Growth arrest-specific 5 is a non-protein coding RNA that in humans is encoded by the GAS5 gene .[3] [4]
GAS5 noncoding RNA , which accumulates in growth arrested cells, acts as a decoy hormone response element for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and hence blocks the upregulation of gene expression by activated GR.[5] [6]
A number of studies have linked GAS5 to apoptosis and it may play a role in the progression of some types of cancer .[7] [8] [9]
The GAS5 introns host several snoRNA sequences, including SNORD81 , SNORD47 , SNORD80 , SNORD79 , SNORD78 , SNORD44 , SNORD77 , SNORD76 , SNORD75 and SNORD74 .[4] [10] [11] [12] These intronic sequences are more conserved than the exons of the host gene, these sorts of genes are often called "inside-out genes".[13]
It was recently discovered that the nonsense-mediated degradation pathway can regulate the function of the GAS5 in mammalian cells.[14]
References [ ]
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000234741 - Ensembl , May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .
^ "Entrez Gene: growth arrest-specific 5 (non-protein coding)" .
^ a b Smith, C. M.; Steitz, J. A. (December 1998). "Classification of gas5 as a multi-small-nucleolar-RNA (snoRNA) host gene and a member of the 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine gene family reveals common features of snoRNA host genes" . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 18 (12): 6897–6909. doi :10.1128/mcb.18.12.6897 . PMC 109273 . PMID 9819378 .
^ Kino T, Hurt DE, Ichijo T, Nader N, Chrousos GP (2010). "Noncoding RNA Gas5 Is a Growth Arrest and Starvation-Associated Repressor of the Glucocorticoid Receptor" . Sci Signal . 3 (107): ra8. doi :10.1126/scisignal.2000568 . PMC 2819218 . PMID 20124551 .
^ Garabedian MJ, Logan SK (2010). "Glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding decoy is a gas". Sci Signal . 3 (108): pe5. doi :10.1126/scisignal.3108pe5 . PMID 20145207 . S2CID 21089519 .
^ Mourtada-Maarabouni M, Pickard MR, Hedge VL, Farzaneh F, Williams GT (2009). "GAS5, a non-protein-coding RNA, controls apoptosis and is downregulated in breast cancer" . Oncogene . 28 (2): 195–208. doi :10.1038/onc.2008.373 . PMID 18836484 .
^ Nakamura Y, Takahashi N, Kakegawa E, Yoshida K, Ito Y, Kayano H, Niitsu N, Jinnai I, Bessho M (2008). "The GAS5 (growth arrest-specific transcript 5) gene fuses to BCL6 as a result of t(1;3)(q25;q27) in a patient with B-cell lymphoma". Cancer Genet Cytogenet . 182 (2): 144–9. doi :10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2008.01.013 . PMID 18406879 .
^ Mourtada-Maarabouni M, Hedge VL, Kirkham L, Farzaneh F, Williams GT (2008). "Growth arrest in human T-cells is controlled by the non-coding RNA growth-arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5)" . J Cell Sci . 121 (Pt 7): 939–46. doi :10.1242/jcs.024646 . PMID 18354083 .
^ Tanaka R, Satoh H, Moriyama M, Satoh K, Morishita Y, Yoshida S, Watanabe T, Nakamura Y, Mori S (2000). "Intronic U50 small-nucleolar-RNA (snoRNA) host gene of no protein-coding potential is mapped at the chromosome breakpoint t(3;6)(q27;q15) of human B-cell lymphoma" . Genes Cells . 5 (4): 277–87. doi :10.1046/j.1365-2443.2000.00325.x . PMID 10792466 .
^ Raho G, Barone V, Rossi D, Philipson L, Sorrentino V (2000). "The gas 5 gene shows four alternative splicing patterns without coding for a protein". Gene . 256 (1–2): 13–7. doi :10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00363-2 . PMID 11054530 .
^ Hirose T, Steitz JA (2001). "Position within the host intron is critical for efficient processing of box C/D snoRNAs in mammalian cells" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 98 (23): 12914–9. Bibcode :2001PNAS...9812914H . doi :10.1073/pnas.231490998 . PMC 60799 . PMID 11606788 .
^ Eddy SR (1999). "Noncoding RNA genes". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development . 9 (6): 695–9. doi :10.1016/S0959-437X(99)00022-2 . PMID 10607607 .
^ Tani H, Torimura M, Akimitsu N (2013). "The RNA degradation pathway regulates the function of GAS5 a non-coding RNA in mammalian cells" . PLOS ONE . 8 (1): e556884. Bibcode :2013PLoSO...855684T . doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0055684 . PMC 3559549 . PMID 23383264 .
Further reading [ ]