Galbuli
| Galbuli | |
|---|---|
| |
| Barred puffbird, (Nystalus radiatus) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Piciformes |
| Suborder: | Galbuli Vigors, 1825 |
| Families | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Galbuliformes Fürbringer, 1888 Galbulae Vigors, 1825 | |
Galbuli is one of the two suborders of the order Piciformes and includes two families Bucconidae (puffbirds) and Galbulidae (jacamars). The other suborder Pici is a global group of piciforms, puffbirds and jacamars are only found in the Neotropics.
Systematics[]
It was thought the jacamars and puffbirds were not closely related to toucans and woodpeckers, but instead related to the order Coraciiformes.[1][2] However, analysis of nuclear DNA in a 2003 study placed them as sister group to Pici, also showing that the groups had developed zygodactyl feet (two toes facing forward and two aft) before separating.[3] Per Ericson and colleagues, in analysing genomic DNA, confirmed that puffbirds and jacamars were sister groups and their place in Piciformes.[4] The lineage is sometimes elevated to order level as Galbuliformes,[5] first proposed by Sibley and Ahlquist in 1990.[2]
Taxonomy[]
The following arrangement of taxa is based on Witt (2004).[6]
- Suborder Galbuli
- Family Bucconidae
- Genus Nonnula
- Rusty-breasted nunlet, Nonnula rubecula
- Rufous-capped nunlet, Nonnula ruficapilla
- Chestnut-headed nunlet, Nonnula amaurocephala
- Grey-cheeked nunlet, Nonnula frontalis
- Fulvous-chinned nunlet, Nonnula sclateri
- Brown nunlet, Nonnula brunnea
- Genus Malacoptila
- White-chested puffbird, Malacoptila fusca
- Semicollared puffbird, Malacoptila semicincta
- Crescent-chested puffbird, Malacoptila striata
- Black-streaked puffbird, Malacoptila fulvogularis
- Rufous-necked puffbird, Malacoptila rufa
- White-whiskered puffbird, Malacoptila panamensis
- Moustached puffbird, Malacoptila mystacalis
- Genus Bucco
- Collared puffbird, Bucco capensis
- Genus Nystalus
- Spot-backed puffbird, Nystalus maculatus
- Barred puffbird, Nystalus radiatus
- Striolated puffbird, Nystalus striolatus
- White-eared puffbird, Nystalus chacuru
- Genus Chelidoptera
- Swallow-winged puffbird, Chelidoptera tenebrosa
- Genus Monasa
- White-fronted nunbird, Monasa morphoeus
- Yellow-billed nunbird, Monasa flavirostris
- Black-fronted nunbird, Monasa nigrifrons
- Black nunbird, Monasa atra
- Genus Hapaloptila
- White-faced nunbird, Hapaloptila castanea
- Genus Micromonacha
- Lanceolated monklet, Micromonacha lanceolata
- Genus Cyphos
- Chestnut-capped puffbird, Cyphos macrodactylus
- Genus Hypnelus
- Russet-throated puffbird, Hypnelus ruficollis
- Genus
- Spotted puffbird, Nystactes tamatia
- Sooty-capped puffbird, Nystactes noanamae
- Genus Notharchus
- Brown-banded puffbird, Notharchus ordii
- Pied puffbird, Notharchus tectus
- Black-breasted puffbird, Notharchus pectoralis
- White-necked puffbird, Notharchus hyperrynchus
- Guianan puffbird, Notharchus macrorhynchos
- Buff-bellied puffbird, Notharchus swainsoni
- Genus Nonnula
- Family Galbulidae
- Genus: Jacamaralcyon
- Three-toed jacamar, Jacamaralcyon tridactyla
- Genus Brachygalba
- Dusky-backed jacamar, Brachygalba salmoni
- Pale-headed jacamar, Brachygalba goeringi
- Brown jacamar, Brachygalba lugubris
- White-throated jacamar, Brachygalba albogularis
- Genus Jacamerops
- Great jacamar, Jacamerops aureus
- Genus Galbalcyrhynchus
- White-eared jacamar, Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis
- Purus jacamar, Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus
- Genus Galbula
- Yellow-billed jacamar, Galbula albirostris
- Blue-necked jacamar, Galbula cyanicollis
- Rufous-tailed jacamar, Galbula ruficauda
- Coppery-chested jacamar, Galbula pastazae
- Green-tailed jacamar, Galbula galbula
- White-chinned jacamar, Galbula tombacea
- Bluish-fronted jacamar, Galbula cyanescens
- Purplish jacamar, Galbula chalcothorax
- Bronzy jacamar, Galbula leucogastra
- Paradise jacamar, Galbula dea
- Genus: Jacamaralcyon
- Family Bucconidae
References[]
- ^ Sibley, Charles Gald & Ahlquist, Jon Edward (1990): Phylogeny and classification of birds. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn.
- ^ a b Feduccia, Alan (1999). The Origin and Evolution of Birds. Yale University Press. p. 341. ISBN 9780300078619.
- ^ Johansson, Ulf S.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2003). "Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes sensu Wetmore 1960" (PDF). Journal of Avian Biology. 34 (2): 185. doi:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x.
- ^ Ericson, P. G. P.; Anderson, C. L.; Britton, T.; Elzanowski, A.; Johansson, U. S.; Källersjö, M.; Ohlson, J. I.; Parsons, T. J.; Zuccon, D.; Mayr, G. (2006). "Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils". Biology Letters. 2 (4): 543–547. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523. PMC 1834003. PMID 17148284.
- ^ Hans Winkler; David A. Christie; David Nurney (2010). Woodpeckers: An Identification Guide to the Woodpeckers of the World. A&C Black. ISBN 9781408135044.
- ^ Witt, C.C. (2004), Rates of Molecular Evolution and their Application to Neotropical Avian Biogeography, Ph.D. dissertation, Louisiana State University
External links[]
- Piciformes