Francisco Ciutat de Miguel

Francisco Ciutat de Miguel, known as Angelito (1909 – November 30, 1986),^[1] was a Spanish communist,^[2] lieutenant of infantry and commander.

Spanish Civil War[]

He fought the Battle of Santander, during the Spanish Civil War, in the summer of 1937 as a Chief of Operations of the Army of the North.^[3]

Outside Spain[]

After the end of the Spanish Civil War, de Miguel fled to the Soviet Union,^[2] where he joined the Voroshilov Academy and married Sofía Kokuina.^[4] He later participated as a foreign military advisor to the Cuban Army during the Bay of Pigs Invasion.^[1] He also assisted the Algerian Army against Morocco during the Sand War and participated in the Vietnam War.^[5]

He later returned to Spain in 1977 after the death of Francisco Franco.^[5]

Aliases[]

He had many aliases:

• Masonic name: Algazel
• Russian name: Pavel Pablovich Stepanov
• Cuban alias: Ángel Martínez Riosola^[6]
• Short name: Paco
• Commonly referred to as Angelito

Bibliography[]

• Relatos y reflexiones de la Guerra de España 1936-1939 - Francisco Ciutat de Miguel. Forma Ediciones. Madrid 1978. (in Spanish)

References[]

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