French ship Union (1799)

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Achille mp3h9307.jpg
Scale model of Achille, sister ship of French ship Union (1799), on display at the Musée national de la Marine in Paris.
History
French Navy EnsignFrance
NameUnion
Launched1799
RenamedDiomède 1803
Fate
  • Wrecked 6 February 1806
  • Burned 8 February 1806
General characteristics
Class and typeTéméraire class ship of the line
Displacement
  • 2966 tonnes
  • 5260 tonnes fully loaded
Length55.87 metres (183.3 ft) (172 pied)
Beam14.90 metres (48 ft 11 in)
Draught7.26 metres (23.8 ft) (22 pied)
PropulsionUp to 2,485 m2 (26,750 sq ft) of sails
Armament

Union was a Téméraire class 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy built at Lorient and launched in 1799. She was renamed Diomède in 1803.

During the War of the Third Coalition, Diomède was part of a French force that sailed from Brest, France, on 13 December 1805 for what was planned as a 14-month cruise to attack British merchant shipping while avoiding combat with major Royal Navy forces.[1][2] On 15 December 1805, the French force split into two squadrons which proceeded independently from one another.[1] Diomède was part of the squadron under the overall command of Vice-Admiral Corentin-Urbain Leissègues, which headed across the Atlantic Ocean bound for the Caribbean.[1] During the voyage, Diomède suffered serious damage in a storm off the Azores in late December 1805.[3][4] She arrived with most of the squadron at French-held Santo Domingo on Hispaniola on 20 January 1806, where Leissègues ordered the ships to be recaulked after their long and difficult transatlantic voyage.[4][5]

On the morning of 6 February 1806, a Royal Navy squadron under the command of Vice-Admiral Sir John Thomas Duckworth arrived off Santo Domingo to attack Leissègues's force.[6] Although several of Leissègues's ships were not yet ready for sea,[7] Leissègues ordered them to get underway and sail westward along the coast of Hispaniola toward Nizao.[8] In the resulting Battle of San Domingo, the French squadron maintained close formation, and the five French ships of the line formed a line of battle with Diomède third in line behind Alexandre and Impérial and ahead of Jupiter and Brave.[6] Duckworth ordered his squadron to concentrate fire on the three leading French ships of the line,[6] and accordingly the British 74-gun third-rate ship of the line HMS Spencer opened fire on Impérial and Diomède simultaneously.[9] As the engagement at the head of the French line became confused, with ships of the two sides intermingled and smoke restricting visibility, Diomède came across the 98-gun second-rate ship of the line HMS Atlas and fired a heavy broadside into her, after which Atlas engaged her an close range.[10][11] Spencer also resumed firing at Diomède.[10] Impérial turned toward shore and Diomède followed her, and late in the morning both ships ran aground parallel to the beach on a reef 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) off the coast of Hispaniola between Nizao and , suffering severe hull damage and losing all of their masts.[12][13] As the British ships moved out of gunnery range, the crews of Diomède and Impérial assembled on deck to abandon ship.[13] Diomède had suffered about 250 casualties.[14][15]

Leissègues ordered Diomède and Impérial burned as soon as their crews had completed their abandonment of the ships,[16] but before that order could be carried out, boat crews from the fifth-rate frigates HMS Acasta and HMS Magicienne boarded them on 8 February 1806 and captured them without meeting any resistance.[17] The British boarding party took 150 prisoners aboard Diomède including her commanding officer, Captain , and then burned her wreck.[14][15]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c Clowes, p. 184.
  2. ^ Gardner, p. 20.
  3. ^ Clowes, p. 189.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b James, Vol. IV, p. 198.
  5. ^ Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman (1837). The Annual Biography and Obituary 1835, Volume 29. Fisher, Son and Jackson. p. 47.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c Clowes, p. 189.
  7. ^ James, Vol. IV, p. 190.
  8. ^ "No. 15902". The London Gazette. 24 March 1806. p. 371.
  9. ^ James, Vol. IV, p. 191.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b Clowes, p. 191.
  11. ^ Gardner, p. 24.
  12. ^ Clowes, p. 192.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b James, Vol. IV, p. 193.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b James, Vol. IV, pp. 196–197.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b "No. 15902". The London Gazette. 24 March 1806. pp. 371–374.
  16. ^ James, Vol. IV, p. 198.
  17. ^ James, Vol. IV, p. 197.

Bibliography[]

  • Clowes, William Laird (1997) [1900]. The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume V. Chatham Publishing. ISBN 1-86176-014-0.
  • Gardiner, Robert, ed (2001) [1998]. The Victory of Seapower. Caxton Editions. ISBN 1-84067-359-1.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  • James, William (2002) [1827]. The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 4, 1805–1807. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-908-5.

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