Fender Vibratone

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A Fender Vibratone

The Fender Vibratone was a Leslie speaker designed for use with electric guitars, manufactured by Fender from 1967-1972. Named after the first Leslie speaker made for the Hammond Organ in 1941, the Vibratone was associated with the electric guitar, although it was used in vocals on many famous songs. The Vibratone was essentially an equivalent of the Leslie 16. A prime example of the Vibratone's sound is on the song "Cold Shot" by Stevie Ray Vaughan.

History[]

In the mid-1960s, guitarists, from bands like The Beach Boys, started experimenting by playing through Leslies. At the time, Fender was bought by CBS, who owned the patents to the Leslie company. The Fender Vibratone was introduced in 1967. Since its introduction, many groups like The Beatles, The Byrds, The Zombies, Blind Faith, as well as guitarists like Mike Campbell, David Gilmour, and Stevie Ray Vaughan, all have used the Vibratone in their recordings.

Design[]

Unlike a high fidelity speaker, the Vibratone was specifically designed to alter or modify the sound. It consisted of a single driver unit, particularly a 10-inch guitar speaker, with a 15-inch Styrofoam cylindrical rotor in front of it. The cylinder was mechanically rotated by a motor through a rubber belt to create various effects, like chorus and vibrato, based on the Doppler effect. Like a traditional Leslie, the effect could be changed, via a two-button footswitch, between slow and fast speeds, or switched off altogether.

Much of the Vibratone's unique tone comes from the fact that the cabinet uses a guitar speaker, instead of a horn and woofer. The effect was dispersed vertically, unlike the Leslie that is dispersed horizontally, with grilles on the sides and top of the cabinet. With no built-in preamp, the Vibratone had to be powered by a separate guitar amplifier; in recording situations, microphones were placed next to the grilles in order for the effect to be heard. A crossover was also built-in, with the Vibratone handling the mid-range frequencies, and sending the high/low frequencies to the driving amplifier.

Simulators[]

Today, many modeling devices, such as the Line 6 POD and Fender Cyber Twin, depict the sound of the Fender Vibratone. Early Rotary Speaker Simulators, like the Shin-ei Uni-Vibe or Dunlop Rotovibe pedals, became viable alternatives for guitarists, but never quite fully reproduced the Doppler effect they attempted to emulate. Instead, they themselves became a new type of effect with their own sound signatures. Many cabinets similar to the Vibratone have come and gone, and there are a few models in current production as well. Guitar pedal manufacturers have also developed analog and digital pedals that quite realistically approximate the rotary effect. Here are a few examples (some may be out of production): Dunlop Univibe, Dunlop Rotovibe, Univox Univibe, Korg G4, Pigtronix Rototron, Line 6 Roto Machine, Voodoo Lab Micro Vibe, Hammond “Cream” Digital Leslie Pedal, Boss RT-20 Rotary Ensemble, Neo Ventilator, H&K Rotosphere, Danelectro Rocky Road, Neo MicroVent 16, & Fender's own The Pinwheel which allows 3 separate voices of Leslie type sounds. 1 voice of course being the Vibratone voicing, but The Pinwheel also allows you to switch between voicings that are programmed specifically for the Keyboard & specifically for the Guitar. So in all 3×2=6 separate voicings. 3 voiced for the Guitar & 3 voiced for the Keyboard. The Keyboard voicings can be very wet sounding & trippy with more highs & the guitar voicings can sound much darker on one Vibratone setting to much more highs on the top 2 settings. There are so many sounds to be had. Plus with the on board preamp which to me can sound a lot like a Bassman amp. Can give you plenty of dirt & also clean up just like a tube amp with your guitar's volume pot. All in all another great pedal from Stan Kotey & the rest of the team from Fender's Pedal Team.

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