![This is a featured list. Click here for more information.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png)
Field marshal (United Kingdom)
Field Marshal | |
---|---|
![]() The insignia of a field marshal as worn on epaulettes | |
Country | ![]() |
Service branch | ![]() |
Abbreviation | FM |
Rank | Five-star rank |
NATO rank code | OF-10 |
Non-NATO rank | O-11 |
Formation | 1736 |
Next lower rank | General |
Equivalent ranks | Admiral of the Fleet (RN) Marshal of the Royal Air Force (RAF) |
Field Marshal has been the highest rank in the British Army since 1736. A five-star rank with NATO code OF-10, it is equivalent to an Admiral of the Fleet in the Royal Navy or a Marshal of the Royal Air Force in the Royal Air Force (RAF). A Field Marshal's insignia consists of two crossed batons surrounded by yellow leaves below St Edward's Crown. Like Marshals of the RAF and Admirals of the Fleet, Field Marshals traditionally remain officers for life, though on half-pay when not in an appointment.[1][2] The rank has been used sporadically throughout its history and was vacant during parts of the 18th and 19th centuries (when all former holders of the rank were deceased). After the Second World War, it became standard practice to appoint the Chief of the Imperial General Staff (later renamed Chief of the General Staff) to the rank on his last day in the post. Army officers occupying the post of Chief of the Defence Staff, the professional head of all the British Armed Forces, were usually promoted to the rank upon their appointment.[3]
In total, 141 men have held the rank of field marshal. The majority led careers in the British Army or the British Indian Army, rising through the ranks to eventually become a field marshal. Some members of the British Royal Family—most recently Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, and Charles, Prince of Wales—were promoted to the rank after shorter periods of service. Three British monarchs—George V, Edward VIII, and George VI— assumed the rank on their accessions to the throne, while Edward VII was already a field marshal, and two British consorts—Albert, Prince Consort and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh—were appointed by their respective queens. Other ceremonial appointments were made as diplomatic gestures. Twelve foreign monarchs held the honour, though three (Wilhelm II, German Emperor; Franz Joseph I, Austrian Emperor; and Hirohito, Emperor of Japan) were stripped of it when their countries became enemies of Britain and her allies in the two world wars. Also awarded the rank were one Frenchman (Ferdinand Foch) and one Australian (Sir Thomas Blamey), honoured for their contributions to World War I and World War II respectively, and one foreign statesman (Jan Smuts).[4]
A report commissioned by the Ministry of Defence in 1995 made a number of recommendations for financial savings in the armed forces' budget, one of which was the abolition of the five-star ranks. Part of the rationale was that these ranks were disproportionate to the size of the forces commanded by these officers and that none of the United Kingdom's close allies, such as the United States (which reserves the rank of general of the army for officers who have commanded large armies in major wars), used such ranks. The recommendation was not taken up in full, but the practice of promoting service chiefs to five-star ranks was stopped and the ranks are now reserved for special circumstances. Sir Peter Inge was, in 1994, the last active officer to be promoted to the rank. Inge relinquished the post of Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) in 1997 and his successor, Sir Charles Guthrie, was the first officer not to be promoted upon appointment as CDS, although he was promoted to the honorary rank of field marshal in June 2012.[5]
The most recent promotions to field marshal came in 2012, eighteen years after the moratorium on routine promotions to the rank, when Queen Elizabeth II promoted Prince Charles, her son and heir apparent, to the five-star ranks in all three services, in recognition of support provided for her in her capacity as Head of the British Armed Forces.[6] At the same time, Guthrie, who relinquished the post of CDS and retired from active service in 2001, was promoted to honorary field marshal.[7] In June 2014 former Chief of the Defence Staff Lord Walker of Aldringham was also promoted to honorary field marshal.[8]
Although the rank of field marshal is not used in the Royal Marines, the insignia is used on the uniform of the Captain General, the ceremonial head of the corps (equivalent to colonel-in-chief).[9]
Insignia of rank[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Field_Marshal%27s_uniform_and_baton.jpg/170px-Field_Marshal%27s_uniform_and_baton.jpg)
The rank insignia of a field marshal in the British Army comprises two crossed batons in a wreath of oak leaves, with a crown above. In some other countries, historically under the sphere of British influence, an adapted version of the insignia is used for field marshals, often with the crown being replaced with an alternative cultural or national emblem. On appointment, British field marshals are awarded a gold-tipped baton which they may carry on formal occasions.
