Find-me signals

Find-me signals are molecules released by a cell to attract phagocytes to that cell by chemotaxis, thereby increasing phagocytosis of the cell by phagocytes.^[1]^[2] Thus, when a cell releases a find-me signal, it attracts other cells to come and find it, and then eat it, thereby disposing of the cell. For example, cells undergoing apoptosis release ATP to attract macrophages to the apoptotic cell, which may then lead to phagocytosis of the apoptotic cell by the macrophage.^[1]^[2]

Currently known find-me signals include: the nucleotides: adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), uridine triphosphate (UTP) and uridine diphosphate (UDP); the lipids: lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P); and the proteins (or peptides): fractalkine (CX3CL1), interleukin-8 (IL-8), complement components C3a and C5a, split tyrosyl tRNA synthetase (mini TyrRS), dimerised ribosomal protein S19 (RP S19), endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP II) and formyl peptides (including N-formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine, fMLP).^[1]^[2]^[3]

References[]

^ ^a ^b ^c Ravichandran, Kodi S. (2011). "Beginnings of a Good Apoptotic Meal: The Find-Me and Eat-Me Signaling Pathways". Immunity. 35 (4): 445–455. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.09.004. PMC 3241945. PMID 22035837.
^ ^a ^b ^c Medina, C B; Ravichandran, K S (2016). "Do not let death do us part: 'find-me' signals in communication between dying cells and the phagocytes". Cell Death & Differentiation. 23 (6): 979–989. doi:10.1038/cdd.2016.13. ISSN 1350-9047. PMC 4987731. PMID 26891690.
^ Cockram, Tom O. J.; Dundee, Jacob M.; Popescu, Alma S.; Brown, Guy C. (2021-06-09). "The Phagocytic Code Regulating Phagocytosis of Mammalian Cells". Frontiers in Immunology. 12: 629979. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.629979. ISSN 1664-3224. PMC 8220072. PMID 34177884. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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[:0-1] Ravichandran, Kodi S. (2011). "Beginnings of a Good Apoptotic Meal: The Find-Me and Eat-Me Signaling Pathways". Immunity. 35 (4): 445–455. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.09.004. PMC 3241945. PMID 22035837.

[:1-2] Medina, C B; Ravichandran, K S (2016). "Do not let death do us part: 'find-me' signals in communication between dying cells and the phagocytes". Cell Death & Differentiation. 23 (6): 979–989. doi:10.1038/cdd.2016.13. ISSN 1350-9047. PMC 4987731. PMID 26891690.

[3] Cockram, Tom O. J.; Dundee, Jacob M.; Popescu, Alma S.; Brown, Guy C. (2021-06-09). "The Phagocytic Code Regulating Phagocytosis of Mammalian Cells". Frontiers in Immunology. 12: 629979. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.629979. ISSN 1664-3224. PMC 8220072. PMID 34177884. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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