Frank Carlucci

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Frank Carlucci
Frank Carlucci official portrait.JPEG
16th United States Secretary of Defense
In office
November 23, 1987 – January 20, 1989
PresidentRonald Reagan
DeputyWilliam Taft
Preceded byCaspar Weinberger
Succeeded byDick Cheney
15th United States National Security Advisor
In office
December 2, 1986 – November 23, 1987
PresidentRonald Reagan
DeputyPeter Rodman
Colin Powell
Preceded byJohn Poindexter
Succeeded byColin Powell
18th United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
In office
February 4, 1981 – December 31, 1982
PresidentRonald Reagan
Preceded byGraham Claytor
Succeeded byPaul Thayer
13th Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
In office
February 5, 1978 – February 4, 1981
PresidentJimmy Carter
Ronald Reagan
Preceded byJohn F. Blake
Succeeded byBobby Inman
United States Ambassador to Portugal
In office
January 24, 1975 – February 5, 1978
PresidentGerald Ford
Jimmy Carter
Preceded byStuart Scott
Succeeded byRichard Bloomfield
4th Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity
In office
January 1971 – December 1972
PresidentRichard Nixon
Preceded byDonald Rumsfeld
Succeeded byPhillip V. Sanchez
Personal details
Born
Frank Charles Carlucci III

(1930-10-18)October 18, 1930
Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S.
DiedJune 3, 2018(2018-06-03) (aged 87)
McLean, Virginia, U.S.
Resting placeArlington National Cemetery[1]
Political partyRepublican
Spouse(s)
Jean Anthony
​
​
(m. 1954; div. 1974)​

Marcia Myers
​
(m. 1976)​
Children3 (2 with Anthony, 1 with Myers)
EducationPrinceton University (AB)
Harvard University (MBA)
Military service
Allegiance United States
Branch/service United States Navy
Years of service1952–1954
RankUS-O3 insignia.svg Lieutenant

Frank Charles Carlucci III GCIH (/ˌkɑːrˈluːtʃi/ kar-LOO-chee; October 18, 1930 – June 3, 2018) was an American politician and diplomat who served as the United States Secretary of Defense from 1987 to 1989 in the administration of President Ronald Reagan.[2]

Carlucci served in a variety of senior-level governmental positions, including Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity in the Richard Nixon administration, Deputy Director of the CIA in the Jimmy Carter administration, and Deputy Secretary of Defense and National Security Advisor in the Reagan administration.

Early life[]

Carlucci was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the son of Roxann (née Bacon) and Frank Charles Carlucci, Jr., an insurance broker. His father was of Italian and Swiss descent.[3] His grandfather was from Santomenna in Italy.[4] After graduating from Wyoming Seminary in 1948, Carlucci attended Princeton University, where he roomed with Donald Rumsfeld. He graduated with an A.B. from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University in 1952 after completing a 153-page long senior thesis titled "Two American Businesses in Costa Rica."[5] He then attended Harvard Business School for an M.B.A. in 1954–55.[6] He was a Naval officer from 1952 until 1954.[7] He joined the Foreign Service, working for the State Department from 1956 until 1969.[8]

Early career[]

In 1961, Carlucci was the second secretary at the United States Embassy in the Congo. During that time, Patrice Lumumba, the first prime minister of independent Congo, was executed in January 1961 during the Congo Crisis.[9]

According to subsequently released U.S. government documents, President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered the CIA to eliminate Lumumba.[9][10] Minutes of an August 1960 National Security Council meeting confirm that Eisenhower told CIA chief Allen Dulles to "eliminate" the Congolese leader.[11] The official note taker, Robert H. Johnson, testified to this before the Senate Intelligence Committee in 1975. However, subsequent investigations indicate that Lumumba was ultimately executed by order of political rival Moïse Tshombe of the State of Katanga with Belgian assistance.[9][12]

According to Robert B. Oakley, Carlucci befriended future Prime Minister of the Congo Cyrille Adoula in 1959-1960 when he was a Congolese Member of Parliament.[13] According to James Schlesinger, Adoula began a White House meeting with President John F. Kennedy with the question "Où est Carlucci?" ("Where is Carlucci?"). Kennedy first responded "Who the hell is Carlucci?'" and then sent Dean Rusk to find him.[14] Oakley added that that instance was "the beginning of Carlucci's meteoric rise!"[15]