List of field marshals[]
![A bronze cross pattée bearing the crown of Saint Edward surmounted by a lion with the inscription "FOR VALOUR". A crimson ribbon is attached.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Victoria_Cross_Medal_without_Bar.png/120px-Victoria_Cross_Medal_without_Bar.png)
The vast majority of officers to hold the rank of field marshal were professional soldiers in the British Army, though eleven served as officers in the British Indian Army. At least fifty-seven field marshals were wounded in battle earlier in their careers, of whom 24 were wounded more than once, and eight had been prisoners of war. Fifteen future field marshals were present at the Battle of Vitoria, where the Duke of Wellington earned the rank, and ten others served under Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo. However, only thirty-eight held independent commands in the field, and just twelve served as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces (the pre-1904 professional head of the army) or Chief of the Imperial General Staff during a major war.[10]
Four field marshals—Sir Evelyn Wood, Sir George White, Earl Roberts, and Lord Gort—had previously received the Victoria Cross (VC), the United Kingdom's highest and most prestigious award for gallantry "in the face of the enemy". Wood, a famously injury-prone officer, was awarded the VC for two actions in 1858 in which he first attacked a group of rebels in India and later rescued an informant from another group of rebels. White, a cavalry officer, led two charges on enemy guns in Afghanistan in 1879, while Gort, of the Grenadier Guards, commanded a series of attacks while severely wounded during the First World War in 1918. Roberts received his VC for actions during the Indian Mutiny.[11][12][13][14][15]
Wellington, 44 at the time of his promotion, was the youngest non-royal officer to earn the rank of field marshal. Charles Moore, 1st Marquess of Drogheda was the oldest, promoted at the age of 91, while a further twenty-three officers were promoted to field marshal in their eighties. Wellington was also the only field marshal to become Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.[16]
No officer whose career was spent in the British Army has ever reached the rank of field marshal without having served in the cavalry, infantry, Royal Armoured Corps, Royal Artillery or Royal Engineers.[16] One non-British officer has been appointed field marshal in the British Army—Ferdinand Foch of France, in recognition of his contributions in the First World War—while one, Sir William Robertson, held every rank in the British Army, from private soldier to field marshal.[17]
Name and style[a] | Regiment[b] | Image | Born | Died | Date of promotion[18] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney | Royal Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1666 | 1737 | [19] | 12 January 1736
John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll | Earl of Argyll's Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1680 | 1743 | [20] | 14 January 1736
Richard Boyle, 2nd Viscount Shannon | Horse Guards Regiment | ![]() |
1674 | 1740 | [21] | 2 July 1739
François de La Rochefoucauld, Marquis de Montandre | ![]() |
1672 | 1739 | [22] | 2 July 1739|
John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of Stair | 26th (Cameronian) Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1673 | 1747 | [23] | 18 March 1742
Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham | 6th Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1669 | 1749 | [24] | 14 December 1742
George Wade | Earl of Bath's Regiment | ![]() |
1673 | 1748 | [25] | 14 December 1742
Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet | Grenadier Guards (1st Foot Guards) | ![]() |
1685 | 1768 | [26] | 28 November 1757
Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth | Royal Scots | ![]() |
1680 | 1758 | [27] | 29 November 1757
John Ligonier, 1st Earl Ligonier | 10th Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1680 | 1770 | [28] | 30 November 1757
