Gloydius

Gloydius
	Gloydius blomhoffii, Japanese mamushi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Viperidae
Subfamily:	Crotalinae
Genus:	Gloydius; Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1981
Synonyms
	Trigonocephalus ; — Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822; Halys ; — Gray, 1849; Ancistrodon ; — Boulenger, 1896; Agkistrodon ; — Stejneger, 1907; Gloydius ; Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1981; Gloydins [sic] ; Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1983 ; (ex errore);

Gloydius is a genus of venomous pitvipers endemic to Asia, also known as Asian moccasins or Asian ground pit vipers. Named after American herpetologist Howard K. Gloyd,^[2] this genus is very similar to the North American genus Agkistrodon. 24 species are currently recognized.^[3]

Geographic range[]

Species of Gloydius are found in Russia, east of the Ural Mountains through Siberia, Iran, Himalayas from Pakistan, India, Nepal, China, Korea, Japan and the Ryukyu Islands.^[1]

Species[]

Species^[3]	Taxon author^[3]	Subsp.*^[3]	Common name^[4]	Geographic range^[1]
	Shi, Yang, Huang Orlov, & Li, 2018	0	Zoige pit viper	China, (Sichuan, Qinghai, and Gansu).
G. blomhoffii	(Stejneger, 1907)	3	Japanese mamushi	Japan.
G. brevicauda	(H. Boie, 1826)	0	Short-tailed mamushi	North Korea, South Korea, and China.
	(Eichwald, 1831)	0	Karaganda pitviper	Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan.
	(Nikolsky, 1916)	0	Caucasian pitviper	Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, and Afghanistan.
	Li, 1999	0		China.
	(Gloyd, 1977)	0	Alashan pitviper	China.
G. halys^T	(Pallas, 1776)	4	Siberian pitviper	Russia, east of the Ural Mountains through Siberia, Iran, Mongolia to northern and central China, as well as the southern Ryukyu Islands.
G. himalayanus	(Günther, 1864)	0	Himalayan pitviper	Along the southern slopes of the Himalayas from northeastern Pakistan, to northern India (Kashmir, Punjab) and Nepal. Found at 1524–3048 m altitude.
	Wang, Ren, Dong, Jiang, Shi, Siler, & Che, 2019	0	Lancang Plateau viper	Tibet.
G. intermedius	(Strauch, 1868)	2	Central Asian pitviper	Southeastern Azerbaijan, northern Iran, southern Turkmenistan, northwestern Afghanistan, southern Russia, northwestern China and Mongolia.
	Shi, Liu, Giri, Owens, Santra, Kuttalam, Selvan, Guo, & Malhotra, 2021	0	Nujiang pit viper	China.
	Liu, Song, & Luo, 1989	0		Gansu, China.
G. monticola	(, 1922)	0	Likiang pitviper	The mountains of northern Yunnan in China.
	Song & Chen, 1985	0		Shaanxi, China.
	Wagner, Tiutenko, Borkin, & Simonov, 2015			Kyrgyzstan
	, , , , , , , , & , 2017	0		Tibetan Plateau.
G. saxatilis	(, 1937)	0	Rock mamushi^[5]	Russia (eastern Siberia), northeastern China and North and South Korea.
G. shedaoensis	(Zhao, 1979)	0	Shedao island pitviper	Shedao Island, off the coast of Liaotung, China.
	(Rendahl, 1933)	0	Gobi pitviper	China and Mongolia.
G. strauchi	(Bedriaga, 1912)	0	Strauch's pitviper	The Tibetan Plateau in the provinces of Tsinghai and western Szechwan, China.
	Shi, Liu, Giri, Owens, Santra, Kuttalam, Selvan, Guo, & Malhotra, 2021	0		China.
G. tsushimaensis	(, & , 1994)	0	Tsushima Island pitviper	Tsushima Island, Japan.
G. ussuriensis	(Emelianov, 1929)	0	Ussuri mamushi	Far east Russia (Primorskiy Kray), northeastern China, North and South Korea, as well as Quelpart Island.

*) Not including the nominate subspecies.
^T) Type species.

Taxonomy[]

Due to the strong morphological similarity, these snakes were classified in the genus Agkistrodon until very recently. However, by 1999 cladistic studies clearly showed that Agkistrodon did not form a clade (indeed, it was not even paraphyletic) and was thus split into several genera.

A new species, G. tsushimaensis, was described by Isogawa, Moriya & Mitsui (1994). It is referred to as the Tsushima island pitviper and is found only on Tsushima Island, Japan.

References[]

^ ^a ^b ^c McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Gloydius, p. 102).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Gloydius ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 17 October 2006.
^ Gumprecht A, Tillack F, Orlov NL, Captain A, Ryabov S (2004). Asian Pitvipers. First Edition. Berlin: Geitje Books. 368 pp. ISBN 3-937975-00-4.
^ Gloyd HK, Conant R (1990). Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp., 52 plates. LCCN 89-50342. ISBN 0-916984-20-6.

External links[]

Gloydius at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 12 December 2007.
Taxonomy comparison by Dr. Wolfgang Wüster at Dr. Brian Grieg Fry's Int'l Venom & Toxin Database. Accessed 25 July 2007.

[McD99-1] McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).

[2] Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Gloydius, p. 102).

[ITIS-3] "Gloydius ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 17 October 2006.

[Gum04-4] Gumprecht A, Tillack F, Orlov NL, Captain A, Ryabov S (2004). Asian Pitvipers. First Edition. Berlin: Geitje Books. 368 pp. ISBN 3-937975-00-4.

[G&C90-5] Gloyd HK, Conant R (1990). Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp., 52 plates. LCCN 89-50342. ISBN 0-916984-20-6.

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