A fictionalized 2000 biopic of Lumumba, titled Lumumba, and directed by Raoul Peck, portrayed Carlucci as being involved during his service in Congo in the murder of Lumumba.[14][16] Carlucci furiously denied the claims, and successfully went to court to prevent being named in the film when it was released in the United States.[14][16]

Service in Presidential administrations[]

Secretary Carlucci at a press conference, 1988

In 1969, when President Nixon persuaded U.S. Rep. Donald Rumsfeld to leave his congressional seat to become director of the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), the agency created by Sargent Shriver to fight President Johnson's War on Poverty, Rumsfeld had Carlucci transferred to OEO from the State Department to head up the Community Action Program.[17] Carlucci was Undersecretary of Health, Education and Welfare when Caspar Weinberger was secretary during the Nixon administration.[17]

Carlucci became Ambassador to Portugal, and served in this position from 1974 until 1977.[17] He was remembered in Portugal among the winners of the November 25 Coup d'État.[18] The Carlucci American International School of Lisbon, the oldest American school in the Iberian Peninsula, is named for him.

Carlucci was Deputy Director of the CIA from 1978 until 1981, under CIA Director Stansfield Turner.[8]

Department of Defense[]

Carlucci was United States Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1981 until 1983.[19] He later served as United States National Security Advisor from 1986 until 1987,[20] where he appointed Colin Powell, later his successor, as United States Deputy National Security Advisor.[21]

Carlucci became United States Secretary of Defense in 1987, following the resignation of Caspar Weinberger due to his involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair.[8] He served as Secretary of Defense until the end of the Reagan administration on January 20, 1989.[8][17] He was notable during the administration for advocating an arms build-up to hasten the end of the Cold War, a policy which Reagan followed.[17]

Post-Administration work[]

Business[]

Carlucci served as chairman of the Carlyle Group from 1992 until 2003, and chairman emeritus until 2005.[8][17] He had business interests in the following companies: Ashland Global Holdings, General Dynamics, Westinghouse, Neurogen, CB Commercial Real Estate, Nortel, BDM International, Quaker Oats, and Kaman.[22] Carlucci was at one time a director of the private security firm Wackenhut,[23] and was a co-founder and senior member of the Frontier Group, a private-equity investment firm.[24] Carlucci was an advisory board member of G2 Satellite Solutions and the Chairman Emeritus of Nortel Networks.[25]

Organizations[]

Carlucci was affiliated with the Project for the New American Century (PNAC), a conservative think tank.[26] He was Chairman Emeritus of the US-Taiwan Business Council having been Chairman from 1999 to 2002; he was succeeded in 2003 by William Cohen.[27][28] Carlucci was a member of the Board of Trustees of the RAND Corporation[29] and was founding co-chair of the Advisory Board for RAND's Center for Middle East Public Policy.[30] He was also a member of the Honorary Board of the Drug Policy Alliance, a group which advocates drug legalization.[31]

Personal life and death[]

Carlucci was married to Billie Jean Anthony from 1954 until the couple divorced in 1974.[32] They had two children.[32] Carlucci was later married to Marcia McMillan Myers from 1976 until his death. They had one daughter.[32]

Carlucci died on June 3, 2018, from complications of Parkinson's disease, at his home in McLean, Virginia, at the age of 87.[7][8]

Honors[]

References[]