James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley | 39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1690 | 1773 | [29] | 1 June 1763
Henry Seymour Conway | 5th Royal Irish Lancers | ![]() |
1721 | 1794 | [30] | 12 October 1793
Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh | 13th Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1743 | 1805 | [31] | 12 October 1793
Sir George Howard | 24th Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1720 | 1796 | [32] | 12 October 1793
Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany | Grenadier Guards | ![]() |
1763 | 1827 | [33] | 10 February 1795
John Campbell, 5th Duke of Argyll | Royal Scots Fusiliers | ![]() |
1723 | 1806 | [34] | 30 July 1796
Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst | Grenadier Guards | ![]() |
1717 | 1797 | [35] | 30 July 1796
John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden | Scots Guards | ![]() |
1719 | 1797 | [36] | 30 July 1796
Studholme Hodgson | Grenadier Guards | ![]() |
1708 | 1798 | [37] | 30 July 1796
George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend | 7th Queen's Own Hussars | ![]() |
1724 | 1807 | [38] | 30 July 1796
Lord Frederick Cavendish | Coldstream Guards | 1729 | 1803 | [39] | 30 July 1796|
Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond | Coldstream Guards | ![]() |
1735 | 1806 | [40] | 30 July 1796
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn | Royal Fusiliers | ![]() |
1767 | 1820 | [41] | 5 September 1805
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington | 33rd Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1769 | 1852 | [42] | 21 June 1813
Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale | — (Royal Family; afterwards King of Hanover) | ![]() |
1771 | 1851 | [43] | 6 November 1813
Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge | Hanoverian Guards | ![]() |
1774 | 1850 | [44] | 26 November 1813
Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh | Scots Guards | ![]() |
1776 | 1834 | [45] | 24 May 1816
Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | — (Royal Family; afterwards King of the Belgians) | ![]() |
1790 | 1865 | [46] | 24 May 1816
Charles Moore, 1st Marquess of Drogheda | 12th Dragoons | ![]() |
1730 | 1821 | [47] | 19 July 1821
William Harcourt, 3rd Earl Harcourt | Grenadier Guards | ![]() |
1743 | 1830 | [19] | 19 July 1821
Sir Alured Clarke | 50th (Queen's Own) Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1745 | 1832 | [48] | 22 July 1830
Sir Samuel Hulse | Grenadier Guards | ![]() |
1747 or 1748 | 1837 | [49] | 22 July 1830
Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | — (Royal Family) | ![]() |
1819 | 1861 | [50] | 8 February 1840
William II | — (King of the Netherlands) | ![]() |
1792 | 1847 | [51] | 28 July 1845
Sir George Nugent, 1st Baronet | 39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1757 | 1849 | [52] | 9 November 1846
Thomas Grosvenor | Grenadier Guards | ![]() |
1764 | 1851 | [53] | 9 November 1846
Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey | 80th Regiment of Foot (Staffordshire Volunteers) | ![]() |
1768 | 1854 | [54] | 9 November 1846
FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan | 4th Light Dragoons | ![]() |
1788 | 1855 | [55] | 5 November 1854
Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere | 23rd Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1773 | 1865 | [56] | 2 October 1855
John Byng, 1st Earl of Strafford | 33rd Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1772 | 1860 | [57] | 2 October 1855
Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge | Queen's Rangers | ![]() |
1785 | 1856 | [58] | 2 October 1855
John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton | East Devonshire Regiment | ![]() |
1779 | 1863 | [59] | 1 April 1860
Sir Edward Blakeney | 99th Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1778 | 1868 | [60] | 9 November 1862
Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough | Seaforth Highlanders | ![]() |
1779 | 1869 | [61] | 9 November 1862
Prince George, Duke of Cambridge | 12th Royal Lancers | ![]() |
1819 | 1904 | [62] | 9 November 1862
Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde | 9th (East Norfolk) Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1792 | 1863 | [63] | 9 November 1862
Sir Alexander Woodford | 9th (East Norfolk) Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1782 | 1870 | [64] | 1 January 1868
Sir William Gomm | 9th (East Norfolk) Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1784 | 1875 | [65] | 1 January 1868
Sir Hew Ross | Royal Artillery | ![]() |
1779 | 1868 | [66] | 1 January 1868
Sir John Burgoyne | Royal Engineers | ![]() |
1782 | 1871 | [67] | 1 January 1868
Sir George Pollock, 1st Baronet | Bengal Artillery | ![]() |
1786 | 1872 | [68] | 24 May 1870
Sir John FitzGerald | — (Retired) | 1785 | 1877 | [69] | 29 May 1875|
George Hay, 8th Marquess of Tweeddale | Grenadier Guards | ![]() |
1787 | 1876 | [70] | 29 May 1875
Edward VII | — (Royal Family) | ![]() |
1841 | 1910 | [71] | 29 May 1875
Sir William Rowan | 52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1789 | 1879 | [72] | 2 June 1877
Sir Charles Yorke | 35th (Royal Sussex) Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1790 | 1880 | [73] | 2 June 1877
Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn | 93rd (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1801 | 1885 | [74] | 2 June 1877
Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala | Bengal Engineer Group | ![]() |
1810 | 1890 | [75] | 1 January 1883
Sir Patrick Grant | 11th Bengal Native Infantry | ![]() |
1804 | 1895 | [76] | 24 June 1883
Sir John Michel | 64th (2nd Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1804 | 1886 | [77] | 27 March 1886
Sir Richard Dacres | Royal Artillery | ![]() |
1799 | 1886 | [78] | 27 March 1886
Lord William Paulet | 85th Regiment of Foot (Bucks Volunteers) | ![]() |
1804 | 1893 | [79] | 10 July 1886
George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan | 6th Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1800 | 1888 | [80] | 21 June 1887
Sir Lintorn Simmons | Royal Engineers | ![]() |
1821 | 1903 | [81] | 21 May 1890
Sir Frederick Haines | 4th Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1818 | 1909 | [82] | 21 May 1890
Sir Donald Stewart, 1st Baronet | 9th Bengal Native Infantry | ![]() |
1824 | 1900 | [83] | 26 May 1894
Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley | 12th Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1833 | 1913 | [84] | 26 May 1894
Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts, VC | Bengal Artillery | ![]() |
1832 | 1914 | [85] | 25 May 1895
Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar | 67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1823 | 1902 | [86] | 22 June 1897
Sir Neville Bowles Chamberlain | 55th Bengal Native Infantry | ![]() |
1820 | 1902 | [87] | 25 April 1900
Wilhelm II, German Emperor | — (German Emperor; King of Prussia) | ![]() |
1859 | 1941 | [88] | 27 January 1901
Sir Henry Norman | 1st Bengal Native Infantry | ![]() |
1826 | 1904 | [89] | 26 June 1902
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn | Royal Engineers | ![]() |
1850 | 1942 | [90] | 26 June 1902
Sir Evelyn Wood, VC | 13th Light Dragoons | ![]() |
1838 | 1919 | [91] | 8 April 1903
Sir George White, VC | 27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1835 | 1912 | [92] | 8 April 1903
Franz Joseph I of Austria | — (Emperor of Austria; King of Hungary) | ![]() |
1830 | 1916 | [93] | 1 September 1903
Francis Grenfell, 1st Baron Grenfell | King's Royal Rifle Corps | ![]() |
1841 | 1925 | [94] | 11 April 1908
Sir Charles Brownlow | 51st Sikhs (Frontier Force) | ![]() |
1831 | 1916 | [95] | 20 June 1908
Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener | Royal Engineers | ![]() |
1850 | 1916 | [96] | 10 September 1909
George V | Royal Welsh Fusiliers — (Royal Family) | ![]() |
1865 | 1936 | [97] | 7 May 1910
Paul Methuen, 3rd Baron Methuen | Scots Guards | ![]() |
1845 | 1932 | [98] | 19 June 1911
William Nicholson, 1st Baron Nicholson | Royal Engineers | ![]() |
1845 | 1918 | [99] | 19 June 1911
John French, 1st Earl of Ypres | 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars | ![]() |
