Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden
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| Frederick II | |||||
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| Grand Duke of Baden | |||||
| Reign | 28 September 1907 – 22 November 1918 | ||||
| Predecessor | Frederick I | ||||
| Successor | Monarchy abolished | ||||
| Born | 9 July 1857 Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden | ||||
| Died | 9 August 1928 (aged 71) Badenweiler, Weimar Republic | ||||
| Spouse | |||||
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| House | Zähringen | ||||
| Father | Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden | ||||
| Mother | Princess Louise of Prussia | ||||
Frederick II (9 July 1857 – 9 August 1928) was the last sovereign Grand Duke of Baden, reigning from 1907 until the abolition of the German monarchies in 1918. The state of Baden originated from the area of the Grand Duchy. In 1951–1952, it became part of the new state of Baden-Württemberg.
Life[]
Frederick was born on 9 July 1857, in Karlsruhe in the state of Baden-Württemberg to Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden and Princess Louise of Prussia.
As a student at the University of Heidelberg, Frederick was a member of the Suevia Corps, a student fraternal organization. Frederick became the head of the House of Zähringen on 28 September 1907, after the death of his father Frederick I, who was the sovereign Grand Duke of Baden reigning from 1856 to 1907. He abdicated on 22 November 1918, amidst the tumults of the German Revolution of 1918–19 which resulted in the abolition of the Grand Duchy. After the death of his cousin Carola of Vasa, he became the representative of the descent of the Kings of Sweden of the House of Holstein-Gottorp. On 20 September 1885 in Schloss Hohenburg, he married Princess Hilda of Nassau, the only daughter of the exiled Duke Adolphe of Nassau who later succeeded as Grand Duke of Luxembourg. There was no surviving issue from the marriage.
He was à la suite the Royal Prussian Regiments Erstes Garde-Regiment zu Fuß (1st Guard Foot Regiment) and 1. Garde-Ulanen-Regiment and à la suite the Imperial 1st Seebataillon.
- 1875 : Sekondeleutnant (= Leutnant)
- 1881 : Premierleutnant (= Oberleutnant)
- 1882 : Hauptmann
- 1884 : Major
- 1889 : Oberst
- 1891 : Generalmajor
- 1893 : Generalleutnant
- 1897 : General der Infanterie
- 1905 : Generaloberst with the rank of Generalfeldmarschall
After his death in 1928, the headship of the house was transferred over to his first cousin who was the last Chancellor of Imperial Germany, Prince Maximilian of Baden.
Honours and awards[]
- German orders and decorations[1]
Baden:
- Knight of the House Order of Fidelity[2]
- Knight of the Order of Berthold the First[3]
- Friedrich-Luise Medal
- Jubilee Medal for 1902
- Commemorative Medal for the Golden Jubilee of Grand Duke Friedrich I and Grand Duchess Luise
Anhalt: Grand Cross of Albert the Bear, 1889[4]
Bavaria: Knight of St. Hubert, 1885[5]
Brunswick: Grand Cross of Henry the Lion
Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, 1879[6]
Hesse and by Rhine: Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 29 December 1874[7]
Mecklenburg: Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown, with Crown in Ore
Nassau: Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau
Oldenburg: Grand Cross of Honour of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 1877[8]
Saxony: Knight of the Rue Crown[9]
Schaumburg-Lippe: Cross of Honour of the House Order of Lippe, 1st Class
Waldeck-Pyrmont: Cross of Merit, 1st Class
Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown, 1875[10]
Prussia:
- Knight of the Black Eagle, 9 July 1875; with Collar, 1877[11]
- Grand Cross of the Red Eagle
- Grand Commander of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern
- Iron Cross (1914), 2nd and 1st Classes
- Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Medal
- Service Award Cross
- Commemorative Medal for the Silver Wedding of Kaiser Wilhelm II and Empress Augusta, 27 February 1906
Hohenzollern: Cross of Honour of the Princely House Order of Hohenzollern, 1st Class
- Foreign orders and decorations[1]
Austria-Hungary:
- Grand Cross of St. Stephen, 1885[12]
- Military Jubilee Cross, 14 August 1908
Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold
Empire of Brazil: Grand Cross of the Southern Cross
Denmark: Knight of the Elephant, 13 October 1897[9][13]
Kingdom of Italy: Knight of the Annunciation, 10 September 1897[14]
Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion
Kingdom of Romania:
- Grand Cross of the Order of Carol I, with Collar
- Grand Cross of the Star of Romania
Russian Empire: Knight of St. Andrew
Sweden-Norway:
- Knight of the Seraphim, with Collar, 20 September 1881[9][15]
- Grand Cross of St. Olav, 27 September 1897[16]
United Kingdom: Honorary Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, 16 June 1905[17]
- Honorary military appointments
- Honorary General of the Swedish Army, 1906[18]
Ancestry[]
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References[]
- ^ a b Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1910), "Großherzogliches Haus", pp. 1-2
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch ... Baden (1876), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 57
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch ... Baden (1880), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 72
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtums Anhalt (1894), "Herzogliche Haus-Orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 17
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern (1908), "Königliche Orden", p. 7
- ^ Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1890), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 46
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 12
- ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16
- ^ a b c Justus Perthes, Almanach de Gotha (1921) p. 12
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 28
- ^ "Schwarzer Adler-orden", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), 1, Berlin, 1886, p. 7
- ^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 463. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2.
- ^ Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1900). Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia. Unione tipografico-editrice. p. 54.
- ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1925, p. 807, retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org
- ^ "Den kongelige norske Sanct Olavs Orden", Norges Statskalender (in Norwegian), 1908, p. 869-870, retrieved 17 September 2021
- ^ "The London Gazette, Issue: 27807 Page: 4251" (PDF). The London Gazette. Retrieved 7 August 2019.
- ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1915, p. 201, retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org
External links[]
- Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden in Stadtwiki Karlsruhe (City wiki of Karlsruhe), German
Authority control  | |
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| General | |
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Categories:
- House of Zähringen
- Protestant monarchs
- Nobility from Karlsruhe
- 1857 births
- 1928 deaths
- Heidelberg University alumni
- Grand Dukes of Baden
- Hereditary Princes of Baden
- Monarchs who abdicated
- Colonel generals of Prussia
- 19th-century Prussian military personnel
- Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
- Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order