Gamera vs. Gyaos

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Gamera vs. Gyaos
Gamera vs gyaos poster.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed byNoriaki Yuasa
Screenplay byNiisan Takahashi[1]
Produced byHidemasa Nagata[1]
Kazumasa Nakano
StarringKojiro Hongo
Kichijiro Ueda
Naoyuki Abe
CinematographyAkira Uehara[1]
Edited byTatsuji Nakashizu[1]
Music byTadashi Yamanouchi[1]
Production
company
Distributed byDaiei
Release date
  • March 15, 1967 (1967-03-15) (Japan)
Running time
86 minutes[1]
CountryJapan
LanguageJapanese
Budget¥60 million[2]

Gamera vs. Gyaos (大怪獣空中戦 ガメラ対ギャオス, Daikaijū kūchūsen: Gamera tai Gyaosu, lit. 'Giant Monster Midair Battle: Gamera vs. Gyaos') is a 1967 Japanese kaiju film directed by Noriaki Yuasa, with special effects by Yuasa. Produced by Daiei Film, it is the third entry in the Gamera film series and stars Kojiro Hongo, Kichijiro Ueda, Tatsuemon Kanamura, Reiko Kasahara, and Naoyuki Abe, with Teruo Aragaki as Gamera. In the film, Gamera and authorities must deal with the sudden appearance of a carnivorous winged creature awakened by volcanic eruptions.

Plans for a third film were made immediately after the release of Gamera vs. Barugon, with the film financed by the UniJapan Film Association. Due to the underperformance of the previous film, Yuasa was brought back as the director and special effects director, who decided to aim the film towards children. Gyaos was created as a response to Toho's Frankenstein Conquers the World and The War of the Gargantuas, with Yuasa pitching to writer Niisan Takahashi his idea to turn Dracula into a kaiju.

Gamera vs. Gyaos was theatrically released in Japan on March 15, 1967, on a double bill with Chiisai Tôbôsha. That same year, it was released directly to television in the United States as Return of the Giant Monsters by American International Television. The film was followed by Gamera vs. Viras, released on March 20, 1968.

Plot[]

A series of mysterious volcanic eruptions in Japan impact shipping and aircraft flights. An eruption at Mount Fuji attracts Gamera, whose arrival is witnessed by a young boy named Eiichi. A research team is sent to investigate but are killed by a sonic beam emitted from a cave. A reporter, Okabe, departs to Mt. Fuji to investigate. The Chuo Expressway Corporation's plans for a roadway face challenges when the local villagers refuse to leave. The resistance is a ploy to increase the bid on the land. The foreman, Shiro Tsutsumi, and his crew are turned away by the locals as Okabe sneaks past.

Eiichi finds Okabe in the woods and leads him to a cave where Gamera might be. Okabe abandons Eiichi as the cave collapses and is devoured by a winged creature. Gamera arrives and battles the winged beast to save Eiichi. While interviewed by Dr. Aoki and authorities, Eiichi names the winged monster "Gyaos". Dr. Aoki deduces it was awakened by the volcanic eruptions.

During a meeting, the villagers become divided on whether to sell their land or not due to Gyaos. Shiro's crew, save two, quit because of Gyaos. Despite Eiichi's claims that Gyaos is nocturnal, Gyaos ignores military flares and attacks Nagoya. Gamera appears and battles Gyaos once more, biting off Gyaos' toes in the process. Dr. Aoki discovers that exposure to ultraviolet light causes the toes to shrink. A plan is formed to disorient Gyaos long enough for the sun to rise and kill it, using artificial blood as bait. Gyaos is lured out, but the plan fails when the power station overheats.

The expressway is rerouted due to Gyaos. The villagers blame the headmaster, who ordered them to hold out, for their predicament. The headmaster regales a plan to Shiro, inspired by Eiichi, to start a forest fire to kill Gyaos. Gyaos depletes the fire with a yellow vapor, however, the fire attracts Gamera and engages Gyaos in a final showdown. Gamera kills Gyaos by dragging it into Mt. Fuji's crater. As the authorities celebrate, Shiro affirms that work on the expressway will resume. Eiichi bids farewell to Gamera as he flies away.

