Golden Balls

Golden Balls
Genre	Game show
Directed by	Julian Smith Kate Douglas-Walker
Presented by	Jasper Carrott
Starring	Amanda Grant
Country of origin	United Kingdom
Original language	English
No. of series	6
No. of episodes	289
Production
Running time	60 minutes (inc. adverts)
Production company	Initial
Distributor	Endemol Shine Group
Release
Original network	ITV
Picture format	16:9
Original release	18 June 2007 (2007-06-18) – 18 December 2009 (2009-12-18)

Golden Balls was a British daytime game show which was presented by Jasper Carrott. It was broadcast on the ITV network from 18 June 2007 to 18 December 2009. It was filmed at the BBC Television Centre. Golden Balls Ltd licensed their name to Endemol for the game show and merchandise.

Gameplay[]

Round 1[]

At the back of the studio is the "Golden Bank," a giant contraption like a lottery machine. Inside are 100 golden balls, containing cash values that range from £10 to £75,000. Twelve of these balls are randomly drawn from the Golden Bank and put into a mixer, and four "Killer" balls are added by Amanda Grant, referred to by Carrott as the "Balls' Assistant" or "Killer Queen." These 16 balls are split equally and randomly among four contestants, each of whom places two balls on their own front and back row holders without looking inside. As Carrott introduces the contestants, they open their front-row balls for all to see.

Following the introductions, the contestants each secretly look at their own back-row balls and announce the contents; they may either tell the truth or lie as they see fit. They then discuss who they think is lying and try to establish who has the worst set of balls, in terms of the lowest total value and/or the most Killer balls. Each contestant secretly casts one vote as to whom they want to remove from the game. The contestant who receives the most votes is eliminated with no winnings. In the event of a two-way tie, the contestants not involved in it must discuss further and try to reach a consensus. If they do, the chosen contestant is eliminated; if not, each tied contestant is given one more ball at random, dispensed from the mixer. One is a Killer, the other is empty, and the person who receives the Killer is out of the game. If every contestant receives one vote, all four continue their discussion; the first three to reach an agreement on who should be eliminated advance to the next round.

All four contestants reveal their back-row balls, and the eliminated contestant must then "bin" their balls, dropping them down a chute and removing them permanently from play.^[1]

Round 2[]

The remaining balls from the three surviving contestants are closed and put into the mixer. Two more cash balls are drawn from the Golden Bank, and one more Killer is added to give a total of 15 balls in play. Each contestant receives five balls, placing two on their front row and three on their back, and play proceeds as in Round 1.

Bin or Win?[]

The two remaining contestants' balls are again closed and put back into the mixer, and one more Killer ball is added to give a total of 11 balls in play. The balls are mixed and placed on a table, with the contestants seated at opposite ends. Starting with the contestant who brought more money into this round, each first chooses one ball to "bin" (eliminate) and then one to "win" (place in the jackpot). Each ball is opened as it is chosen. If a cash ball is chosen to win, its value is added to the potential jackpot; if a Killer is chosen, the jackpot is immediately divided by 10. Any "win" Killers that are found before the first "win" cash ball do not affect the jackpot. The contestants take turns choosing until they have five "win" balls, after which the one remaining ball is opened and binned.

Depending on the distribution of the balls in the first two rounds, the number of Killers in play at the start of this round can range from one to six.

Split or Steal?[]

Each contestant is given a set of two balls, one each marked "Split" and "Steal," and must secretly choose one to indicate their intentions after looking inside to confirm which is which. The contestants may speak to each other and ask Carrott for advice before making their decision.

• If both choose Split, they each receive half the jackpot.
• If one chooses Steal and the other chooses Split, the Steal contestant wins the entire jackpot and the Split contestant leaves with nothing.
• If both choose Steal, neither contestant wins any money.

The "Split or Steal?" game element, essentially a variant of the prisoner's dilemma, was also used on Shafted, a previous Endemol production, and on the American game show Friend or Foe?. The Dutch television show De Verraders also used this game element but with a twist: if both choose to steal, then the runner-up rather than either of the two finalists would win the prize. In this approach, the prize is always awarded to at least one contestant.

Transmissions[]

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Series	Start date	End date	Episodes
1	18 June 2007	10 August 2007	40
2	2 January 2008	21 March 2008	60
3	21 April 2008	4 July 2008	80
4	27 October 2008	13 February 2009	54
5	27 April 2009	4 September 2009	54
6	2 November 2009	18 December 2009	35

Scientific research[]

Golden Balls has attracted attention from social scientists as a natural experiment on cooperation.^[2][3] A team of economists including Richard Thaler have analysed the decisions of the final contestants and found, among other things, the following:

• Individual players on average choose split (to cooperate) 53 percent of the time.
• Contestants' propensity to cooperate is surprisingly high for amounts that would normally be considered consequential but look tiny in their current context, what the authors label a "big peanuts" phenomenon.
• Contestants are less likely to cooperate if their opponent has tried to vote them off the show in the first two rounds of the game, which is in line with the notion that people have an intrinsic preference for reciprocity.
• There is little evidence that contestants' propensity to cooperate depends positively on the likelihood that their opponent will cooperate (i.e., they find little evidence for conditional cooperation).
• Young males are less cooperative than young females, but this gender effect reverses for older contestants since men become increasingly more cooperative as their age increases.^[2]

Two evolutionary biologists, including Stuart West, have also analysed the correlates of decisions of the final contestants and found similar results. In addition, they also found the following:

• Contestants were less likely to split when their partner had previously lied about the value of their cash balls, but not to hide their killer balls.
• Contestants that promised to split were more likely to split.
• Contestants that initiated laughter were more likely to split.
• In contrast, contestants that initiated physical contact were less likely to split, and being touched was also correlated with being less likely to split.^[3]

Reception[]

The first show opened with 1.6 million viewers. Viewership climbed to a steady 2 million viewers. In the same 17:00 timeslot, eight of the first eleven episodes beat Channel 4's Richard & Judy, and The Weakest Link on BBC Two also took a dent from the show's success. Series 2 went on to average 2.1 million viewers in early 2008. As of summer 2009, the show's popularity fell; it attracted only around 1.2 million viewers, which led to the show's termination on 18 December 2009. It is still regularly shown throughout the week on Challenge in the UK and Republic of Ireland although usually during off-peak times. It is now also showing on ITV again but usually after midnight.^[1][4]

British psychologist Adrian Raine criticised the show, arguing that it "encourages deceitfulness", and that many of its contestants are celebrated for displaying "characteristics of psychopathy".^[5] In a review of another ITV quiz show—The Colour of Money—Charlie Brooker criticised Golden Balls' rules, saying that "[Golden Balls] has more rules and clauses than the European Convention on Human Rights"^[6]

Home versions[]

A video game was released on the Nintendo DS and Wii platforms, and another version for mobile devices was released in 2007. In 2008, an interactive DVD game was released by Channel 4. Other versions include an electronic board game in 2007 and a card game in 2008.^[7][8][9]

International versions[]

An Argentine version aired on América Televisión in 2008, hosted by Horacio Cabak.^[10]

Country	Local name	Host(s)	Network	Year aired
Argentina	Golden Balls	Horacio Cabak	América Televisión	2008

References[]

External links[]

• Golden Balls at IMDb.
• Golden Balls Official Endemol UK Site.
• Scientific paper on Golden Balls at SSRN.com.
• Golden Balls at crashthatch.com.
• Golden Balls Mobile Game Official Gameloft UK Site.
• "Golden Balls Game Online" – Review of where to play Golden Balls Online.