Fritillaria affinis
| Fritillaria affinis | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Liliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Lilioideae |
| Tribe: | Lilieae |
| Genus: | Fritillaria |
| Species: | F. affinis
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| Binomial name | |
| Fritillaria affinis | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Fritillaria affinis, the chocolate lily, is a highly variable species of flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae, native to western North America, in California, Klamath Ranges, the north coast ranges, Cascade Ranges, north Sierra Nevada foothills, and the San Francisco Bay Area, north to British Columbia, Oregon, Washington, Montana and Idaho.[3]
It grows from a bulb, which resembles a small mass of rice grains. The stems are 10–120 cm tall. The flowers are produced in the spring, nodding, 1–4 cm, yellowish or greenish brown with a lot of yellow mottling to purplish black with little mottling, or yellow-green mottled with purple. The leaves are in whorls.[4]
Its habitat includes oak or pine scrub or open woods and thickets near the coast.
There are two varieties:
- Fritillaria affinis var. affinis: This is the more common and widespread variant, occurring throughout the plant's range. It can be differentiated from var. tristulis by its stronger mottling pattern. Its bulb has 2 to 20 small scales.
- Fritillaria affinis var. tristulis: This variant is much less widespread; it is found only in Marin County on the north coast of California. It has a much more subtle mottling pattern and is generally darker overall. Its bulb has 60 to 100 small scales.[5]
Cultivation and uses[]
Prefers low to mid-elevation, shade or part shade, dry summer dormancy, good drainage. Some sources say that it may be difficult to cultivate, but other sources say that it is one of the easiest fritillaries to grow. The roots or bulbs can be eaten raw or cooked.[6] Historically, the bulbs of this plant were eaten steamed by Salish Native American peoples, including the Squamish, Sechelt, Halq'emeylem and Straits Salish.[7]
Regional Parks Botanic Garden, Berkeley, California
See also[]
References[]
- ^ "Fritillaria Affinis". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 2018-04-01.
- ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, synonyms for Fritillaria affinis var. affinis
- ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Fritillaria affinis
- ^ Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2002. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Flora of North America 26: i–xxvi, 1–723.
- ^ "North American Fritillarias". Pacific Bulb Society. 29 June 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
- ^ Benoliel, Doug (2011). Northwest Foraging: The Classic Guide to Edible Plants of the Pacific Northwest (Rev. and updated ed.). Seattle, WA: Skipstone. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-59485-366-1. OCLC 668195076.
- ^ Pojar, Jim; MacKinnon, Andy (1994). Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia, and Alaska. Vancouver, BC: Lone Pine Publishing. p. 110. ISBN 1-55105-040-4.
External links[]
Media related to Fritillaria affinis at Wikimedia Commons
- Treatment from the Jepson Manual
- Harlow, Nora, Jakob, Kristin, and Raiche, Roger (2003) Wild Lilies, Irises, and Grasses. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23849-4.
- CalFlora Taxon Report
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- NatureServe secure species
- Edible plants
- Fritillaria
- Flora of North America
- Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
- Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
- Plants described in 1829
- Liliales stubs