Flower chafer

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Flower chafers
Cetoinedoree.jpg
Cetonia aurata, the green rose chafer
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Scarabaeidae
Subfamily: Cetoniinae
Leach, 1815

Flower chafers are a group of scarab beetles, comprising the subfamily Cetoniinae. Many species are diurnal and visit flowers for pollen and nectar, or to browse on the petals. Some species also feed on fruit. The group is also called fruit and flower chafers, flower beetles and flower scarabs. There are around 4,000 species, many of them still undescribed.

Overview[]

By morphological characters, the adults can be separated from the other scarabs by the combination of the following characters: epipleuron easily recognizable, border lateral of elytra sinuate and antennal insertion visible from above. Twelve tribes are presently recognized: Cetoniini, Cremastocheilini, , , Gymnetini, , , , , Trichiini, Valgini, and .[1] The tribe Gymnetini is the biggest of the American tribes, and Goliathini contains the largest species, and is mainly found in the rainforest regions of Africa.

Biology[]

Many species in the tribe Cremastocheilini are known to be predaceous, feeding on hymenopteran larvae or soft-bodied nymphs of Auchenorrhyncha. spp. have been noted feeding on the nesting material and excrement of South African passerine birds,[2] while has been recorded feeding on Oxyrhachis sp. nymphs[3] and is known to feed on the brood of honey bees in South Africa and the pupae of the wasp Belonogaster petiolata. feeds on the larvae of in southern India.[4] feeds on ants of the genus Myrmecocystus.[5]

Systematics and taxonomy[]

The tribes of subfamily Cetoniinae, with some notable genera also listed, are:[6]

Tribus Cetoniini[]

ignicollis

Subtribus

  • Aethiessa Burmeister, 1842
  • Anatona Burmeister, 1842
  • Kolbe, 1912
  • Antoine, 1987
  • Kraatz, 1898
  • Distant, 1911
  • Thomson, 1877
  • Moser, 1916
  • Fairmaire, 1884
  • Cetonia Fabricius, 1775
  • Legrand, 2004
  • Chiloloba Burmeister, 1842
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Kraatz, 1899
  • Dischista Burmeister, 1842
  • Kolbe, 1912
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Lucas, 1859
  • Preiss, 1902
  • Gametis Burmeister, 1842
  • Antoine, 2006
  • Schoch, 1896
  • Glycyphana Burmeister, 1842
  • Arrow, 1910
  • Mikšič, 1963
  • Antoine, 1989
  • Albers, 1852
  • Antoine, 2002
  • Schenkling, 1921
  • Mikšič, 1968
  • Thomson, 1880
  • Ruter, 1953
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Pachnoda Burmeister, 1842
  • Alexis & Delpont, 2002
  • Thomson, 1880
  • Antoine, 1989
  • Antoine, 1988
  • Moser, 1907
  • Kraatz, 1899
  • Antoine, 2006
  • Holm & Marais, 1989
  • Kraatz, 1894
  • Schoch, 1898
  • Moser, 1915
  • Moser, 1917
  • Polybaphes Kirby, 1827
  • Kraatz, 1882
  • Protaetia Burmeister, 1842
    • Thomson, 1859
    • Mulsant & Rey, 1871
  • Mikšič, 1968
  • Kraatz, 1882
  • Kraatz, 1882
  • Mikšič, 1968
  • Rhabdotis Burmeister, 1842
  • Krikken, 1981
  • Burmeister, 1842 (= "Rhixiphloea")
  • Kraatz, 1886
  • Lansberge, 1882
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Wallace, 1868
  • Kraatz, 1895
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Reitter, 1898
  • Moser, 1908
  • Moser, 1916
  • Tropinota Mulsant, 1842
  • Xeloma Kraatz, 1881

Subtribus

Subtribus

  • Kraatz, 1882
  • Schenkling, 1921
  • Kolbe, 1895
  • Antoine, 1989
  • Cyrtothyrea Kolbe, 1895
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Kraatz, 1895
  • Antoine, 1989
  • Kolbe, 1895
  • Leucocelis Burmeister, 1842
  • Kolbe, 1895
  • Lansberge, 1882
  • Antoine, 1997
  • Kraatz, 1897
  • Antoine, 1989
  • Oxythyrea Mulsant, 1842
  • Reiche, 1871
  • Antoine, 1989
  • Schaum, 1844
  • Antoine, 1989
  • Baraud, 1985

Tribus Cremastocheilini[]