Cast[]

  • Kojiro Hongo as Shiro Tsutsumi[3]
  • Kichijiro Ueda as Tatsuemon Kanamura[3]
  • Reiko Kasahara as Sumiko Kanamura[3]
  • Naoyuki Abe as Eiichi Kanamura[3]
  • Taro Marui as Mite-no-Tetsu[3]
  • Yukitaro Hotaru as Hachikō[3]
  • Yoshiro Kitahara as Dr. Aoki[3]
  • Akira Natsuki as Self-Defense Force General[3]
  • Kenji Oyama as District Police Commissioner[3]
  • Fujio Murakami as Dr. Murakami[3]
  • Koichi Ito as Road Company Chairman[3]
  • Teppei Endo as Road Co. Local Affairs Director[3]
  • Shin Minatsu as Okabe the Photographer[3]
  • Teruo Aragaki as Gamera[3]

Production[]

Production credits[4]

  • Noriaki Yuasa – director, special effects director
  • Kazufumi Fuji – special effects photography
  • Shima Abe – assistant special effects director
  • Tomohisa Yano – special effects art director
  • Yuzo Kaneko – special effects synthesis
  • Masao Kobayashi – assistant director
  • Yukio Okumura – sound
  • Heihachi Kuboe – lighting
  • Akira Inoue – art director
  • Nobuyoshi Ogura – sound effects

"Takahashi-san's screenplay shows Japan as it was during that time, when building the infrastructure was so important. At the time the thinking was 'we have to make freeways, no matter what'. Nowadays, it's ecological issues. Gamera must always reflect modern problems in society."

—Yuasa on adding the freeway as the backdrop.[5]

Gamera vs. Gyaos was planned immediately after the release of Gamera vs. Barugon and it was decided that the third film would be targeted towards children.[6] The film was financed through the UniJapan Film Association.[7] The film's production cost was ¥60 million ($167,000), however, this figure does not include studio overhead, cast and crew salaries under contract, nor print and advertisement.[8]

Due to the underperformance of Gamera vs. Barugon, Daiei president Masaichi Nagata assigned Noriaki Yuasa as the director and special effects director due to the first Gamera film, directed by Yuasa, being a success.[9] When Naoyuki Abe was cast, many mistook him as Yuasa's son.[10] A real office in Akasaka, Tokyo was used for the road construction board meeting after Yuasa asked the son of the company's president (working for Daiei at the time) to arrange the location.[11] Daiei's dubbing studio was used as a laboratory set in the film's opening, with a few set pieces attached.[12] The park scenes were filmed in Setagaya at the Futako-Tamagawa garden.[13] Scenes of Nagoya Stadium were filmed at Ajinomoto Stadium.[14]

The ending theme Gamera's Song was composed and arranged by Akira Komachi, lyrics by Hidemasa Nagata, and performed by the Hibari Children's Choir.[15] The song was released by Daiei Records as a single.[16] Historian August Ragone deduced that the song may have been inspired by the instrumental release of "Gammera" by The Moons, a song produced specifically for the American release of the first Gamera film.[17]

Writing[]

Gyaos was created as a response to Toho's Frankenstein Conquers the World and The War of the Gargantuas.[18] Yuasa pitched to writer Niisan Takahashi an idea to turn Dracula into a kaiju.[19] Yuasa approached the film like a children's book, after feeling that children became bored during the human scenes of the previous films.[20] Yuasa held a meeting to discuss how to jump into the action scenes as quickly as possible to retain children's attention.[21] The film's opening was inspired by real volcanic eruptions from the Philippines, Indonesia, and Kamchatka that were happening at the time of production, with fears that Mount Fuji would become active.[22] The expressway protest was inspired by the Sanrizuka opposition against the construction of the New Tokyo International Airport.[23]

Producer and senior managing director Hidemasa Nagata wanted to include the protest because he found societal issues made films more interesting. Nagata also wanted a correlation between the protest, roadblocks, bid hike, and Gyaos' awakening, stating, "I want to let the children know that there were consequences for doing bad things."[24] In an early draft, Takahashi used the working title Gamera vs. Vampire.[25] Gyaos was named "Vampyra" and stood 67 meters high with a wingspan of 172 meters.[26] Nagata coined the name "Gyaos" for the monster.[27] Yuasa "hated" adding scenes with military and scientific figures on the film, and other films as well, feeling that the characters were "useless" but seemed obligatory due to the 1954 film Godzilla.[28]

On Eiichi's role, Yuasa stated, "we wanted all the ideas to come from the child. It may be a bit silly but we didn't want theories of the adults to work in the Gamera universe".[29] Yuasa made Eiichi point out Gyaos' nocturnal nature, feeling that it was a detail only a child would notice.[30] Yuasa felt one of the film's messages was to show the purity of children, stating, "I think the main point of the whole film is that Eiichi and Gamera had some sort of bond or one mind. I thought that was better than some needless exposition."[31] The car split scene was added after Takahashi saw the Toyota Corolla deluxe at a motor show, as a result, the vehicle was not produced for the film.[32]

Special effects[]

