Front of Patriotic and National Parties

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Front of Patriotic and National Parties
جبهة الأحزاب الوطنية والوطنية
LeadersMusa al-Sadr,
Dates of operationUntil 1982
Group(s)Flag of the Amal Movement.svg Amal Movement
SSNP (pro-Assad faction)
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region (pro-Assad faction)
UWPF
Razkari Party
HeadquartersBeirut
AlliesSyrian Army
OpponentsLebanese Front, Lebanese National Movement (LNM), Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF), Israel Defense Forces (IDF)
Battles and warsLebanese civil war (1975-1990)

The Front of Patriotic and National Parties – FPNP (Arabic: جبهة الأحزاب الوطنية والقومية | Jabhat al-Ahzab al-Wataniyya wal-Qawmiyya) or Front Patriotique des Parties Nacionaux (FPPN) in French, was a Syrian-backed coalition of Lebanese Political parties and militias formed in the late 1970s.

Origins[]

It was formed in late March 1976 at West Beirut by breakaway sections of the Lebanese National Movement (LNM), which included the pro-Syrian factions of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon (SSNP) and the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region, the Shia Amal Movement led by Musa al-Sadr, 's Union of Working People's Forces (UWPF)[1][2] and the Kurdish Razkari Party. The FPNP supported the June 1976 Syrian intervention in Lebanon.[3][4]

Decline and demise[]

The alliance lasted until mid-1982, when it collapsed together with their LNM rival in the wake of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Bitterlin, La flamme et le soufre (1988), p. 139.
  2. ^ Rabinovich, The War for Lebanon, 1970-1985 (1989), pp. 82–83.
  3. ^ Bitterlin, La flamme et le soufre (1988), p. 139.
  4. ^ Rabinovich, The War for Lebanon, 1970-1985 (1989), pp. 82–83.

References[]

  • Edgar O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon, 1975-92, Palgrave Macmillan, London 1998. ISBN 0-333-72975-7
  • Rex Brynen, Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon, Boulder: Westview Press, Oxford 1990. ISBN 0 86187 123 5 – [1]
  • Itamar Rabinovich, The war for Lebanon, 1970-1985, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London 1989 (revised edition). ISBN 978-0-8014-9313-3, 0-8014-9313-7 – [2]
  • Lucien Bitterlin, La flamme et le soufre, VegaPress, 1988. ISBN 9782906480049 (in French) – [3]
  • Naomi Joy Weinberger, Syrian Intervention in Lebanon: The 1975-76 Civil War, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1986. ISBN 978-0195040104, 0195040104

External links[]

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