Subtribus

  • Schaum, 1848
  • Krikken, 1976

Subtribus

  • Rossi, 1958
  • Péringuey, 1907
  • Schein, 1957
  • Schaum, 1841
  • Rojkoff, 2010

Subtribus

Subtribus

  • Kirby, 1827
  • Wasmann, 1900
  • Burmeister, 1842

Subtribus

  • Kirby, 1825
  • Ruter, 1969
  • Deyrolle, 1864

Subtribus

  • Janson, 1881

Subtribus

  • Moser, 1911

Subtribus

  • Burmeister, 1847
  • Schaum, 1844

Subtribus

  • Kraatz, 1896
  • Hope, 1831
  • Westwood, 1874
  • Moser, 1918

Subtribus

  • Westwood, 1879

Subtribus

  • Péringuey, 1907
  • Ruter, 1952
  • W.S. MacLeay, 1838
  • Péringuey, 1900
  • Schaum, 1841

Subtribus

  • Mohnike, 1873
  • Guérin-Méneville, 1840
  • Arrow, 1910
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Burmeister, 1842

Subtribus

  • Schaum, 1848

Subtribus

  • Krikken, 1975

Subtribus

  • Kolbe, 1908
  • Burmeister, 1842

Subtribus

  • Krikken, 1976
  • Westwood, 1873

Tribus []

  • MacLeay, 1838
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Moser, 1918
  • Antoine, 2001
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Kolbe, 1892
  • Gerstäcker, 1882
  • Diplognatha Gory & Percheron, 1833
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Kraatz, 1898
  • Valck Lucassen, 1933
  • Krikken, 1980
  • Valck Lucassen, 1933
  • Kraatz, 1883
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Hauser, 1904
  • Moser, 1919
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Valck Lucassen, 1933
  • Kraatz, 1896 (= "Tetragonorrhina")
  • Trichostetha Burmeister, 1842
  • Krikken, 1987
  • Gerstaecker, 1867
  • Burmeister, 1842

Tribus []

Mecynorhina ugandensis

Subtribus

  • Hope, 1837

Subtribus

Subtribus

  • Péringuey, 1907
  • Gory & Percheron, 1833
  • Perissinotto, 2020
  • Perissinotto, 2020
  • Holm, 1988

Subtribus

  • Arrow, 1922
  • Westwood, 1842
  • Westwood, 1874 (= "Asthenorrhella" Bergé, = "Asthenorrhinella" Schoch)
  • Westwood, 1843 (= "Asthenorrhina" Gemminger & Harold)
  • Fairmaire, 1898
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Hope, 1841 (= "Coelorrhina" Burmeister)
  • Westwood, 1843
  • Fairmaire, 1905
  • Chlorocala Kirby, 1828
  • Chondrorrhina Kraatz, 1880
  • Compsocephalus White, 1845
  • Saunders, 1854
  • Westwood, 1842
  • Alexis & Delpont, 1999
  • Waterhouse, 1905
  • Dicheros Gory & Percheron, 1833
  • Dicronorhina Hope, 1837 (= "Dicranorrhina" Burmeister, "Dicronorrhina" Burmeister)
  • Hope, 1843
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Arrow, 1907
  • Eudicella White, 1839
  • Waterhouse, 1880
  • Gnathocera Kirby, 1825
  • Kaatz, 1880
  • Mikšić, 1974
  • Seilliere, 1910
  • Westwood, 1842 (= "Heterorrhina")
  • Fairmaire, 1893
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Jumnos Saunders, 1839
  • Lansbergia Ritsema, 1888
  • Westwood, 1842
  • Perissinotto, Clennell & Beinhundner, 2019
  • Alexis & Delpont, 2001
  • Mecynorhina Hope, 1837
  • Ruter, 1965
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Narycius Dupont, 1835
  • Alexis & Delpont, 1998
  • Neophaedimus Schoch, 1894
  • Neoscelis Schoch, 1897
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Mikšić, 1965
  • Plaesiorrhina Burmeister, 1842
  • Westwood, 1854
  • Krikken, 1984
  • Mikšić, 1974
  • Mikšič, 1967
  • Kraatz, 1883
  • J. Thomson, 1877
  • Rhamphorrhina Klug, 1855
  • Ruter, 1965
  • Rhomborhina Hope 1837 (= "Rhomborrhina" Burmeister)
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Westwood, 1847
  • Lansberge, 1886
  • Stephanorrhina Burmeister, 1842
  • Taurhina Burmeister, 1842 (= "Taurrhina" Kraatz)
  • Tmesorrhina Westwood, 1842
  • Torynorrhina Arrow, 1907
  • Legrand, 2001
  • Pouillaude, 1913
  • Hope, 1831

