Gammarus
| Gammarus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Gammarus roeseli | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Crustacea |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Superorder: | Peracarida |
| Order: | Amphipoda |
| Family: | Gammaridae |
| Genus: | Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 |
| Type species | |
| Gammarus pulex | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Gammarus is an amphipod crustacean genus in the family Gammaridae. It contains more than 200 described species, making it one of the most species-rich genera of crustaceans.[2] Different species have different optimal conditions, particularly in terms of salinity, and different tolerances; Gammarus pulex, for instance, is a purely freshwater species, while Gammarus locusta is estuarine, only living where the salinity is greater than 25‰.[3]
Species of Gammarus are the typical "scuds" of North America and range widely throughout the Holarctic. A considerable number are also found southwards into the Northern Hemisphere tropics, particularly in Southeast Asia.[4]
Species[]
The following species are included:[5] Four new species were found in 2018 on the Tibetan Plateau.[6] Four more new species were described from the Chihuahuan Desert in 2021.[7]
- G. Karaman, 1973
- Hou, Platvoet & Li, 2006
- Pinkster, 1970
- G. Karaman, 1973
- Hou & Li, 2002
- Gammarus acherondytes Hubricht & Mackins, 1940
- (Martynov, 1931)
- G. Karaman, 1973
- G. Karaman, 1968
- Van Straelen, 1924†
- Hou & Li, 2018
- Schellenberg, 1937
- (Martynov, 1930)
- Martynov, 1935
- (Monod, 1924)
- Smith, 1873
- Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998
- Hou & Li, 2003
- Derzhavin, 1938
- G. Karaman, 1975
- Vávra, 1905
- Khalayi-Pirbalanty & Sari, 2004
- Schaferna, 1922
- Schellenberg, 1937
- Gammarus baysali Özbek et al., 2013
- G. Karaman, 1984
- Martynov, 1930
- Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
- Schäferna, 1922
- Gammarus bousfieldi Cole & Minckley, 1961
- (Martynov, 1935)
- Hou, Li & Platvoet, 2004
- Bousfield & Elwood, 1971
- Martynov, 1935
- Petre-Stroobants, 1981
- Martynov, 1932
- Viviani, 1805
- Hou & Li, 2002
- Gammarus chevreuxi Sexton, 1913
- G. Karaman, 1984
- Martynov, 1932
- Hosinger, Shafer, Fong & Culver, 2008
- sp. nov. [7]
- Hou, Li & Gao, 2005
- Hou & Li, 2002
- G. S. Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
- Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998
- Stock, 1966
- Martynov, 1932
- Hou & Li, 2003
- Tachteew & Mekhanikova, 2000
- Bousfield, 1969
- Meng, Hou & Li, 2003
- Hou, Li & Morino, 2002
- Gammarus desperatus Cole, 1981
- Mateus & Mateus, 1990
- Liljeborg, 1852
- S. Karaman, 1929
- Bate, 1862
- G. Karaman, 1975
- Hou & Li, 2003
- Hou, Li & Morino, 2002
- Iannilli & Ruffo, 2002
- Hou, Li & Koenemann, 2002
- Say, 1818
- Dahl, 1938
- Stimpson, 1856
- Milne-Edwards, 1840†
- Costa, 1883
- Koch, 1836
- Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
- Hou & Li, 2004
- Lee & Kim, 2004
- Lee & Kim, 1980
- (S. Karaman, 1935)
- Hou & Li, 2003
- G. S. Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
- Hou & Li, 2018
- Martynov, 1935
- Tattersall, 1924
- G. Karaman, 1969
- Hekmatara, Sari & Baladehi, 2011[8]
- Martynov, 1935
- Barnard & Dai, 1988
- Gammarus hoonsooi Lee, 1986
- Gammarus hyalelloides Cole, 1976
- Margalef, 1951
- Stock, 1966
- Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
- Mateus & Mateus, 1990
- Gammarus insensibilis Stock, 1966
- Goedmakers & Pinkster, 1977
- Özbek, 2007
- Morino & Whitman, 1995
- Hou & Li, 2004
- Bynum & Fox, 1977
- Tzvetkova, 1972
- Hou & Li, 2018
- Aliev, 1997
- Gammarus katagani Özbek, 2012
- Özbek & Camur-Elipek, 2010
- Martynov, 1931
- Schellenberg, 1937
- (Schaferna, 1922)
- Martynov, 1930
- Bazikalova, 1946
- Lee & Seo, 1990
- Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
- Gammarus lacustris G. O. Sars, 1864
- sp. nov. [7]
- Barnard & Dai, 1988
- Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
- Bousfield, 1956
- Thoma & Heard, 2009
- G. Karaman, 1987
- Jazdzewski & Konopacka, 1989
- Hou & Li, 2002
- S. I. smith, 1874
- Hou & Li, 2018
- Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998
- Gammarus locusta (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Karaman & Pinkster, 1987
- Lee & Seo, 1992
- Hou & Li, 2002
- Khalayi-Pirbalanty & Sari, 2004
