Gene-environment interplay

Gene-environment interplay, also known as nature-nurture interplay,^[1] is a term encompassing multiple ways that genes and environments work together to produce phenotypic traits. Processes classified as examples of gene-environment interplay include gene-environment interaction, gene-environment correlation,^[2] epigenetics,^[3] and modifications of the heritability of traits by environmental factors.^[4] It is often studied with behavioral genetic research designs like twin, family, and adoption studies.^[2]

References[]

^ Rutter, Sir Michael J. (2006-02-14). Genes and Behavior: Nature-Nurture Interplay Explained. Wiley. ISBN 9781405110624.
^ ^a ^b Neiderhiser, Jenae M.; Liu, Chang; Griffin, Amanda M. (2018). "Gene–Environment Interplay". In Bornstein, Marc H. (ed.). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Lifespan Human Development. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi:10.4135/9781506307633.n349. ISBN 9781506307657.CS1 maint: location (link)
^ Sokolowski, Maria B.; Goodwin, Stephen F. (2012-09-13). Gene-Environment Interplay. Academic Press. pp. ix. ISBN 9780123876874.
^ Rutter, Michael; Moffitt, Terrie E.; Caspi, Avshalom (March 2006). "Gene-environment interplay and psychopathology: multiple varieties but real effects". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 47 (3–4): 226–261. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01557.x. ISSN 0021-9630. PMID 16492258.

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[1] Rutter, Sir Michael J. (2006-02-14). Genes and Behavior: Nature-Nurture Interplay Explained. Wiley. ISBN 9781405110624.

[sage-2] Neiderhiser, Jenae M.; Liu, Chang; Griffin, Amanda M. (2018). "Gene–Environment Interplay". In Bornstein, Marc H. (ed.). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Lifespan Human Development. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi:10.4135/9781506307633.n349. ISBN 9781506307657.CS1 maint: location (link)

[3] Sokolowski, Maria B.; Goodwin, Stephen F. (2012-09-13). Gene-Environment Interplay. Academic Press. pp. ix. ISBN 9780123876874.

[4] Rutter, Michael; Moffitt, Terrie E.; Caspi, Avshalom (March 2006). "Gene-environment interplay and psychopathology: multiple varieties but real effects". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 47 (3–4): 226–261. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01557.x. ISSN 0021-9630. PMID 16492258.

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