The special effects were directed by Noriaki Yuasa.[33][34] Gyaos was designed by art director Akira Inoue.[35] The Gamera suit was recycled from Gamera vs. Barugon, however, the eyes were modified to look more friendly.[36] The upper-half portion of the suit from Gamera, the Giant Monster was recycled for fire-breathing scenes.[37] The Gamera shell that Eiichi rides was a full scale prop built at 20 meters square.[38] The monster footage was filmed on an indoor soundstage set.[39] Yuasa recalled spending time, energy, and money on the shot of the miniature volcano exploding, however, he later felt the result was not worth it.[40] Yuasa disliked the oatmeal formula used to simulate flowing lava in other films and instead backlit translucent molds and had them pulled by hidden cables.[41]

Yuasa felt that nighttime matching shots were more easier to achieve than daytime opticals due to film elements not requiring precision.[42] The Gyaos cave was a set constructed at Daiei.[43] For the scene with Okabe being lifted by Gyaos, the camera was tilted at a 90 degree angle while the background shifted horizontally.[44] The full scale Gyaos claw was operated by three people that required them to pull on a cable attached to it.[45] Historian Stuart Galbraith IV deduced that the giant Gyaos claw was recycled for Gyaos' severed toes.[46] Gamera's blood was pumped manually by the crew, which Yuasa found difficult to match the animation to Gyaos' beam.[47]

For the shot of Eiichi climbing Gamera's shell, Yuasa filmed a stunt double climbing a ladder that was later layered into the shell.[48] The Highland Park miniature was based on Fuji-Q Highland.[49] The Hotel Hi-land miniature was inspired by the Hotel New Otani Tokyo, which upset the then-hotel president and told Daiei president Masaichi Nagata, "we're barely open yet Gamera has already broken it."[50] For the scene of Gamera recovering underwater, a 20 centimeter prop was built and filmed in a fish tank.[51] Lighting up Gamera's leg sockets for flying scenes cost ¥12,000 ($33) per socket.[52] Gyaos' beam required optical work that cost ¥3,500 per cut.[53]

English versions[]

Following the film's completion, Daiei commissioned Axis International to produce an English dub. This dub was recorded in Hong Kong and was used as a "sales marketing tool" to attract international distribution.[54] That same year, American International Productions Television acquired the film, along with Gamera vs. Barugon and Gamera vs. Viras, for the American television market and commissioned a new English dub. Journalist James Flower deduced that the AIP–TV version may have been dubbed by the English Language Dubbers Association (ELDA) due to Gamera's name being mispronounced as "Guh-MER-ah", a fluke that is consistent in ELDA's dub of Gamera vs. Barugon. AIP–TV retitled the film as Return of the Giant Monsters, left it uncut, and added two brief insert shots replacing Japanese protest signs with English signs.[55] Gamera's Song was cut from the AIP–TV version.[56]

Release[]

Theatrical and television[]

Gamera vs. Gyaos was released theatrically in Japan on March 15, 1967,[1] on a double bill with Chiisai Tôbôsha.[57] Attendees were given Gyaos glider cutouts made out of construction paper and paper toy versions of Gamera and Barugon.[58] A Manga adaptation was published in Shōnen comics as a special volume release.[59] As a publicity stunt, a press conference was held featuring Gyaos promoting its involvement with the film, however, the stunt angered reporters called to the conference. The split car was displayed at the conference with Reiko Kasahara behind the wheel.[60] The film was never released theatrically in the United States, and was released directly to television by American International Television in 1967 as Return of the Giant Monsters.[1]

Critical response[]

Variety reviewed the film after a screening in Tokyo, stating, "Gyaos is true to his own nature. Which is more than one can say for the now thoroughly domesticated and completely undignified Gamera. Perhaps it is because the man inside the suit swooping on wires or carefully crunching models of Nagoya is a born actor. Gyaos exhibits a strong sense of timing. A good deal of projection and consequently, generates an amount of empathy. He is obviously a Stanislavski monster."[61] Ishirō Honda, director of various Godzilla films, sent writer Niisan Takahashi a new years card with high praises for the film.[62]

Home media[]

In 1987, the Axis dub was released on VHS and television as Gamera vs. Gaos by Sandy Frank.[1] In 2004, Image Entertainment bundled Pan and scan versions of the AIP–TV versions of Gamera vs. Gyaos and The Magic Serpent on DVD.[63] In September 2010, Shout! Factory bundled the Japanese version, the Axis English dub, and the AIP–TV version on DVD, along with Gamera vs. Viras.[64] In 2011, Shout! Factory included the Mystery Science Theater 3000 episode featuring the Sandy Frank version of the film on the MST3K vs. Gamera DVD collection.[65] In 2014, Mill Creek Entertainment bundled the Japanese version with other Gamera titles on Blu-ray and DVD.[66] In 2020, the Japanese version, the Axis English dub, and the AIP-TV version were included in the Gamera: The Complete Collection Blu-ray box set released by Arrow Video, which included all 12 films in the franchise.[67]

Legacy[]

