Fritz Frauenheim

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fritz Frauenheim
Fritz Frauenheim.jpg
Born(1912-03-09)9 March 1912
Berlin-Friedenau
Died28 September 1969(1969-09-28) (aged 57)
Hamburg
Allegiance Weimar Republic (to 1933)
 Nazi Germany
Service/branch Reichsmarine
 Kriegsmarine
Years of service1930–45
RankFregattenkapitän
Unit2nd U-boat Flotilla
1st U-boat Flotilla
7th U-boat Flotilla
23rd U-boat Flotilla
29th U-boat Flotilla
Commands heldU-21, 1 October 1937 - 6 January 1940
U-101, 11 March 1940 - 18 November 1940
AwardsSpanish Cross
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Other workOil industry

Fritz Frauenheim (9 January 1912 – 28 September 1969) was a German U-boat commander of the Second World War. From September 1939 until retiring from front line service in December 1940, he sank 19 ships for a total of 78,853 gross register tons (GRT), and damaged two others. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), among other commendations. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership.

Early life[]

Frauenheim was born in Berlin-Friedenau on 9 March 1912. He entered the navy and spent his initial training on the cadet ship Schleswig-Holstein, followed by a period on the light cruiser Karlsruhe. He was transferred to the U-boat force in January 1936 and rose quickly through the ranks and on 1 April 1939 he was promoted to Kapitänleutnant.[1] He appears to have spent time with the German forces supporting the Spanish Nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War, as he was awarded the Spanish Cross on 6 June 1939.[1]

Wartime career[]

Frauenheim had been made watch officer on U-25 in 1938, eventually spending over a year in this role, until October 1939.[1] He was appointed to command U-21 on 1 October 1937, eventually carrying out five patrols, eventually sinking four merchant ships. He also laid mines, one of which damaged HMS Belfast on 21 November, putting her out of action for nearly three years.[1] The Net-class boom defence vessel Bayonet was sunk by one of U-21’s mines on 21 December.[1]

Frauenheim left U-21 on 6 January 1940, taking over command of the newly built U-101 on 11 March 1940. He commissioned the boat and took her on four successful patrols. He sank a total of 12 ships, including three sunk and one damaged from convoy SC 7.[1] He left U-101 on 18 November 1940 and became a teacher in the 2nd ULD. He went on to hold a number of staff positions, before taking command of 23rd U-boat Flotilla in the Mediterranean in September 1941. In 1942 he moved to command 29th U-boat Flotilla. On 1 March 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän.[1] In February 1944 Frauenheim joined the staff of the Admiral der Kleinkampfverbände (Admiral of Small Battle Units), where he remained for the rest of the war. He was again promoted, this time to Fregattenkapitän on 1 December 1944.[1]

Post war[]

After the end of the war Frauenheim spent eight months in Allied captivity before being released.[1] Frauenheim for almost 20 years until his death worked at the Mobil Oil AG in the Federal Republic of Germany. His last position was a member of the board and head of the department of Marine Transportation and Pipelines.[2] He died in Hamburg on 28 September 1969, aged 57.

Summary of career[]

Ships attacked[]

As commander of U-21 and U-101 Fritz Frauenheim is credited with the sinking of 18 ships for a total of 78,248 gross register tons (GRT), further damaging one ship of 4,166 GRT, sinking one auxiliary warship of 605 GRT, and damaging one warship of 11,500 long tons (11,700 tonnes).

Date U-boat Name Nationality Tonnage
(GRT) 		Fate[3]
21 November 1939 U-21 HMS Belfast  Royal Navy 11,500 Damaged (mine)
1 December 1939 U-21 Mercator  Finland 4,620 Sunk
21 December 1939 U-21 Carl Henckel  Sweden 1,352 Sunk
21 December 1939 U-21 HMS Bayonet  Royal Navy 605 Sunk (mine)
21 December 1939 U-21 Mars  Sweden 1,475 Sunk
31 January 1940 U-21 Vidar  Denmark 1,353 Sunk
24 February 1940 U-21 Royal Archer  United Kingdom 2,266 Sunk (mine)
26 May 1940 U-101 Stanhall  United Kingdom 4,831 Sunk
31 May 1940 U-101 Orangemoor  United Kingdom 5,775 Sunk
2 June 1940 U-101 Polycarp  United Kingdom 3,577 Sunk
11 June 1940 U-101 Mount Hymettus  Greece 5,820 Sunk
12 June 1940 U-101 Earlspark  United Kingdom 5,250 Sunk
14 June 1940 U-101 Antonis Georgandis  Greece 3,557 Sunk
16 June 1940 U-101 Wellington Star  United Kingdom 13,212 Sunk
19 August 1940 U-101 Ampleforth  United Kingdom 4,576 Sunk
28 August 1940 U-101 Elle  Finland 3,868 Sunk
1 September 1940 U-101 Efploia  Greece 3,867 Sunk
12 October 1940 U-101 Saint-Malo  Canada 5,799 Sunk
18 October 1940 U-101 Blairspey  United Kingdom 4,155 Damaged
18 October 1940 U-101 Creekirk  United Kingdom 3,917 Sunk
19 October 1940 U-101 Assyrian  United Kingdom 2,962 Sunk
19 October 1940 U-101 Soesterberg  Netherlands 1,904 Sunk

Awards[]

Promotions[]

10 October 1930: Seekadett (Midshipman)[8]
1 January 1932: Fähnrich zur See (Officer Cadet)[8]
1 April 1934: Oberfähnrich zur See (Senior Ensign)[8]
1 October 1934: Leutnant zur See (Second Lieutenant)[8]
1 June 1936: Oberleutnant zur See (First Lieutenant)[8]
1 April 1939: Kapitänleutnant (Captain Lieutenant)[8]
1 March 1943: Korvettenkapitän (Corvette Captain), effective as of 1 March 1943 with rank age dated 1 April 1943[9]
1 December 1944: Fregattenkapitän (Frigate Captain)[9]

References[]

Citations[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2013). "Fritz Frauenheim". The Men – U-boat Commanders – Top U-boat Aces. Guðmundur Helgason.
  2. ^ Erdöl & Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochemie. 22. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mineralölwissenschaft und Kohlechemie (Hrsg.), Industrieverlag von Hernhaussen. 1969. p. 650.
  3. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2013). "Ships hit by U-21". WW II U-boat - uboat.net.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b Busch & Röll 2003, p. 58.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Busch & Röll 2003, p. 59.
  6. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 317.
  7. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 121.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Busch & Röll 2003, p. 58.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b Busch & Röll 2003, p. 59.

Bibliography[]

  • Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (2003). Der U-Boot-Krieg 1939–1945 — Die Ritterkreuzträger der U-Boot-Waffe von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [The U-Boat War 1939–1945 — The Knight's Cross Bearers of the U-Boat Force from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn Germany: Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn. ISBN 978-3-8132-0515-2.
  • (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.

External links[]

Military offices
Preceded by
Kapitänleutnant 		Commander of the 4th U-boat Flotilla
July 1942 		Succeeded by
Fregattenkapitän Heinz Fischer
Preceded by
Korvettenkapitän Franz Becker 		Commander of the 29th U-boat Flotilla
May 1942 – July 1943 		Succeeded by
Korvettenkapitän Gunter Jahn
Retrieved from ""