Fifth (unit)

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A metric fifth of Dewar's Scotch whisky

A fifth is a unit of volume formerly used for wine and distilled beverages in the United States, equal to one fifth of a US liquid gallon, or 25+3⁄5 U.S. fluid ounces (757 milliliters); it has been superseded by the metric bottle size of 750 ml,[1] sometimes called a metric fifth, which is the standard capacity of wine bottles worldwide and is approximately 1% smaller.

History[]

Before the mid 19th century, the capacity of British alcohol bottles used for wine and distilled liquors was nominally a quart, but the actual capacity varied considerably. Four primary styles existed, with different average capacities: 759±27 ml (715-810 range); 781±47 ml (724-880); 808±49 ml (739-835); ~1130 ml "imperial wine quart". Beer and cider bottles had a different range of sizes.[2] In 1842, it was reported that ordinary wine bottles were 1/6 of an imperial gallon, that is, 758 ml.[3]

In the late 19th century, liquor in the US was often sold in bottles which appeared to hold one US quart (32 US fl oz; 950 ml), but in fact contained less than a quart and were called "fifths" [4] or commercial quarts.[5]

At this time, one-fifth of a gallon was a common legal threshold for the difference between selling by the drink and selling by the bottle or at wholesale,[5][6][7] and thus the difference between a drinking saloon or barroom and a dry-goods store.

The fifth was the usual size of bottle for distilled beverages in the United States until 1980.[8] Other authorized units based on the fifth included 4⁄5 pint, called a tenth, and 1⁄10 pint.[9]

During the 1970s, there was a push for metrication of U.S. government standards. In 1975, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, in cooperation with the Distilled Spirits Council of the United States, proposed metric-standard bottle sizes to take effect in January 1979 and these standards were incorporated into Title 27 of the Code of Federal Regulations.[9][10] These new sizes were 50 ml, 100 ml, 200 ml, 375 ml (355 ml for cans), 500 ml (discontinued for distilled beverages in June 1989, but not for wine),[11] 750 ml, 1 liter, and 1.75 liter. Wine also has a standard 187 ml (6.3 fl. oz.) measure and uses 1.5 liters instead of 1.75.

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ E. Frank Henriques, The Signet Encyclopedia of Wine, p. 298
  2. ^ Olive R. Jones, Cylindrical English Wine and Beer Bottles 1735-1850, Studies in Archaeology and History, Environment Canada, 1986 full text, Appendix B, Tables 20-23
  3. ^ Jones, p. 109
  4. ^ United States Congress, "Report of hearings on H.R. 16925 to Regulate the Storage of Food Products in the District of Columbia", January 24, 1910, p. 300
  5. ^ a b Municipal League of Los Angeles, Municipal Affairs 2:1 (January 1907) "commercial+quart" p. 4
  6. ^ The Southwestern Reporter 55, 1900, p. 212
  7. ^ Annual report of the Board of State Viticultural Commissioners (California), 1894, p. 71
  8. ^ testimony of Carl L. Alsberg, "Amendments to the Pure Food and Drugs Act", Commonwealth of Virginia, 1919, p. 17: "The ordinary whisky bottle contains one-fifth of a gallon, or 253⁄5 ounces [...] They are either marked 25 ounces, or one-fifth of a gallon."
  9. ^ a b 27 CFR Chapter I, Part 5, Subpart E, Section 5.47a Metric standards of fill for distilled spirits bottled after December 31, 1979
  10. ^ "Old Standard Fifth Due New Moniker", Indiana Evening Gazette, 16 July 1975, p. 40
  11. ^ "Packaging regulations for alcoholic beverages". Colostate.edu. Colorado State University. Archived from the original on 12 March 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
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