1852 | 1925 | [100] | 3 June 1913
Nicholas II of Russia | — (Emperor of Russia) | ![]() |
1868 | 1918 | [101] | 1 January 1916
Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig | 7th Queen's Own Hussars | ![]() |
1861 | 1928 | [102] | 1 January 1917
Sir Charles Egerton | 31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1848 | 1921 | [103] | 16 March 1917
Emperor Taishō (Yoshihito) | — (Emperor of Japan) | ![]() |
1879 | 1926 | [104] | 1 January 1918
Ferdinand Foch | 35th Artillery Regiment – (French Army) | ![]() |
1851 | 1929 | [105] | 19 July 1919
Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer | York and Lancaster Regiment | ![]() |
1857 | 1932 | [106] | 31 July 1919
Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby | 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons | ![]() |
1861 | 1936 | [107] | 31 July 1919
Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet | Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own) | ![]() |
1864 | 1922 | [108] | 31 July 1919
Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet | 3rd Dragoon Guards | ![]() |
1860 | 1933 | [109] | 29 March 1920
Sir Arthur Barrett | 44th (East Essex) Regiment of Foot | ![]() |
1857 | 1926 | [110] | 12 April 1921
Albert I of Belgium | — (King of the Belgians) | ![]() |
1875 | 1934 | [111] | 4 July 1921
William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood | Royal Scots Fusiliers | ![]() |
1865 | 1951 | [112] | 20 March 1925
Sir Claud Jacob | Worcestershire Regiment | ![]() |
1863 | 1948 | [113] | 30 November 1926
George Milne, 1st Baron Milne | Royal Artillery | ![]() |
1866 | 1948 | [114] | 30 January 1928
Alfonso XIII of Spain | — (King of Spain) | ![]() |
1886 | 1941 | [115] | 3 June 1928
Hirohito (Emperor Shōwa) | — (Emperor of Japan) | ![]() |
1901 | 1989 | [116] | 26 June 1928
Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy | King's Royal Rifle Corps | ![]() |
1861 | 1935 | [117] | 17 July 1932
Rudolph Lambart, 10th Earl of Cavan | Grenadier Guards | ![]() |
1865 | 1946 | [118] | 31 October 1932
Philip Chetwode, 1st Baron Chetwode | Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry | ![]() |
1869 | 1950 | [119] | 13 February 1933
Sir Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd | Royal Artillery | ![]() |
1871 | 1947 | [120] | 7 June 1935
Edward VIII | — (Royal Family) | ![]() |
1894 | 1972 | [121] | 21 January 1936
Sir Cyril Deverell | West Yorkshire Regiment | ![]() |
1874 | 1947 | [122] | 15 May 1936
George VI | — (Royal Family) | ![]() |
1895 | 1952 | [123] | 12 December 1936
Edmund Ironside, 1st Baron Ironside | Royal Artillery | ![]() |
1880 | 1959 | [124] | 20 July 1940
Jan Smuts | — (South African Army) | ![]() |
1870 | 1950 | [125] | 24 May 1941
Sir John Dill | Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment | ![]() |
1881 | 1944 | [126] | 18 November 1941
John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort, VC | Grenadier Guards | ![]() |
1886 | 1946 | [127] | 1 January 1943
Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell | Black Watch | ![]() |
1883 | 1950 | [128] | 1 January 1943
Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke | Royal Artillery | ![]() |
1883 | 1963 | [129] | 1 January 1944
Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis | Irish Guards | ![]() |
1891 | 1969 | [130] | 4 June 1944
Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein | Royal Warwickshire Regiment | ![]() |
1887 | 1976 | [131] | 1 September 1944
Henry Maitland Wilson, 1st Baron Wilson | Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own) | ![]() |
1881 | 1964 | [132] | 29 December 1944
Sir Claude Auchinleck | 62nd Punjabis (Indian Army) | ![]() |
1884 | 1981 | [133] | 1 June 1946
William "Bill" Slim, 1st Viscount Slim | Royal Warwickshire Regiment | ![]() |
1891 | 1970 | [134] | 4 January 1948
Sir Thomas Blamey | — (Australian Army) | ![]() |
1884 | 1951 | [135] | 8 June 1950
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh | Royal Navy – (Royal Family) | ![]() |
1921 | 2021 | [136] | 15 January 1953
John Harding, 1st Baron Harding of Petherton | Somerset Light Infantry | ![]() |