Tribus Gymnetini[]

Subtribus

  • Blaesia Burmeister, 1842
  • Morón and Nogueira, 2007

Subtribus Gymnetina

  • Aemilius LeMoult, 1939
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Kraatz, 1882
  • J. Thomson, 1878
  • Argyripa J. Thomson, 1878
  • Schürhoff, 1937
  • J. Thomson, 1880
  • J. Thomson, 1880
  • Bates, 1889
  • Cineretis Schürhoff, 1937 (synonym = Hologymnetis Martínez, 1949)
  • Clinteria Burmeister, 1842
  • Schoch, 1898
  • Cotinis Burmeister, 1842
  • J. Thomson, 1878
  • Poll, 1886
  • Gymnetina Casey, 1915
  • Gymnetis MacLeay, 1819
    Gymnetis stellata
  • Martínez, 1949
  • Kraatz, 1892
  • Martínez, 1949
  • Hoplopyga J. Thomson, 1880
  • Schürhoff, 1933
  • Blackwelder, 1944
  • Schürhoff, 1935
  • Kirby, 1827
  • Ratcliffe & Micó, 2001
  • Bainbridge, 1840
  • Burmeister, 1842

Tribus []

Tribus []

Subtribus

Subtribus

  • Blanchard, 1842
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Krikken, 2018
  • Antoine, 2003
  • Heller, 1901
  • Chlorobapta Kraatz, 1880
  • Chondropyga Kraatz, 1880
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Diaphonia Newman, 1840
  • Thomson, 1877
  • Dilochrosis Thomson, 1878
  • Eupoecila Burmeister, 1842
  • Hutchinson & Moeseneder, 2013
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Macleay, 1863
  • Thomson, 1880
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Strand, 1934
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Jákl, 2009
  • Kraatz, 1885
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Hutchinson & Moeseneder, 2016
  • Van de Poll, 1886
  • J. Thomson, 1878
  • Moeseneder & Hutchinson, 2012
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Krikken, 1983
  • Schoch, 1895
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Poecilopharis Kraatz, 1880
  • Van de Poll, 1886
  • Kirby, 1825
  • Berg, 1898
  • Moser, 1913
  • Hasenpusch & Moeseneder 2010
  • Valck Lucassen, 1939
  • Thomson, 1880
  • Krikken, 2018
  • Kraatz, 1880

Tribus []

Subtribus

  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Fairmaire, 1880

Subtribus

  • Westwood, 1842
  • Ruter, 1964

Subtribus

  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Coptomia Burmeister, 1842
  • Pouillaude, 1919
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Bourgoin, 1919
  • Fairmaire, 1901
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Pouillaude, 1917
  • Blanchard, 1842
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Kraatz, 1894
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Pyrrhopoda Kraatz, 1880
  • Ruter, 1964

Subtribus

  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Krikken, 1982
  • Kraatz, 1893
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Fairmaire, 1883

Subtribus

Subtribus

  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Pouillaude, 1920
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Fairmaire, 1894

Subtribus

  • Schaum, 1845
  • Fairmaire, 1896

Subtribus

  • Ruter, 1978
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Olsoufieff, 1940
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Pantolia Burmeister, 1842
  • Blanchard, 1842

Subtribus

  • Burmeister, 1842

Subtribus

  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Kraatz, 1880
  • Kraatz, 1900
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Ruter, 1973

Tribus []

  • Moser, 1914
  • Mikšic, 1976
  • Westwood, 1848
  • Mikšic, 1976
  • Chalcothea Burmeister, 1842
  • Mikšic, 1970
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Coilodera Hope, 1831
  • Schürhoff, 1933
  • Mikšic, 1976
  • Wallace, 1867
  • Euselates Thomson, 1880
  • Bates, 1889
  • Mikšic, 1976
  • van Lansberge, 1887
  • Mikšic, 1970
  • Thomson, 1880
    • Kraatz, 1892
    • Thomson, 1880
    • Miksic, 1972
  • Krikken, 1977
  • Thomson, 1880
  • Moser, 1910
  • Kraatz, 1892
  • Wallace, 1867
  • Kraatz, 1892
  • Pseudochalcothea Ritsema, 1882
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Bates, 1889
Gnorimella maculosa

Tribus Trichiini[]

