Gediminids
Gediminids
(Гедзімінавічы,Гедымінавічы,,Gediminaičiai, Gedėmėnātē, Giedyminowicze, Гедиміновичі, Гедиминовичи) | |
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Country | Grand Duchy of Lithuania |
Founded | 1315 or 1316 |
Founder | Gediminas |
Final ruler | Sigismund II of Poland |
Titles | King/Grand Duke of Lithuania |
The Gediminids (Lithuanian: Gediminaičiai, Samogitian: Gedėmėnātē, Belarusian: Гедзімінавічы, Polish: Giedyminowicze, Ukrainian: Гедиміновичі;) were a dynasty of monarchs in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that reigned from the 14th to the 16th century. A cadet branch of this family, known as the Jagiellonian dynasty, reigned also in the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Hungary and Kingdom of Bohemia. Several other branches ranked among the leading aristocratic dynasties of Russia and Poland into recent times.
Their monarchical title in Lithuanian primarily was, by some folkloristic data, kunigų kunigas ("Duke of Dukes"), and later on, didysis kunigas ("Great/High Duke") or, in a simple manner, karalius or kunigaikštis.[citation needed] In the 18th century, the latter form was changed into tautological didysis kunigaikštis, which nevertheless would be translated as "Grand Duke" (for its etymology, see Grand Prince).
Origin[]
The origin of Gediminas himself is much debated. Some sources say he was Vytenis' ostler, others that he was of peasant stock. Some historians consider him as the son or grandson of Lithuanian or Yatvingian (Iazyge) King/duke Skalmantas. Most scholars agree, however, that Gediminas was Vytenis' brother (the parentage of Vytenis is explained differently in various fake genealogies, compiled from the 16th century onwards; according to the latest Polish research, his parentage cannot be established).[1]
Confirmed Gediminid rulers[]
- Gediminas
- Jaunutis
- Algirdas
- Jogaila
- Kęstutis
- Vytautas – King/Grand Duke from 1392 to 1430
- Švitrigaila
- Sigismund Kęstutaitis
- Casimir IV Jagiellon
- Alexander Jagiellon
- Sigismund I the Old
- Sigismund II Augustus
Branches of the dynasty[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Lithuania_Rambynas_Gedimin_columns.jpg/220px-Lithuania_Rambynas_Gedimin_columns.jpg)
The Eastern Orthodox branches of the family were mostly Ruthenian, which also was one of the two main languages of their established state. Some of these families (e.g., Czartoryski) later converted to Roman Catholicism and became Polonized. Others (e.g., Galitzine) moved to Muscovy and became thoroughly Russified.
In Poland, most Gediminid families (such as Olelkowicz-Słucki, Wiśniowiecki, Zbaraski) are extinct, but at least some families survive to the present: Khovanski, Czartoryski, Sanguszko, (Dowmont-Siesicki, Szeszycki) and .[citation needed].
The Russian Gediminid families include Bulgakov, Golitsin, Kurakin, Khovansky, Troubetzkoy, Mstislavsky, Belsky, and Volynsky.[citation needed] Some of these families also survive as of 2020.
Gediminid descendants[]
I. The descendants of* Rex. King Lithuania.
- Dukes Prince of Bujwid
I. The descendants of Narimantas:
II. The descendants of Algirdas:
- Duke Andrei of Polotsk
- Dmitrijus Algirdaitis
- Dukes of Trubetskoy (Trubchevsk)
- [ru]
- Dukes of Czartoryski
- Vladimiras Algirdaitis
- Olelkaičiai (descendants of [ru])
- Dukes of [ru] (faded at the end of the 16th century)
- Dukes of Belsky
- Olelkaičiai (descendants of [ru])
- The descendants of Kaributas
- Dukes of [ru]
- Dukes of Wiśniowiecki
- Dukes of [ru]
- Dukes of [pl]
- Dukes of [ru]
- Dukes of [ru]
- The descendants of [ru]
- Dukes of [pl]
- Dukes of Kobryn
- Dukes of Sanguszko
- Jagiellonians
- The descendants of Lengvenis
- Dukes of Mstislavsky
III. The descendants of Kęstutis
- Vaidotas Kęstutaitis
- Butautas Kęstutaitis
- Vytautas the Great
- Tautvilas Kęstutaitis
- Žygimantas Kęstutaitis
IV. The descendants of Jaunutis:
- Dukes of Zaslavsky
- Dukes of Mstislavsky
- Dukes of Zaslavsky
V. The descendants of Liubartas (faded in the first half of the 15th century)
VI. [uk], descended from Karijotas
- Dukes of
- Dukes of [ru]
Family tree[]
Butegeidis Bujwid (? – c. 1292) King/G. Duke of Lith., c. 1285 – c. 1292 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Budvydas-Pukuveras Bujwid (? – c. 1296) King/G. Duke of Lith., c. 1292 – c. 1296 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vytenis Bujwid (? – 1316) King/G. Duke of Lith., c. 1296–1316 | Gediminas (c. 1275–1341) King/G. Duke of Lith., 1316–1341 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jaunutis (?) G. Duke of Lith., 1341–1345 | Algirdas (c. 1296–1377) King/G. Duke of Lith., 1345–1377 | Kęstutis (1297–1382) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ladislaus (Jogaila) (c. 1351–1434) King/G. Duke of Lith., 1377–1401 King of Poland, 1386–1434 | Švitrigaila (c. 1370–1452) King/G. Duke of Lith., 1430–1432 | Vytautas (1352–1430) King/G. Duke of Lith., 1401–1430 | Žygimantas Kęstutaitis (? – 1440) King/G. Duke of Lith., 1432–1440 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jagiellon branch (Jogailaičiai) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also[]
- Columns of Gediminas
- Family of Gediminas
- Galitzine family
- List of Belarusian rulers
- List of Lithuanian rulers
- List of Ukrainian rulers
- Palemonids
References[]
- ^ Jan Tęgowski, "Pierwsze pokolenia Gedyminowiczów", 1999
External links[]
- Marek, Miroslav. "Genealogy of the House of Gediminas". Genealogy.EU.
- Gediminids
- Dynasty genealogy