1896 | 1989 | [137] | 21 July 1953
Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester | King's Royal Rifle Corps | ![]() |
1900 | 1974 | [138] | 31 March 1955
Sir Gerald Templer | Royal Irish Fusiliers | ![]() |
1898 | 1979 | [139] | 27 November 1956
Sir Francis Festing | Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own) | ![]() |
1902 | 1976 | [140] | 1 September 1960
Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah | — (King of Nepal) | ![]() |
1920 | 1972 | [141] | 17 October 1962
Haile Selassie I | — (Emperor of Ethiopia) | ![]() |
1892 | 1975 | [142] | 20 January 1965
Sir Richard Hull | 17th/21st Lancers | 1907 | 1989 | [143] | 8 February 1965|
Sir James Cassels | Seaforth Highlanders | 1907 | 1996 | [144] | 29 February 1968|
Sir Geoffrey Baker | Royal Artillery | ![]() |
1912 | 1980 | [145] | 31 January 1971
Michael Carver, Baron Carver | Royal Tank Corps | 1915 | 2001[146] | [147] | 18 July 1973|
Sir Roland Gibbs | King's Royal Rifle Corps | 1921 | 2004[148] | [149] | 13 July 1979|
Birendra Bir Bikram Shah | — (King of Nepal) | ![]() |
1945 | 2001[150] | [151] | 18 November 1980
Edwin Bramall, Baron Bramall | King's Royal Rifle Corps | ![]() |
1923 | 2019[152] | [153] | 1 January 1982
Sir John Stanier | 7th Queen's Own Hussars | 1925 | 2007[154] | [155] | 10 July 1985|
Sir Nigel Bagnall | Green Howards | 1927 | 2002[156] | [157] | 9 September 1988|
Richard Vincent, Baron Vincent of Coleshill | Royal Artillery | 1931 | 2018 | [158] | 2 April 1991|
Sir John Chapple | 2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles) | ![]() |
1931 | Living | [159] | 14 February 1992
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent | Royal Scots Greys – (Royal Family) | ![]() |
1935 | Living | [160] | 11 June 1993
Peter Inge, Baron Inge | Green Howards | 1935 | Living | [161] | 15 March 1994|
Charles, Prince of Wales | Welsh Guards, Royal Navy and Royal Air Force – (Royal Family) | ![]() |
1948 | Living | [7] | 16 June 2012
Charles Guthrie, Baron Guthrie of Craigiebank | Welsh Guards | ![]() |
1938 | Living | [7] | 16 June 2012
Michael Walker, Baron Walker of Aldringham | Royal Anglian Regiment | ![]() |
1944 | Living | [8] | 13 June 2014
See also[]
- British and U.S. military ranks compared
- British Army Other Ranks rank insignia
- British Army officer rank insignia
Notes[]
- ^ Titles and styles are those held by the field marshal when they died, or those currently held in the case of living field marshals; in most cases, these are not the same as the titles and styles held by an officer upon their promotion to the rank, nor (in the case of operational field marshals) those held when the officer retired from active service. All post-nominal letters, with the exception of "VC" (denoting the Victoria Cross) are omitted.
- ^ The regiment given is the regiment into which the field marshal was commissioned. This is not necessarily the regiment the officer first joined, nor is it necessarily the regiment in which the officer spent most of his career. A "—" indicates either that the officer did not lead a career in the British Army or that the officer was not initially commissioned into a formal regiment.
References[]
Footnotes
- ^ Brewer's Dictionary.
- ^ The Daily Telegraph & 12 April 2008.
- ^ Heathcote, p. 4.
- ^ Heathcote, p. 1.
- ^ "No. 60350". The London Gazette. 7 December 2012. p. 23557.
- ^ The Prince of Wales Archived 29 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Queen appoints The Prince of Wales to Honorary Five-Star rank 16 June 2012
- ^ Jump up to: a b c BBC News & 16 June 2012.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Ministry of Defence & 13 June 2014.
- ^ "Photograph of Prince Philip as Captain General Royal Marines wearing the insignia of a field marshal". Getty Images. 16 May 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
- ^ Heathcote, p. 2.
- ^ Ashcroft, pp. 79–81.
- ^ London Gazette 4 September 1860.
- ^ London Gazette 3 June 1881.
- ^ London Gazette 26 November 1918.
- ^ London Gazette 24 December 1858.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Heathcote, p. 7.