Subtribus

  • Kolbe, 1895
  • Burmeister, 1847

Subtribus

  • Thomson, 1878
  • Inca Lepeletier & Serville, 1828
  • Burmeister, 1847

Subtribus

  • Osmoderma Lepeletier & Serville, 1825
  • Krikken, 1978

Subtribus

  • MacLeay, 1819

Subtribus

  • Miyake et al., 1991
  • Howden, 1968
  • Kraatz, 1890
  • Bourgoin, 1917
  • Blanchard, 1850
  • Kirby, 1827
  • Heller, 1921
  • Burmeister, 1840
  • Burmeister, 1841
  • Kolbe, 1891
  • Parry, 1849
  • Kolbe, 1892
  • Péringuey, 1907
  • Péringuey, 1907
  • Kolbe, 1892
  • Tagawa, 1941
  • Burmeister, 1840
  • Howden, 1988
  • Moser, 1924
  • Gnorimella Casey, 1915
  • Gnorimus Lepeletier & Serville, 1825
  • J. Thomson, 1858
  • Janson, 1907
  • Kolbe, 1892
  • Ruter, 1964
  • Burmeister, 1840
  • Becker, 1910
  • Janson, 1881
  • Howden, 1968
  • Bourgoin, 1921
  • Janson, 1880
  • Burmeister, 1840
  • Gory & Percheron, 1833
  • Bourgoin, 1919
  • Trichiotinus Casey, 1915
  • Trichius Fabricius, 1787
  • Trigonopeltastes Burmeister, 1840
  • Péringuey, 1907

Tribus Valgini[]

Subtribe

  • Kolbe, 1897
  • Kraatz, 1883
  • Kolbe, 1892

Subtribe

  • Kraatz, 1895
  • Paulian, 1961
  • Moser, 1914
  • Kolbe, 1904
  • Kolbe, 1897
  • Kolbe, 1897
  • Kolbe, 1897
  • Endrödi, 1952
  • Kolbe, 1904
  • Moser, 1908
  • Endrödi, 1952
  • Krikken, 1978
  • Kolbe, 1897
  • Kolbe, 1904
  • Kolbe, 1904
  • Arrow, 1910
  • Moser, 1914
  • Kolbe, 1897
  • Arrow, 1944
  • Kolbe, 1897
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Kolbe, 1904
  • Arrow, 1910
  • Kolbe, 1884
  • Kolbe, 1904
  • Kolbe, 1904
  • Fairmaire, 1899
  • Valgus Scriba, 1790
  • Arrow, 1910
  • Nomura, 1952

Tribus []

  • van Lansberge, 1886
  • Moser, 1916
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Krikken, 1978
  • Krikken, 1982
  • Bourgoin, 1920
  • Perissinotto, 2017
  • Krikken, 1982
  • Ruter, 1978
  • Krikken, 1978
  • Rhinocoeta Burmeister, 1842
  • Ruter, 1958
  • Burmeister, 1842
  • Holm, 1992

References[]

  1. ^ Bouchard, P.; Bousquet, Y.; Davies, A.; Alonso-Zarazaga, M.; Lawrence, J.; Lyal, C.; Newton, A.; Reid, C.; Schmitt, M.; Ślipiński, A.; Smith, A. (2011). "Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)". ZooKeys (88): 1–972. doi:10.3897/zookeys.88.807. PMC 3088472. PMID 21594053.
  2. ^ Shipley, A. E.; Marshall, Guy A. K., eds. (1910). The Fauna of British India. London, Calcutta and Bombay: Taylor and Francis. p. 201.
  3. ^ Ghorpade, K.D. (1975). "A remarkable predacious cetoniid, Spilophorus maculatus (Gory & Percheron), from southern India (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)". The Coleopterists Bulletin. 29 (4): 226–230. JSTOR 3999660.
  4. ^ Jeanne, Robert L. & J. H. Hunt (1992). "Beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) in a social wasp nest (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in India" (PDF). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 128: 139–141. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-10-28.
  5. ^ Cazier, M.A. & Marjorie Statham (1962). "The behaviour and habits of the myrmecophilous scarab, Cremastocheilus stathamae Cazier, with notes on other species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)". J. New York Ent. Soc. 70: 125–149.
  6. ^ "Subfamily Cetoniinae Leach, 1815". Retrieved 2010-12-29.
  • Bartlett, Troy, et al. BugGuide
  • Evans, Arthur W. Generic Guide to New World Scarabs
  • Orozco, Jesus. American Cetoniinae
  • Sakai, K. & S. Nagai, 1998. The cetoniine Beetles of the World. Tokyo: Mushi-Sha. 421p Excellent illustrations of most species.
  • White, Richard E. (1998). Beetles : A Field Guide to the Beetles of North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-91089-7.

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