Geobacter metallireducens
| Geobacter metallireducens | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria
|
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | Geobacteraceae
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| Genus: | |
| Species: | G. metallireducens
|
| Binomial name | |
| Geobacter metallireducens Lovley et al. 1995
| |
Geobacter metallireducens is a gram-negative metal-reducing proteobacterium.[1] It is a strict anaerobe that oxidizes several short-chain fatty acids, alcohols, and monoaromatic compounds with Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor.[2] It can also use uranium for its growth and convert U(VI) to U(IV).[3]
Geobacter metallireducens was discovered by Derek Lovley at UMass Amherst in 1993.[1] It is an iron-reducing bacteria and it has been thought that the microbe could be used to treat industrial sites where “cyanide-metal complexes” have formed to contaminate the site.[4] Geobacter metallireducens becomes motile when necessary, producing a flagellum in order to relocate when environmental conditions become unfavorable. [4]
The genome of Geobacter metallireducens has a chromosome length of 3,997,420 bp. It has a circular bacterial chromosome, meaning there are no free ends of DNA. The shape is roughly like that of an egg.[5] Geobacter metallireducens also has a GC content of 59.51%.[5] The plasmid has a lower GC content, of 52.48%, and is 13,762 bp in length. The plasmid encodes a stabilizing protein, RelE/ParE, which allows Geobacter metallireducens to adapt and thrive in different and new environmental conditions.[6]
G. metallireducens has been demonstrated to reduce chloramphenicol (CAP) to complete dechlorination products under pure culture conditions. Research utilizing cyclic voltammograms and chronoamperometry revealed that the bacteria exhibited a negative correlation CAP removal efficiency with initial CAP dosages, displaying the organism's potential application of bioremediation in environments polluted by antibiotics.[7]
See also[]
References[]
- ^ a b Lovley DR, Giovannoni SJ, White DC, Champine JE, Phillips EJ, Gorby YA, Goodwin S (1993). "Geobacter metallireducens gen. nov. sp. nov., a microorganism capable of coupling the complete oxidation of organic compounds to the reduction of iron and other metals". Archives of Microbiology. 159 (4): 336–344. doi:10.1007/BF00290916. PMID 8387263. S2CID 21365293.
- ^ Tremblay PL, Aklujkar M, Leang C, Nevin KP, Lovley D (February 2012). "A genetic system for Geobacter metallireducens: role of the flagellin and pilin in the reduction of Fe(III) oxide". Environmental Microbiology Reports. 4 (1): 82–88. doi:10.1111/j.1758-2229.2011.00305.x. PMID 23757233.
- ^ Koribanics NM, Tuorto SJ, Lopez-Chiaffarelli N, McGuinness LR, Häggblom MM, Williams KH, Long PE, Kerkhof LJ (2015). "Spatial distribution of an uranium-respiring betaproteobacterium at the Rifle, CO field research site". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0123378. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1023378K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123378. PMC 4395306. PMID 25874721.
- ^ a b Childers SE, Ciufo S, Lovley DR (April 2002). "Geobacter metallireducens accesses insoluble Fe(III) oxide by chemotaxis". Nature. 416 (6882): 767–769. Bibcode:2002Natur.416..767C. doi:10.1038/416767a. PMID 11961561. S2CID 2967856.
- ^ a b Aklujkar M, Krushkal J, DiBartolo G, Lapidus A, Land ML, Lovley DR (May 2009). "The genome sequence of Geobacter metallireducens: features of metabolism, physiology and regulation common and dissimilar to Geobacter sulfurreducens". BMC Microbiology. 9: 109. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-109. PMC 2700814. PMID 19473543.
- ^ Anantharaman V, Aravind L (2003). "New connections in the prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin network: relationship with the eukaryotic nonsense-mediated RNA decay system". Genome Biology. 4 (12): R81. doi:10.1186/gb-2003-4-12-r81. PMC 329420. PMID 14659018.
- ^ Xu, H., Xiao, L., Zheng, S. et al. "Reductive degradation of chloramphenicol by Geobacter metallireducens". Sci. China Technol. Sci. 62, 1688–1694 (2019). doi:10.1007/s11431-018-9415-2
Further reading[]
- Eickhoff M, Birgel D, Talbot HM, Peckmann J, Kappler A (2013). "Bacteriohopanoid inventory of Geobacter sulfurreducens and Geobacter metallireducens". Organic Geochemistry. 58: 107–114. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.02.013. ISSN 0146-6380.
- Schleinitz KM, Schmeling S, Jehmlich N, von Bergen M, Harms H, Kleinsteuber S, Vogt C, Fuchs G (June 2009). "Phenol degradation in the strictly anaerobic iron-reducing bacterium Geobacter metallireducens GS-15". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 75 (12): 3912–3919. doi:10.1128/AEM.01525-08. PMC 2698347. PMID 19376902.
- Zhang T, Tremblay PL, Chaurasia AK, Smith JA, Bain TS, Lovley DR (22 May 2014). "Identification of genes specifically required for the anaerobic metabolism of benzene in Geobacter metallireducens". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5: 245. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00245. PMC 4033198. PMID 24904558.
External links[]
- Desulfuromonadales
- Bacteria described in 1993