First Civil War (Kazakh Khanate)

This article has multiple issues. Please help or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources:  –  ·  ·  · scholar · JSTOR (June 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

1st Kazakh Civil War
Confrontation between Khans
Date 1522 – 1538 Location Kazakh Khanate Result Victory for Haqnazar Khan Unity of the Kazakh Khanate
Belligerents
Tahir Khan Tugim Khan (Until 1538) Supported by: Haqnazar Khan	Ahmed Khan Buydash Khan

The 1st Kazakh Civil War (1522 – 1538) was an internecine war in the Kazakh Khanate between the descendants of Janibek Khan. The war started just after the death of Qasim Khan.

Background[]

In the early 16th Century Kasym Khan had united all tribes and nations of Eastern Cumania into one state — the Kazakh Khanate. It was a regional superpower, which could withstand a war with any neighboring country. However the unity of the khanate relied on Kasym Khan's personal authority, and after his death an internecine war started between descendants of Janibek Khan for the throne. This war named after civil war between Janibek's descendants.

History[]

Kasim-khan's heir, Mamash Khan, was unable to resist the Nogai Horde, which conquered the territory of the Torgay River. After Mamash Khan's death, during the reign of Taiyr Khan, the Oirat invasion of the Kazakh Khanate began. Taiyr Khan failed to suppress powerful sultans of the Kazakh Khanate, such rulers as Zhetysu Buydash Khan, ruler of Sighnaq Ahmet.

Taiyr Khan was defeated by the ruler of Moghulistan, , and fled to Kyrgyzstan, where he died. Then, became the new ruler of Kazakh lands. But his government was not recognized by , ruler of , and both declared themselves as khans. The son of Kasym Khan, , the ruler of , recognized Tugim as khan.

Ahmet began a campaign against the Nogai horde. Ultimately, he was defeated by the Nogais and was captured by them with fifteen of his sons. In 1535, Ahmet was killed by . Sultan Hak-Nazar captured Ahmet's territories. The western border of the Khanate passed through the Aral Sea.

Sultan Hak-Nazar inflicted a crushing defeat on Buydash Khan, who fled to Moghulistan. Hak-Nazar got the western part of Zhetysu.

In 1538, after the death of Tugim Khan, Khak-Nazar became khan and the civil war ended in his victory.

Results[]

The Kazakh Khanate reached inner unity. Nevertheless it had lost nearly half of their territory - Western Kazakhstan was captured by the Nogai Horde, Eastern Kazakhstan by Four Oirat, Northern - by the Khanate of Sibir, Moghulistan obtained Western Zhetusy whilst the Khanate of Bukhara got Tashkent. Only during and after the reign of Haq-Nazar were the Kazakhs able to re-consolidate all of Kazakhstan.

External links[]

• National Historical Encyclopedia