- ^ Woodward, David R. (May 2006) [September 2004]. "Robertson, Sir William Robert, first baronet (1860–1933)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35786. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 320–326, Table 1.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Heathcote, pp. 166–167.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 71–73.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 52–53.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 99–101.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 97–99.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 272–273.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 285–287.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 245–246.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 211–212.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 202–204.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 234–235.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 92–94.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 302–303.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 179–180.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 127–130.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 73–75.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 23–26.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 153–154.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 178–179.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 277–279.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 82–83.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 199–200.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 112–113.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 291–295.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 116–118.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 9–10.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 301–302.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 200–202.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 222–223.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 89–90.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 182–183.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 12–13.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 297–299.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 232–234.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 154–155.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 235–237.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 267–269.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 94–96.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 63–64.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 171–173.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 90–92.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 46–47.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 148–150.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 141–144.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 69–71.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 316–318.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 146–148.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 255–256.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 60–63.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 243–245.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 121–122.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 173–174.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 105–108.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 256–257.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 318–319.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 253–255.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 223–225.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 150–151.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 207–208.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 96–97.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 237–238.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 41–43.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 257–259.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 163–165.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 270–272.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 311–314.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 246–250.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 114–115.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 83–85.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 299–301.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 230–232.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 26–28.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 314–316.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 295–297.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 125–127.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 151–153.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 59–60.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 191–197.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 135–137.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 205–207.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 228–230.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 130–135.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 225–228.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 155–160.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 115–116.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 319–320.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 122–125.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 240–243.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 19–23.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 303–308.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 250–253.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 39–41.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 10–12.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 43–45.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 190–191.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 208–211.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 17–19.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 176–178.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 64–69.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 197–199.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 86–89.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 219–222.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 108–112.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 101–102.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 137–141.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 185–190.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 264–267.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 102–105.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 279–283.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 287–291.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 56–59.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 13–17.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 212–219.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 308–311.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 28–35.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 259–264.
- ^ "No. 38930". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 June 1950. p. 2811.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 238–240.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 167–171.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 174–176.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 273–277.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 118–121.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 204–205.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 160–163.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 180–182.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 79–82.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 37–39.
- ^ The Guardian & 12 December 2001.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 75–79.
- ^ The Daily Telegraph & 2 November 2004.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 144–146.
- ^ BBC News & 2 June 2001.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 45–46.
- ^ "Ex-Armed Forces head Lord Bramall dies aged 95". BBC. 12 November 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 53–56.
- ^ The Times & 13 November 2007.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 269–270.
- ^ The Independent & 11 April 2002.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 35–37.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 283–285.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 85–86.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 113–114.
- ^ Heathcote, pp. 183–185.
Works cited
- Ashcroft, Michael (2007). Victoria Cross Heroes. London: Headline Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-7553-1633-5.
- Heathcote, Tony (1999). The British Field Marshals, 1736–1997: A Biographical Dictionary. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-0-85052-696-7.
- "No. 22212". The London Gazette. 24 December 1858. p. 5516.
- "No. 22419". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 September 1860. p. 3257.
- "No. 24981". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 June 1881. p. 2859.
- "No. 31034". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 November 1918. p. 14039.
- "Field marshal". Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap. 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2011. (subscription required)
- "Telegraph style book: the Services". The Daily Telegraph. 12 April 2008. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
- van der Vat, Dan (12 December 2001). "Obituary: Field Marshal Lord Carver". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
- "Obituaries: Field Marshal Sir Roland Gibbs". The Daily Telegraph. 2 November 2004. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
- "Obituary: Field Marshal Sir John Stanier". The Times. 13 November 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
- "Obituary: Field Marshal Sir Nigel Bagnall". The Independent. Independent Print Limited. 11 April 2002. Archived from the original on 18 June 2010. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
- "Nepal mourns slain king". BBC News. BBC. 2 June 2001. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
- "Prince Charles awarded highest military ranks by Queen". BBC News. BBC. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
- "2014 Birthday Honours for service personnel and defence civilians". Ministry of Defence. Ministry of Defence. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
hide | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NATO rank code | Student officer | OF-1 | OF-2 | OF-3 | OF-4 | OF-5 | OF-6 ★ |
OF-7 ★★ |
OF-8 ★★★ |
OF-9 ★★★★ |
OF-10 ★★★★★ | ||
Royal Navy | O Cdt | Midshipman | Sub-Lt | Lt | Lt Cdr | Cdr | Capt | Cdre | RAdm | VAdm | Adm | Adm of the Fleet | |
Royal Marines | O Cdt | 2Lt | Lt | Capt | Major | Lt Col | Colonel | Brig | Maj-Gen | Lt-Gen | General | Captain-General | |
Army | O Cdt | 2Lt | Lt | Capt | Major | Lt Col | Colonel | Brig | Maj-Gen | Lt-Gen | General | Field marshal | |
Royal Air Force | Off Cdt / | APO / Plt Off | Fg Off | Flt Lt | Sqn Ldr | Wg Cdr | Gp Capt | Air Cdre | AVM | Air Mshl | Air Chf Mshl | Mshl of the RAF | |
Lists |
- British field marshals