Furtwängler Glacier
Furtwängler Glacier | |
---|---|
Type | Mountain glacier |
Coordinates | 3°4′15″S 37°21′07″E / 3.07083°S 37.35194°E |
Area | 11,000 square metres (2.7 acres) (in 2018) |
Thickness | 6 metres (20 ft) (in 2006) |
Terminus | Moraine/talus |
Status | Retreating |
Furtwangler Glacier is located near the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. The glacier is named after who, along with , were the fourth party to ascend to the summit of Kilimanjaro in 1912.[1]
The glacier is a small remnant of an ice cap that once crowned the summit of Kilimanjaro. Almost 85 percent of the ice cover disappeared from October 1912 to June 2011.[2] At the current rate, most of the ice will disappear by 2040 and "it is highly unlikely that any ice body will remain after 2060".[2]
Furtwängler Glacier is ephemeral, existing continuously only since about 1650 CE, which corresponds with very high levels in Kenya's Lake Naivasha and the beginning of the Maunder Minimum.[3] Between measurements in 1976 and 2000, the area of this glacier was cut almost in half, from 113,000 square metres (1,220,000 sq ft) to 60,000 square metres (650,000 sq ft).[4] By 2018 the size shrank to 11,000 square metres (120,000 sq ft).[5]
During fieldwork conducted early in 2006, scientists discovered a large hole near the center of the glacier. This hole, extending through the 6 metres (20 feet) remaining thickness of the glacier to the underlying rock, split the glacier in two by 2007.[4]
See also[]
References[]
- ^ Stedman, Henry. "History of Kilimanjaro: After Meyer". Excerpt from "Kilimanjaro". Climb Mount Kilimanjaro. Archived from the original on 2008-09-08. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
- ^ a b N. J. Cullen, P. Sirguey, T. Ölg, G. Kaser, M. Winkler, and S. J. Fitzsimons (2013). "A century of ice retreat on Kilimanjaro: the mapping reloaded" (PDF). The Cryosphere. 7: 419–31. doi:10.5194/tc-7-419-2013. Retrieved 2014-10-08.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
- ^ Thompson, L. G.; Davis, M. E. (2013). "Ice Core Records" (PDF). The Ohio State University. Retrieved 2016-03-07.
- ^ a b Thompson, Lonnie G.; et al. (October 2002). "Kilimanjaro Ice Core Records: Evidence of Holocene Climate Change in Tropical Africa" (pdf). Science. Retrieved 2006-08-31.
- ^ Das Mount-Kilimanjaro-Wiki (DE) - Furtwängler Gletscher - Ermittlung der aktuellen Gletschergröße 2018. Retrieved 2019-04-16
- Glaciers of Tanzania
- Pangani basin
- Glacier stubs
- Tanzania geography stubs