General principles of assessment

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Principles of assessment serve as a guidelines to ensure that a test is useful, appropriate, effective, and plausible.[1] This principles are crucial to be taken into consideration because assessment is an important aspect of educational process which determines the level of accomplishments of students.[2]

Five principles[]

There are five general principles of assessment:[1][3]

Practicality[]

This principle refers to the time and cost constraints during the construction and administration of an assessment instrument.[1] Meaning that the test should be economical to provide. The format of the test should be simple to understand. Moreover, solving a test should remain within suitable time. It is generally simple to administer. Its assessment procedure should be particular and time-efficient.[4]

Reliability[]

The principle of reliability refers to the stability of scores over time and different raters. There are four types of reliability: student-related which can be personal problems, sickness, or fatigue, rater-related which includes bias and subjectivity, test administration-related which is the conditions of test taking process, test-related which is basically related to the nature of a test.[5][1][4]

Validity[]

Validity refers to the tests that measure what it claims to measure.[1][5]

Authenticity[]

The assessment instrument is authentic when it is contextualized, contains natural language and meaningful, relevant, and interesting topic, and replicates real world experiences.[1]

Washback[]

This principle refers to the consequence of an assessment on teaching and learning within classrooms.[1] Washback can be positive and negative. Positive washback refers to the desired effects of a test, while negative washback refers to the negative consequences of a test. In order to have positive washback, instructional planning can be used.[6]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Brown, Douglas; Abeywickrama, Priyanvada (2010). Language Assessment, Principles and Classroom Practices. The United States of America: Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-0-13-814931-4.
  2. ^ Oxford Brookes University. "Purposes and principles of assessment". www.brookes.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-10-09.
  3. ^ Oxford Brookes University. "Principles of assessment". www.brookes.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-10-09.
  4. ^ a b "Reliability, Validity and Practicality | Teach English | Englishpost.org". Englishpost.org. 2012-06-26. Retrieved 2018-10-30.
  5. ^ a b Fawcett, Alison (2013). Principles of Assessment and Outcome Measurement for Occupational Therapists and Physiotherapists: Theory, Skills and Application. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118709696.
  6. ^ "Understanding Assessment: Washback and Instructional Planning". www.cal.org. Retrieved 2018-10-29.
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