Ghaliyya Al Bogammiah
Ghaliya or Ghaliyya Al-Badry Al_Bogammiah (Arabic: غالية البقمية; died 1818) was a Saudi woman who led military resistance to prevent the Ottoman recapture of Mecca during the Ottoman–Wahhabi War. She was given the title Amira, which is the female version of the title Emir, in recognition of her acts.[1]
Biography[]
Ghaliyya bint Abdelrahman Al-Bogammy[2] was a Hanbali Bedouin from Tarba[a] near Ta'if southeast of Mecca. Ghaliyya was the wife of prince Hamad Ben Abduallah ben-Umhay the Saudi governor of Tarba.[3] In the early 19th-century, Mecca was under attack from the Ottoman Empire, and she formed a military resistance movement to defend Mecca against the Ottoman forces.[4]
She was credited with boldness and strategic ability, and chronicles describe her participation: "Never had the resistance of the Arab tribes from the vicinity of Mecca been so strong as was that of the Arabs of Tarba[a] ... . They had at their head a woman who bore the name of Ghaliyya."[5]
Specifically, this was to have taken place at the Battle of Turaba[a] in 1814: "A number of incidents ensued (including a Saudi victory under the command of a woman, Ghaliya, at the Battle of Turaba[a] in 1814)...",[6] and: "Initially, Muhammad Ali suffered a series of military failures. In late 1813 and early 1814, his troops were defeated near Turaba[a] and Qunfudha. In the Turaba[a] battle, the Wahhabis were commanded by a woman, named Ghaliya, to whom the Egyptians immediately ascribed the power of casting the evil eye".[7]
Notes[]
^ a: Different spellings including: Turabah, Turaba, or Tarba.
References[]
- ^ Fatima Mernissi, The Forgotten Queens of Islam, p. 20
- ^ al-Furaih, Rawan. "غالية البقمية: قائدة سعوديّة ظنَّها العثمانيون ساحرة". Thmanyah. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ^ "Ghaliyya Al Bogammiah". al-hakawati. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ^ Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer: Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide
- ^ Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo Lakeland (2003). The forgotten queens of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-579868-5.
- ^ Ménoret, Pascal. The Saudi Enigma: A History. Zed Books. p. 76. ISBN 978-1842776056.
- ^ Vassiliev, Alexei (2000). The History of Saudi Arabia. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0814788097. (Chapter 5).
External links[]
- Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer: Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide
- Women in 19th-century warfare
- Women in war in the Middle East
- 19th-century women
- Saudi Arabian women
- 1818 deaths