- Schellenberg, 1943
- G. Karaman, 1976
- Hou & Li, 2005
- sp. nov. [7]
- Fadil, 2006
- Fadil & Dakki, 2001
- Hou & Li, 2004
- Derzhavin, 1938
- Mateus & Mateus, 1990
- Pinkster & Goedmakers, 1975
- Say, 1818
- Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
- Pinkster, 1972
- Hou, Li & Platvoet, 2004
- Gammarus mucronatus Say, 1818
- Hou & Li, 2004
- Uchida, 1935
- Hou & Li, 2003
- Uéno, 1940
- Stock, 1995
- Martynov, 1931
- Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
- Gammarus obruki Özbek, 2012
- Segerstråle, 1947
- Martynov, 1930
- (Schäferna, 1926)
- Lee & Kim, 1980
- Mateus & Mateus, 1990
- Heer, 1865†
- Pinkster & Schol, 1984
- Alouf, 1979
- Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
- Mateus & Mateus, 1990
- Bousfield, 1969
- G. Karaman, 1977
- Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998
- Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998
- Hou & Li, 2002
- Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
- Delong, 1992
- Gammarus pecos Cole & Bousfield, 1970
- Gurjanova, 1930
- sp. nov. [7]
- Hou & Li, 2005
- Hou & Li, 2003
- G. Karaman, 1964
- Mateus & Mateus, 1990
- Derzhavin, 1941†
- Wang, Hou & Li, 2009
- Mateus & Mateus, 1990
- Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998
- Karaman & Pinkster, 1987
- Bousfield, 1958
- Karaman & Pinkster, 1977
- Gammarus pulex Linnaeus, 1758
- Hou & Li, 2002
- S. Karaman, 1931
- Maikovsky, 1941†
- Fadil, 2006
- Hou & Li, 2002
- Gammarus roeselii Gervais, 1835
- Pinkster & Goedmakers, 1975
- G. Karaman, 1985
- Spooner, 1947
- Zamanpoore, Poeckl, Grabowski & Schiemer, 2009
- Gammarus setosus Dementieva, 1931
- Barnard & Dai, 1988
- Hou & Li, 2004
- Hou, Li & Zheng, 2002
- Hou & Li, 2004
- Hekmatara, Sari & Baladehi, 2011[8]
- G. Karaman, 1989
- G. Karaman, 1984
- G. Karaman, 1977
- G. Karaman, 1984
- Lee & Kim, 1980
- Martynov, 1931
- (Chen, 1939)
- G. Karaman, 1991
- Hou, Li & Morino, 2002
- Hou & Li, 2005
- G. Karaman, 1976
- (S. Karaman, 1929)
- Pinkster, 1983
- Stock, 1966
- Martynov, 1925
- Chevreux, 1895
- Hou, Li & Platvoet, 2004
- Shen, 1954
- Martynov, 1931
- Martynov, 1930
- Sexton, 1939
- Özbek & Balik, 2009
- Hou, Li & Li, 2004
- Hubricht & Mackins, 1940
- Martynov, 1930
- Martynov, 1935
- G. S. Karaman, 1975
- Costa, 1853
- Özbek & Guloglu, 2005
- Jazdzewski, 1975
- Pinkster & Karaman, 1978
- Lee & Seo, 1990
- Roux, 1967
- Birula, 1897
- Hou & Li, 2002
- Sexton, 1912
- Zamanpoore, Poeckl, Grabowski & Schiemer, 2009
- Lee & Kim, 1980
References[]
- ^ Jan Hendrik Stock (1969). "Rivulogammarus, an amphipod name that must be rejected". Crustaceana. 17 (1): 106–107. doi:10.1163/156854069X00105.
- ^ F. O. Costa; C. M. Henzler; D. H. Lunt; N. M. Whiteley; J. Rock (2009). "Probing marine Gammarus (Amphipoda) taxonomy with DNA barcodes" (PDF). . 7 (4): 365–379. doi:10.1017/S1477200009990120. S2CID 83482755.
- ^ C. Barry Cox; Peter D. Moore (2010). "Patterns of distribution". Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach (8th ed.). John Wiley and Sons. pp. 37–89. ISBN 978-0-470-63794-4.
- ^ Zhonge Hou; Jinzhong Fu; Shuqiang Li (2009). "A molecular phylogeny of the genus Gammarus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 45 (2): 596–611. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.006. PMID 17686635.
- ^ Mark Costello; Denise Bellan-Santini (2010). "Gammarus Fabricius, 1775". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
- ^ Hou, Zhonge; Li, Shuqiang (2018). "Four new Gammarus species from Tibetan Plateau with a key to Tibetan freshwater gammarids (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridae)". ZooKeys (747): 1–40. doi:10.3897/zookeys.747.21999. PMC 5904427. PMID 29674901. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Ashley D. Walters; Andrew G. Cannizzaro; Daniel A. Trujillo; David J. Berg (2021). "Addressing the Linnean shortfall in a cryptic species complex". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 192 (2): 277–305. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa099.
- ^ a b Maryam Hekmatara; Alireza Sari; Mohammad-Hadi Heidary Baladehi (2011). "Two new Gammarus species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from Zagros Mountains, Iran" (PDF excerpt). Zootaxa. 2894: 39–57. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2894.1.3.
Categories:
- Gammarus
- Gammaridea
- Crustacean genera