Frederick Challener

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Frederick Sproston Challener
Born
Frederick Sproston Challener

(1869-07-07)July 7, 1869
Whetstone, Middlesex, England
DiedSeptember 30, 1959(1959-09-30) (aged 90)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
NationalityCanada
Other namesF.S. Challener;
Frederick S. Challener
EducationCentral Ontario School of Art
OccupationMuralist, painter, draftsman, commercial artist, teacher
Spouse(s)Ethel White (m. 1902)

Frederick Sproston Challener RCA (1869–1959), also known as F.S. Challener,[1] was a Canadian painter of murals as well as an easel painter of oils and watercolours and a draftsman in black-and-white and pastel. He also did illustrations for books and commercial art.

Biography[]

Early years[]

Challener was born in Whetstone, Middlesex, England.[2] His father was the cabinetmaker, Edwin Challener.[3] Frederick Challener moved with his family to Canada in 1870, returned to England in 1876 to attend school, then came back to Canada in 1883. He worked as an office boy for a business firm and drew individuals he saw from a window. Artist and photographer, John Arthur Fraser, of the Notman and Fraser firm, recognized his talent and paid for him to attend the Ontario School of Art at night (from 1884 to 1886). Afterwards, Challener studied privately with George Agnew Reid while working for the Toronto Lithographing Company. Later, he became a newspaper artist.[4]

Career[]

After travelling through Europe and the Middle East in 1898–1899, Challener began working as a muralist and participated in the decoration of the recently completed Toronto City Hall. He created murals for hotels, such as Fort Rouillé in Toronto's King Edward Hotel (1900) and Winnipeg's Royal Alexandra Hotel (1906-1912) (the four surviving panels are in the Manitoba Archives);[5] theatres, including the Russell Opera House in Ottawa (opened in 1901) (one of the roundels and the maquette have are in the National Gallery of Canada), the Royal Alexandra Theatre in Toronto (1906); and office buildings, restaurants, and passenger boats such as the S.S. Kingston, the S.S. Toronto and the S.S. Montreal (c. 1900).[6][1][7] For the Parkwood Estate, the home of Colonel Robert Samuel McLaughlin, from 1924 to 1926, he did murals for McLaughlin's billiard room which showed the Colonel and his family`s favorite sports and the Enchanted Wood, three large murals for the Grand Hall of the residence.[4]

In painting murals, Challener was part of a chapter in Canadian Art called Decorative Painting based on William Morris`s Arts and Crafts movement.[5] In Canada, the Arts and Crafts Society of Canada was founded by George Agnew Reid and others in 1903. It became the Canadian Society of Applied Art in 1905, and combined with a City Beautiful movement to encourage murals in civic and commercial establishments.[5] In Toronto, the Society of Mural Decorators was founded in 1897 by Reid, Challener, William Cruikshank and Edmund Wyly Grier.[5] Many artists, both before and after the society was formed, executed murals, only Challener did it more than others. "He has produced some very clever and important decorations", wrote E. F. B. Johnston in 1914.[8] (Johnston used "clever" in a positive sense. On the same page of text, he praised Challener as having "perhaps the keenest sense of light and brilliancy of colour of any of the Canadian painters").[8]

In 1891, Challener first exhibited with the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts and he showed with the Academy almost every year thereafter until 1948.[9] He was elected to full membership in 1899. The Montreal Gazette wrote of Challener on April 19 of that year that his work entitles him to a place among the foremost of Canadian artists since it is, in the main, "serious and sincere".[10]

Painting by Challener
A Singing Lesson, 1900

In 1900, the work he showed at the Royal Canadian Academy, A Singing Lesson (1900; also shown in the Art Association of Montreal and in the Rochester Art Club Annual Exhibition in 1902) (a model for the man in the mirror was Challener's close friend of his early years Walter Allward)[11] was singled out for praise. In reviews published in 1900, the Ottawa Citizen wrote that the picture, "showing a young lady, clad in a yellow gown, standing before a piano, expressed, gracefully, an abundance of sentiment",[12] while the Ottawa Evening Journal wrote that the painting was "fresh, daring, and finished" and called Challener "one of Canada’s most promising and original artists."[13]

