Gendai Kamada

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Illustration from Gekakihai-zufu (1840), showing the resection of a testicular tumour under general anaesthesia[1]

Gendai Kamada[note 1] (1794–1854 or 1855) was a Japanese surgeon. Born in Iyo Province, Gendai moved to Kii Province at the age of 18 to study at a private school run by the prominent surgeon Seishu Hanaoka, where he learned how to administer general anaesthesia. Upon completion of his five-year training he opened a clinic in his hometown;[4][5] he became well-known throughout Japan for his surgical prowess, particularly his skill in treating breast cancer.[4]

In 1839 Gendai dictated the text of Mafutsuto-Ron to his student Hajime Matsuoka; this 10-page booklet has been called the earliest textbook of anaesthesia in the world. The work provides detailed instructions on the administration of mafutsuto (also known as tsusensan[6] )—a herbal cocktail developed by Seishu Hanaoka to induce anaesthesia—including pre-operative care, contraindications for the procedure and methods for assessing the depth of anaesthesia. Contemporary surgeons used Mafutsuto-Ron to guide their practice, and it inspired later Japanese texts on general anaesthesia.[5]

In 1840 Gendai published a surgical casebook titled Gekakihai-zufu (Illustrations of Surgical Cases), which contains some of the earliest known illustrations of surgery under anaesthesia;[4] and Mafutsuto-Ron would later form the first volume of Gendai's ten-volume Gekakihai (Book on Surgical Treatment), published in 1851[2][7] or 1854.[5] Gendai also published books on anatomical illustration and the treatment of sword wounds,[5] and taught over 300 medical students. He died in 1854[7] or 1855.[4]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Sometimes referred to as "Keishu" rather than "Gendai",[2][3] a title he had been granted by Hanaoka.[4]

References[]

  1. ^ Dote, K; Ikemune, K; Desaki, Y; Yorozuya, T (2013). "Pre 1846 Illustrations of a Patient Undergoing Surgery During General Anesthesia". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 116 (6): 1391–1392. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31828e569a. ISSN 0003-2999.
  2. ^ a b "Geka kihai". Wellcome Collection. Archived from the original on 1 July 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  3. ^ O’Neill, D (2014). "Commentary on "Surgery for Breast Cancer"". Academic Medicine. 89 (11): 1459. doi:10.1097/01.ACM.0000456041.88945.61. hdl:2262/75561. ISSN 1040-2446.
  4. ^ a b c d e Dote, K; Ikemune, K; Desaki, Y; Nandate, H; Konisi, A; Yorozuya, T; Makino, H (2017). "Two Japanese Pioneers in Anesthesiology: Seishū Hanaoka and Gendai Kamada". Journal of Anesthesia History. 3 (1): 19–23. doi:10.1016/j.janh.2016.12.002. ISSN 2352-4529.
  5. ^ a b c d Dote, K; Ikemune, K; Desaki, Y; Yorozuya, T; Makino, H (2015). "Mafutsuto-Ron: The First Anesthesia Textbook in the World. Bibliographic Review and English Translation". Journal of Anesthesia History. 1 (4): 102–110. doi:10.1016/j.janh.2015.10.005. ISSN 2352-4529.
  6. ^ Matsuki, A (2015). "[Seishu Hanaoka Did Not Describe His Anesthetic as Tsusensan--A Misunderstanding of the Terms Mafutsusan and Tsusensan]". Masui (in Japanese). 64 (10): 1101–5. PMID 26742420.
  7. ^ a b Mestler, GE (1956). "A galaxy of old Japanese medical books". Bulletin of the Medical Library Association. 44 (2).

External links[]

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