Geriatric psychiatry
System | Nervous system, Mental health |
---|---|
Significant diseases | Alzheimer's disease, Vascular dementia, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, Depression, Bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia, Delirium, Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, Substance use disorder |
Significant tests | Mental status examination, Cognitive testing, Neuroimaging |
Specialist | Geriatric psychiatrist |
Geriatric psychiatry, also known as geropsychiatry, psychogeriatrics or psychiatry of old age, is a branch of medicine and a subspecialty of psychiatry dealing with the study, prevention, and treatment of neurodegenerative, cognitive impairment, and mental disorders in people of old age.[1][2][3] Geriatric psychiatry as a subspecialty has significant overlap with the specialties of geriatric medicine, behavioural neurology, neurology, and general psychiatry. Geriatric psychiatry has become an official subspecialty of psychiatry with a defined curriculum of study and core competencies.[4]
History[]
Origins[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Alois_Alzheimer_003.jpg/220px-Alois_Alzheimer_003.jpg)
The origins of geriatric psychiatry began with Alois Alzheimer, a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist who first identified amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in a fifty-year-old woman he called Auguste D. These plaques and tangles were later identified as being responsible for her behavioural symptoms, short-term memory loss, and psychiatric symptoms.[5] These brain anomalies would become identifiers of what later became known as Alzheimer's disease.[6]
Subspecialty[]
The subspecialty of geriatric psychiatry originated in the United Kingdom in the 1950s.[7]
Naming[]
The geropsychiatric unit, the term for a hospital-based geriatric psychiatry program, was first introduced in 1984 by Norman White MD, when he opened New England's first specialized program at a community hospital in Rochester, New Hampshire. White is a pioneer in geriatric psychiatry, being among the first psychiatrists nationally to achieve board certification in the field. The prefix psycho- had been proposed for the geriatric program, but White, knowing New Englanders' aversion to anything psycho- lobbied successfully for the name geropsychiatric rather than psychogeriatrics.[citation needed]
Diseases[]
Diseases and disorders diagnosed or managed by geriatric psychiatrists include:[8][9][10]
- Dementia
- Neuropsychiatric complications from stroke, multiple sclerosis
- Late-life presentations of psychiatric disorders
- Medical-Psychiatric Disorders
- Substance use disorder
Geriatric Psychiatrist[]
Occupation | |
---|---|
Names | Doctor, Medical Specialist |
Occupation type | Specialty |
Activity sectors | Medicine |
Description | |
Education required |
|
Fields of employment | Hospitals, Clinics |
A geriatric psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in the field of medical sub-specialty called geriatric psychiatrist. A geriatric psychiatrist holds a board certification after specialized training after attaining a medical degree, residency, and an additional geriatric psychiatry fellowship training program. The requirements may vary by countries. Geriatric psychiatrist are also psychiatrists who are qualified in the general diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Some geriatric psychiatrists also conduct research to determine the cause and better treatments for neurodegenerative disorders and late-life mental health disorders.[11]
Geriatric psychiatrists may perform neurological examinations, mental status examination, laboratory investigations, neuroimaging, cognitive assessments to investigate the causes of psychiatric or neurologic symptoms in old age.[12]
Training[]
International[]
The International Psychogeriatric Association is an international community of scientists and healthcare geriatric professionals working for mental health in aging.[13] International Psychogeriatrics is the official journal of the International Psychogeriatric Association.[14]
Canada[]
The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada is responsible for training and certifying geriatric psychiatrists in Canada. Geriatric psychiatry requires an additional year of subspecialty fellowship training in addition to general psychiatry training.[15]
United Kingdom[]
The Royal College of Psychiatrists is responsible for training and certifying psychiatrists in the United Kingdom. Within the Royal College of Psychiatrists, the Faculty of Old Age Psychiatry is responsible for training in Old Age Psychiatry. Doctors who have membership of the Royal College of Psychiatrists can undertake a three or four year training programme to become a specialist in Old Age Psychiatry. There is currently a shortage of old age psychiatrists in the United Kingdom.[16]
United States[]
The American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry (AAGP) is the national organization representing health care providers specializing in late life mental disorders. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry[17] is the official journal of the AAGP.[18] The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and the American Osteopathic Board of Neurology and Psychiatry both issue a board certification in geriatric psychiatry.[19][20]
After a 4-year residency in psychiatry, a psychiatrist can complete a one-year fellowship in geriatric psychiatry. Many fellowships in geriatric psychiatry exist.[21]
See also[]
References[]
- ^ Barraclough, J.; Gill, D. (1996). Hughes' outline of modern psychiatry. (4th ed.) New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-96358-5
- ^ Bowden, V.M.; Long, M.J. (1995). Geriatric psychiatry. Journal of the American Medical Association, 273, 1395.
- ^ Harkins, S. (16 April 2003). "Glossary of Terms". Retrieved 17 October 2007.
- ^ https://cgjonline.ca/index.php/cgj/article/view/66/106
- ^ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/gps.930050603
- ^ "Alois Alzheimer". Biography.com. 2 April 2014. Archived from the original on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- ^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227676404_The_Development_of_Old_Age_Psychiatry_in_the_UK
- ^ http://www.cagp.ca/page-1257712
- ^ "Alzheimer's or depression: Could it be both? - Mayo Clinic". www.mayoclinic.org. Retrieved 2019-11-20.
- ^ "Depression in older adults: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2019-11-20.
- ^ https://www.aagponline.org/index.php?src=gendocs&ref=FactSheetFederallyFundedPrograms&category=Advocacy
- ^ https://www.aagponline.org/index.php?src=gendocs&ref=CareersGeriatricPsychiatry&category=Main
- ^ "International Psychogeriatric Association". www.ipa-online.org.
- ^ "Psychogeriatrics journal".
- ^ http://www.cagp.ca/page-1257712
- ^ Blewett, Charlotte; Milward, Kate; Bailey, Alex; McAlpine, Lynsey (June 2019). "Recruitment into old age psychiatry". BJPsych Bulletin: 131–135. doi:10.1192/bjb.2018.112. ISSN 2056-4694.
- ^ http://ajgponline.org/ The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- ^ "American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry". www.aagponline.org.
- ^ "Geriatric Psychiatry". American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology.
- ^ "Specialties & Subspecialties". American Osteopathic Association. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
- ^ "Geriatric psychiatry fellowship". Archived from the original on 2008-12-30. Retrieved 2008-10-24.
- Geriatric psychiatry
- Geriatrics