  1. ^ Frank Carlucci III Notice
  2. ^ "Frank C. Carlucci – Ronald Reagan Administration". Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
  3. ^ Mazur, Suzan (June 30, 2005). "Suzan Mazur: Frank Carlucci I, "Sublime Prince"". Scoop News. Archived from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  4. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 17, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. ^ Carlucci, Frank Charles (1952). "Two American Businesses in Costa Rica". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ "Frank Carlucci, Carlyle chairman who led Pentagon, dies at 87". Pensions and Investments. June 4, 2018. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b Nelan, Bruce (June 4, 2018). "Frank Carlucci, defense secretary and tamer of federal bureaucracies, dies at 87". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Frank C. Carlucci, Diplomat and Defense Secretary to Reagan, Dies at 87". June 4, 2018. Archived from the original on June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018 – via NYTimes.com.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c David Akerman (October 21, 2000). "Who Killed Lumumba?". BBC. Archived from the original on July 16, 2015. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
  10. ^ Michael S. Mayer (2009). The Eisenhower Years. Infobase Publishing. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-8160-5387-2. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
  11. ^ Kettle, Martin (August 10, 2000). "President 'ordered murder' of Congo leader". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  12. ^ Witte, Ludo de (2002). The Assassination of Lumumba. Verso. p. 78. ISBN 1859844103. Retrieved April 17, 2018 – via Google Books.
  13. ^ Kennedy, Charles Stuart; Stern, Thomas (July 7, 1992). "AMBASSADOR ROBERT B. OAKLEY" (PDF). Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. pp. 16–17. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b c Shorrock, Tim (March 14, 2002). "Company Man". The Nation. Archived from the original on September 21, 2002. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
  15. ^ Kennedy, Charles Stuart; Stern, Thomas (July 7, 1992). "AMBASSADOR ROBERT B. OAKLEY" (PDF). Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. p. 17. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b ""Carlucci" bleeped from HBO version of Lumumba". WSWS. March 15, 2002. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Frank Carlucci, Carlyle Chairman Who Led Pentagon, Dies at 87". Bloomberg. June 4, 2018. Archived from the original on June 4, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  18. ^ Frank Carlucci parecia "um típico mafioso italiano" Archived July 7, 2012, at archive.today, João Pedro Henriques, 13 de Novembro 2008
  19. ^ SecDef stories - Frank C. Carlucci Archived December 20, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Department of Defense
  20. ^ "Frank C. Carlucci". history.defense.gov. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2018. Frank C. Carlucci, who had served as Caspar Weinberger's deputy secretary between 1981 and 1983, succeeded him as secretary of defense.
  21. ^ Bamford, James (January 18, 1987). "Carlucci and the N.S.C." The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  22. ^ "BDM International". Brand.Edgar. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  23. ^ "Frank Carlucci Demands His $37 Million". Courthouse News. May 30, 2013. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  24. ^ "Frank C. Carlucci Biography". Bloomberg. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  25. ^ "Frank C. Carlucci". CSIS. Archived from the original on July 1, 2017. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  26. ^ B.W.Holmes (December 2004). "Partial list of people associated with the Project For The New American Century". Reasoned spirituality. Archived from the original on December 25, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  27. ^ "About the Council". US-Taiwan Business Council. Archived from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  28. ^ Conley, Richard S. (2017). Historical Dictionary of the Reagan-Bush Era (2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 50. ISBN 978-1538101810. Archived from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  29. ^ "The Carluccis Support RAND's Commitment to Follow the Research Wherever It Leads". RAND. Archived from the original on April 19, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  30. ^ "Frank Charles Carlucci III". SourceWatch. Archived from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  31. ^ DPA 2010 Annual Report, p. 22.
  32. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Frank Carlucci". NNDB. Archived from the original on June 3, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  33. ^ "Cidadãos Estrangeiros Agraciados com Ordens Portuguesas". Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas. Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved March 20, 2019.

External links[]

Political offices
Preceded by
Donald Rumsfeld 		Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity
1971–1972 		Succeeded by
Philip Sanchez
Preceded by
Graham Claytor 		United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
1981–1983 		Succeeded by
Paul Thayer
Preceded by
John Poindexter 		National Security Advisor
1986–1987 		Succeeded by
Colin Powell
Preceded by
Caspar Weinberger 		United States Secretary of Defense
1987–1989 		Succeeded by
Dick Cheney
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
Stuart Scott 		United States Ambassador to Portugal
1975–1978 		Succeeded by
Richard Bloomfield
Government offices
Preceded by
John Francis Blake 		Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
1978–1981 		Succeeded by
Bobby Inman
Retrieved from ""