Gastrophryne

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"Narrow-mouthed toad" and "Narrowmouth toad" redirect here. For other uses, see Narrow-mouthed toad (disambiguation) and Narrowmouth toad (disambiguation).

Gastrophryne
Gastrophryne carolinensis.jpg
Gastrophryne carolinensis
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Microhylidae
Subfamily: Gastrophryninae
Genus: Gastrophryne
Fitzinger, 1843
Species

4, see text.

Gastrophryne, the narrowmouth toads (also American narrowmouth toads, North American narrow-mouthed toads), is a genus of microhylid frogs found in the Americas between Honduras and southern United States.[1] Its name means ‘belly-toad’, referring to its large belly, from the Ancient Greek gastēr (γαστήρ, ‘belly, stomach’) and phrunē (φρύνη, ‘toad’).[2]

Gastrophryne is closely related to Hypopachus. Some species that were earlier placed in Gastrophryne were more closely related to Hypopachus, rendering the genus paraphyletic.[1] This has been rectified by moving some species (Gastrophryne usta and Gastrophryne pictiventris) to Hypopachus.[3]

Gastrophryne frogs were the first species to be recognized to be experiencing speciation by reinforcement[4] and lead to the coining of the term reinforcement by W. Frank Blair in 1955;[5] a concept proposed by Theodosius Dobzhansky decades earlier.[6]

Species[]

The currently recognized species are:[1]

Western Narrow-mouthed Toad (Gastrophryne olivacea), Municipality of San Fernando, Tamaulipas, Mexico (19 March 2009).

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Gastrophryne Fitzinger, 1843". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  2. ^ Dodd, C. Kenneth (2013). Frogs of the United States and Canada. 1. The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-4214-0633-6.
  3. ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Hypopachus Keferstein, 1867". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  4. ^ Blair, W. F. (1955), "Mating call and stage of speciation in the Microhyla olivacea-M. carolinensis complex", Evolution, 9: 469–480, doi:10.2307/2405481
  5. ^ Sætre, Glenn-Peter. (2012). Reinforcement. eLS.
  6. ^ Jerry A. Coyne and H. Allen Orr (2004), Speciation, Sinauer Associates, pp. 353–381, ISBN 0-87893-091-4


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