At the Pan-American Exposition of 1901 in Buffalo he was awarded a bronze medal and in 1904, he received a bronze medal at the Canadian exhibition at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, informally known as the St. Louis World's Fair, at St. Louis, Missouri.[14] He received the bronze medal at the Pan American Exhibition for his painting The Workers of the Fields which he deposited in the Royal Canadian Academy diploma collection in the National Gallery of Canada.[4] He worked in Toronto, but moved to Conestoga near Waterloo, in 1907, to Winnipeg from 1913 to 1916, then back to Toronto.[15]

Painting by Challener
Canada's Grand Armada, 1918

During WWI, Challener worked as a painter for the Canadian War Memorials Department.[4] His painting Canada's Grand Armada depicts the first contingent of the Canadian Expeditionary Force sailing from the Gaspé in Quebec to Britain in 1914. The painting is in the collection of the Canadian War Museum.[16]

From 1921-24, he taught at Central Technical School, Toronto, and from 1927 to 1952, he taught at the Ontario School of Art.[4][15] During these years, he accumulated archival material on Canadian art which today is in the Edward P. Taylor Library & Archives of the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto.[17]

Challener died in Toronto on September 30, 1959, at the age of 90.[18]

Public Collections[]

Challener's paintings are in the collection of the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa;[2] the Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto;[15] the Government of Ontario Art Collection, Toronto;[19] the MacKenzie Art Gallery, Regina; the Robert McLaughlin Gallery, Oshawa;[20] and the Winnipeg Art Gallery.[21]

Publications[]

  • F. S. Challener, "Mural Decoration". Canadian Architect and Builder, vol. 17, no. 5 (May, 1904), pp. 90-92.

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "Two immense canvases from brush of Mr. F. S. Challener". The Gazette. March 18, 1905. p. 4. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b "Frederick Challener". National Gallery of Canada. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  3. ^ Hill, Biographies 2015, p. 289.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e MacDonald, Colin S. (1967). A Dictionary of Canadian Artists, Volume 2 (1st ed.). Ottawa: Canadian Paperbacks. p. 124. ISBN 0-919554-11-3. OCLC 1137593.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Foss 2010, p. 31-34.
  6. ^ Rozniatowski, Susan Moffatt. "A Fallen Splendour: The Challener Murals of Winnipeg's Royal Alexandra Hotel". mb_history. Manitoba History, No. 42, Autumn/Winter 2001-2002. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
  7. ^ Charles E. McFadden, "The Murals of F. S. Challener". Canadian Art XX, November/December 1963, pp. 340-344
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b Johnston, E.F.B. "Canada and its Provinces, vol. 12, p. 623". archive.org. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
  9. ^ McMann, Evelyn de R. (1981). Royal Canadian Academy of Arts: Exhibitions and Members, 1880-1970. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 67–69. ISBN 9780802023667. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
  10. ^ "At the Art Gallery: Some of the Works of F.S. Challener, R.C.A." Montreal Gazette. news.google.com. April 19, 1899. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  11. ^ Dombowsky, Philip. "Walter Allward". www.aci-iac.ca. Art Canada Institute. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  12. ^ "Triumphs of the artists' brush on exhibition". The Ottawa Citizen. February 16, 1900. p. 3. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  13. ^ "A visit to the Royal Art Academy". The Ottawa Journal. February 17, 1900. p. 9. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  14. ^ Williamson, Moncrieff. "Robert Harris: An Unconventional Biography". search.library.utoronto.ca. McClelland & Stewart, Toronto. p. 180-183. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b c Bradfield, Helen Pepall (1970). Art Gallery of Ontario: The Canadian Collection. Toronto: McGraw-Hill. p. 70. ISBN 0-07-092504-6. OCLC 118037.
  16. ^ Challener, Frederick Sproston (1918). "Painting, Canada's Grand Armada, 1914". Canadian War Museum. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  17. ^ "Frederick S. Challener Collection CA OTAG SC013" (PDF). ago.ca. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
  18. ^ "Mural artist, F. S. Challener Dies at 90". The Ottawa Citizen. October 1, 1959. p. 50. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  19. ^ Challener, F. S. "Government of Ontario art collection database". ao.minisisinc.com. Government of Ontario. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
  20. ^ Challener, Frederick Sproston. "Ducks and Reflections on a River". rmg.minisisinc.com. Robert McLaughlin Gallery, Oshawa. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  21. ^ Four Challener murals: [exhibition] at the Winnipeg Art Gallery. Winnipeg: Winnipeg Art Gallery. June 18 – July 15, 1973. Retrieved June 7, 2020.

Bibliography[]

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