Friedrich Frisius
Friedrich Frisius | |
---|---|
Born | Bad Salzuflen | 17 January 1895
Died | 30 August 1970 Lingen | (aged 75)
Allegiance | Nazi Germany |
Service/ | Kriegsmarine |
Years of service | 1913–45 |
Rank | Vizeadmiral |
Commands held | Fortress commander Dunkirk |
Awards | German Cross in Gold |
Friedrich Frisius (17 January 1895 – 30 August 1970) was a German naval commander of World War II.
Life[]
Born in 1895 in Bad Salzuflen, Frisius entered the German Navy as a cadet in 1913 and was trained on the protected cruiser Victoria Louise just before the outbreak of the First World War. During the war he put in service on torpedo boats and cruisers and was promoted to Lieutenant, and in the inter-war period he commanded a torpedo boat as well as an assignment from 1919 to 1923 on the Baltic coastal defences, maintaining law and order in Germany itself and putting down Communist uprisings. He also joined the Abwehr's Foreign Department at the Reich Defence Ministry from 1929 to 1931 and from 1935 onwards (with a break to command two ships and for a role at the Naval Academy Mürwik).
By 1939 he was a staff-officer of the Hamburg Kriegsmarine Service Centre (one of the other Kriegsmarinedienststellen, which were responsible for troop movements and the use of merchant shipping for the war office), and later moved to the Boulogne Service Centre. He remained in the area as commander of the Boulogne's coastal defences, from 26 January 1941 onwards. From 16 December 1941 to 28 October 1944, he took over command of the defences of the whole Pas de Calais, though these were non-existent by 15 September 1944, when he was moved to command the Fortress of Dunkirk (Festung Duenkirchen). He was in command of German forces there throughout its long siege in 1944-45 (being promoted to Vizeadmiral (vice admiral) on 30 September 1944), and signed its unconditional surrender at the end of the war. He was held as a POW at Island Farm, the Special Camp 11 at Bridgend, from then until his release on 6 October 1947.
He died in Lingen in 1970.
Frisius is best remembered for his tenacious and effective defense of Dunkirk. Against a background of accelerating strategic collapse by the Germans, he maintained a level of morale and effectiveness in his troops resembling that of the much more capable pre-1943 Wehrmacht. The last German offensive operation in France was Frisius's counterattack against the encircling Allied troops on the night of 26/27 September 1944; while ultimately unsuccessful, it was strong enough to cause the Allies significant difficulties at the time. Dunkirk held out until 4 May 1945, just days before the general German surrender, and did not formally capitulate until the 9th.
Handbill from Allied aircraft thrown over the positions of German troops in Dunkirk in the month of April or in the very first days of May 1945. Pdf-file in two pages, original recto/verso :
WARNUNG ! An die deutschen Truppen in DÜNKIRCHEN ! Eure letzte Gelegenheit, Euch der Heeresgruppe Montgomery anzuschliessen, ist bald vorüber. Zeigt weisse Fahnen über Euren Stellungen ! Zur Besprechung der Übergabe wird Admiral Frisius oder ein beglaubigter Vertreter durch die alliierten Linien gelassen. ZG 130
Awards and decorations[]
- Iron Cross (1914) 2nd and 1st Class
- Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class
- German Cross in Gold (16 September 1944)<ref>Patzwall Scherzer 2001, p. 124.
- [[Marineartillerie-Kriegsabz (30.9.1944) Festung Duenkirchen
References[]
- Citations
- Bibliography
- Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
External links[]
- Short biography
- VHU Praha : handbill also archived in Prague. Document "WARNUNG ! An die deutschen Truppen in Dünkirchen ! ..."
- 1895 births
- 1970 deaths
- People from Bad Salzuflen
- People from the Principality of Lippe
- Vice admirals of the Kriegsmarine
- German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United Kingdom
- Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class
- Recipients of the Gold German Cross
- Imperial German Navy personnel of World War I
- Reichsmarine personnel
- 20th-century Freikorps personnel