citation needed]
With the help of the Turkish government they returned from the resort town of Borsa to Kanmena Yourla in Greece. On 13 September she wrote to their lifetime friend Eric Armar Vully de Candole, CBE, who held the post of Her Britanic Majesty’s Resident, Cyrenaica: "We could not answer your cables and letters as I was alone with my husband when the coup took place without any money at all until the Turkish Government came to our help, paid our hotel and arranged our journey to Greece." She wrote to Mr. de Candole again on 26 October: "The weather here is cold and Ramadan will soon start and we cannot perform fasting obligations in any European Country. It is the will of God and may it be for the benefits of all. We shall sail next Friday for Alexandria and the same day get to Cairo."[5] She subsequently lived in Cairo from 3 November 1969 until her death.[citation needed]
Fatimah was later tried in absentia by the Libyan People's Court and sentenced in November 1971 to five years in prison and seizure of her assets. Her house in Tripoli was returned to her in 2007.[citation needed]
Fatimah died on 3 October 2009 in Cairo, aged 98. Her body was flown to Saudi Arabia for burial at Al-Baqi' in Medina beside her husband and her father accompanied by her longtime companions and servants Dr. Nafa al-Arabi al-Senussi, his wife Alia Benghalbon, and her longtime friend Amina Darbi.[citation needed]
Saudi Arabia denied her family permission to bury her in Al-Baqi'. Her body was finally laid to rest in the Hamza Cemetery near Mount Uhud in Medina on 7 October 2009 after salat al-Janazah in al-Masjid an-Nabawi.[6]
Personality[]
The relationship between Queen Fatimah and King Idris is described as a mutually happy one, and they became foster-parents to several children of relatives, as well their adopted Algerian daughter Suleima, whose father had been killed fighting against France in Algeria's war of independence.[3] Fatimah was described as humorous and tactful, with an ability to make people relax, especially children. She also was a most loyal supporter of Idris, with a simple but elegant style. Fatimah also became a role model for a new way of life for the women of Libya by her role as a queen.[3] As a queen, she played a visible role in society, and was present regularly at various public events.[3]
Ancestry[]
| showAncestors of Fatimah el-Sharif |
|---|
References[]
- ^ "Biodata". Archived from the original on October 6, 2009. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
- ^ Spaulding, Jay; Kapteijns, Lidwien (August 31, 2011). An Islamic Alliance: Ali Dinar and the Sanusiyya, 1906-1916. Northwestern University Press. ISBN 9780810128095. Retrieved August 22, 2019 – via Google Books.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Login".
- ^ "LIBYA: Family Troubles". 4 July 1955. Archived from the original on December 10, 2008 – via www.time.com.
- ^ "The Life and Times of King Idris of Libya", by E. A. V. De Candole
- ^ "Queen Fatima Idris".
External links[]
Media related to Fatima of Libya at Wikimedia Commons
- Libyan women
- Queens of Libya
- Senussi dynasty
- 1911 births
- 2009 deaths
- Libyan expatriates in Egypt
- People from Cairo
- Libyan people of Algerian descent
- Banu Idris
- 21st-century Libyan women
- 20th-century Libyan women
- 20th-century Libyan people