Gamera vs. Gyaos was one of the few films featured twice on Mystery Science Theater 3000 (both times as Gamera vs. Gaos), the first time as part of the initial KTMA series (episode 6)[68] and again in Season 3 (episode 8).[69][70]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Galbraith IV 1994, p. 310.
  2. ^ Galbraith IV 1998, p. 74.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Macias 2020, p. 13.
  4. ^ Macias 2020, p. 12.
  5. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:27:32.
  6. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:00:16.
  7. ^ Ragone 2020, 00:08:19.
  8. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 01:03:02.
  9. ^ Ragone 2020, 00:00:51.
  10. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:14:04.
  11. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:05:00.
  12. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:01:03.
  13. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:24:46.
  14. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:45:51.
  15. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 01:25:15.
  16. ^ Ragone 2020, 00:07:50.
  17. ^ Ragone 2020, 00:07:52.
  18. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:54:57.
  19. ^ Ragone 2020, 00:01:16.
  20. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:00:28.
  21. ^ Ragone 2020, 00:02:08.
  22. ^ Ragone 2020, 00:02:34.
  23. ^ Ragone 2020, 00:03:11.
  24. ^ Ragone 2020, 00:04:01.
  25. ^ Ragone 2020, 00:01:22.
  26. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:55:22.
  27. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:55:37.
  28. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:27:10.
  29. ^ Ragone 2020, 00:05:37.
  30. ^ Ragone 2020, 00:05:48.
  31. ^ Ragone 2020, 00:05:55.
  32. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:46:19.
  33. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 01:04:27.
  34. ^ Ragone 2020, 00:01:04.
  35. ^ Ragone 2020, 00:06:16.
  36. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:19:41.
  37. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:19:51.
  38. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:22:34.
  39. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:21:55.
  40. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:02:14.
  41. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:02:38.
  42. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:20:00.
  43. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:14:35.
  44. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:17:10.
  45. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:19:22.
  46. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:19:31.
  47. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:20:58.
  48. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:24:36.
  49. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:24:25.
  50. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:25:24.
  51. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 00:32:12.
  52. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 01:03:44.
  53. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 01:04:10.
  54. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 01:06:23.
  55. ^ Flower 2020, p. 74–75.
  56. ^ Ragone 2020, 00:08:04.
  57. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 01:23:38.
  58. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 01:23:06.
  59. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 01:23:16.
  60. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 01:23:22.
  61. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 01:24:21.
  62. ^ Galbraith IV 2020, 01:25:02.
  63. ^ Mark Zimmer (June 7, 2004). "dOc DVD Review: Gamera: Return of the Giant Monsters (Gamera tai Gyaosu) & The Magic Serpent (Kairyu daikessen)". Digitally Obsessed. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  64. ^ Stuart Galbraith IV (September 29, 2010). "Gamera Double Feature - Gamera Vs. Gyaos / Gamera Vs. Viras". DVD Talk. Archived from the original on May 19, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  65. ^ Andre Dellamorte (August 16, 2011). "MST3K vs. Gamera DVD Review". Collider. Archived from the original on May 19, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  66. ^ "New Gamera Blu-ray and DVD Sets from Mill Creek in April". SciFi Japan. Archived from the original on May 19, 2021. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  67. ^ "Gamera: The Complete Collection – Limited Edition Blu-ray Set Coming From Arrow Video". SciFi Japan. 21 February 2020. Archived from the original on 23 February 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  68. ^ "Episode guide: K06- Gamera vs. Gaos." Satellite News: The Official MST3K website. Accessed July 20, 2015.
  69. ^ Beaulieu, Trace; Chaplin, Paul; Jim Mallon, Jim; Murphy, Kevin; Nelson, Michael J.; Pehl, Mary Jo (May 1996). The Mystery Science Theater 3000 amazing Colossal Episode Guide. Bantam Books. p. 40. ISBN 9780553377835.
  70. ^ "Episode guide: 308- Gamera vs. Gaos"Satellite News: The Official MST3K website. Accessed July 20, 2015.

Sources[]

  • Flower, James (2020). A Guide to English-Language Gamera. Arrow Video. ASIN B084Z13QYD.
  • Galbraith IV, Stuart (1994). Japanese Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films. McFarland. ISBN 0-89950-853-7.
  • Galbraith IV, Stuart (1998). Monsters Are Attacking Tokyo! The Incredible World of Japanese Fantasy Films. McFarland. ISBN 0922915474.
  • Galbraith IV, Stuart (2020). Gamera vs. Gyaos Audio Commentary (Blu-ray). Arrow Video.
  • Macias, Patrick (2020). A History of Gamera. Arrow Video. ASIN B084Z13QYD.
  • Ragone, August (2020). An Introduction to Gamera vs. Gyaos (Blu-ray). Arrow Video. ASIN B084Z13QYD.

External links[]

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