Golden Globe Awards

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Golden Globe Awards
Current: 78th Golden Globe Awards
Golden Globe Trophy.jpg
The Golden Globe Award trophy
Awarded forExcellence in film and television
CountryUnited States
Presented byHollywood Foreign Press Association since 1943
First awardedJanuary 20, 1944; 77 years ago (1944-01-20)
Websitegoldenglobes.com
Television/radio coverage
NetworkTBD

The Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 87 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association beginning in January 1944,[1] recognizing excellence in both American and international film and television.

The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is normally held every January, and is a major part of the film industry's awards season, which culminates each year in the Academy Awards. The eligibility period for the Golden Globes corresponds to the calendar year (from January 1 through December 31), although the 78th Golden Globe Awards presented an exception to this rule due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema.

History[]

The Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) was founded in 1943 by Los Angeles-based foreign journalists seeking to develop a better organized process of gathering and distributing cinema news to non-U.S. markets.[2][3][4] One of the organization's first major endeavors was to establish a ceremony similar to the Academy Awards to honor film achievements. The 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, were held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at various venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel and the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel.

In 1950, the HFPA established a special honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as an international figure within the entertainment industry, the first award was presented to director and producer Cecil B. DeMille. The official name of the award thus became the Cecil B. DeMille Award.[5]

The 13th Golden Globe Awards held in February 1956 saw the first Golden Globe in Television Achievement. The first three permanent television award categories, Best TV Series, Best TV Actor, and Best TV Actress, then made their debuts during the 19th Golden Globe Awards held in March 1962.

Beginning in 1963, the trophies commenced to be handed out by one or more persons (exclusively female at first) referred to as "Miss Golden Globe", a title renamed on January 5, 2018 to "Golden Globe Ambassador". The holders of the position were, traditionally, the daughters or sometimes the sons of a celebrity, and as a point of pride, these often continued to be contested among celebrity parents.[6]

In 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned (but not for the first time in its history). The New York firm Society Awards collaborated for a year with the HFPA to produce a statuette that included a unique marble and enhanced the statuette's quality and gold content. It was unveiled at a press conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show.[7]

The Carol Burnett Award was created as a television counterpart to the Cecil B. DeMille Award, named after its first recipient in 2019, actress and comedian Carol Burnett.[8]

Revenues generated from the annual ceremony have enabled the HFPA to donate millions of dollars to entertainment-related charities, as well as funding scholarships and other programs for future film and television professionals. The most prominent beneficiary is the Young Artist Awards, presented annually by the Young Artist Foundation, established in 1978 by Hollywood Foreign Press member Maureen Dragone, to recognize and award excellence of young Hollywood performers under the age of 21 and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically or financially challenged.[9][10][11]

Rules[]

Eligibility[]

The qualifying eligibility period for all nominations is the calendar year from January 1 through December 31.[12]

Voice-over performances and cameo appearances in which persons play themselves are not eligible from all of the film and TV acting categories.

Films must be at least 70 minutes and released for at least a seven-day run in the Greater Los Angeles area, starting prior to midnight on December 31. Films can be released in theaters, on pay-per-view, or by digital delivery.[12]

For the Best Foreign Language Film category, films do not need to be released in the United States. At least 51 percent of the dialogue must be in a language other than English, and they must first be released in their country of origin during a 14-month period from November 1 to December 31 prior to the Awards. However, if a film was not released in its country of origin due to censorship, it can still qualify if it had a one-week release in the United States during the qualifying calendar year. There is no limit to the number of submitted films from a given country.[12]

A TV program must air in the United States between the prime time hours of 8 p.m. and 11 p.m (or 7 p.m. and 11 p.m on Sundays). A show can air on broadcast television, on basic or premium cable, or by digital delivery; it does not qualify if it is only on pay-per-view or via digital delivery of film. Also, a TV show must either be made in the United States or be a co-production financially and creatively between an American and a foreign production company. Furthermore, reality and non-scripted shows are disqualified.[12]

A film cannot be entered in both the film and TV categories, and instead should be entered based on its original release format. If it was first aired on American television, then it can be entered into the TV categories. If it was released in theaters or on pay-per-view, then it should instead be entered into the film categories. A film festival showing does not count towards disqualifying what would otherwise be a TV program.[12]

Actors in a TV series must appear in at least six episodes during the qualifying calendar year. Actors in a TV film or miniseries must appear in at least five percent of the time in that TV film or miniseries.[12]

Screening requirements[]

Active HFPA members need to be invited to an official screening of each eligible film directly by its respective distributor or publicist. The screening must take place in the Greater Los Angeles area, either before the film's release or up to one week afterwards. The screening can be a regular screening in a theater with the public or a press screening; it does not need to be an HFPA member-only event. The screening must also be cleared with the Motion Picture Association of America so there are no scheduling conflicts with other official screenings.[12]

For TV programs, they must merely be available to be seen by HFPA members in any common format, including the original TV broadcast.

Nominations and voting[]

Entry forms for films need to be received by the HFPA within ten days of the official screening. TV programs should be submitted "as early as possible" before the deadline.[12]

As part of their regular journalistic jobs, active HFPA members will participate in covering the press conferences, and interviewing cast members, of selected films and TV programs. The film press conferences need to take place either before the film's release in the Greater Los Angeles area or up to one week afterwards.[12]

Ballots to select the nominations are sent to HFPA members in November, along with a "Reminder List" of eligible film and TV programs.[13] Each HFPA member then votes for their top five choices in each category, numbering them 5 to 1, with 5 being their top choice. The nominees in each category are then the five selections that receive the most votes. The ranked voting is only used to break ties, with number 5 worth 5 points, number 4 worth 4 points, and so on.[12]

After the nominations are announced in mid-December, HFPA members receive the final ballots.[13] The winner in each category is selected from among the nominees by plurality voting. In case of a tie, the winner is the one that had the most votes on the nomination ballot.[12]

Comparison of award shows[]

Comparison of award shows
Award show Institution Voting members
Golden Globes Hollywood Foreign Press Association 90
Academy Awards (Oscars) Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences 9000
Emmys Academy of Television Arts and Sciences 20000
BAFTAs British Academy of Film and Television Arts 6000

Ceremony[]

The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars and the Grammy Awards. Since 2010, it was televised live in all United States time zones. Until Ricky Gervais hosted in 2010, the award ceremony was one of two major Hollywood award ceremonies (the other being the Screen Actors Guild Awards) that did not have a regular host; every year a different presenter introduced the ceremony at the beginning of the broadcast. Gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years.[14] Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2013 through 2015. The Golden Globe Awards' theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi.[citation needed]

2008 disruption[]

Due to threats of writers picketing the event as part of the ongoing Writers Guild of America strike, the 65th Golden Globe Awards ceremony was cancelled and replaced by an hour-long press conference to announce the winners. While NBC, who normally airs the ceremony, was initially intended to be the exclusive broadcaster of the press conference, the network faced conflicts with the HFPA and Dick Clark Productions over the plan. The HFPA subsequently announced that it would not restrict coverage of the press conference by other broadcasters.[15]

E! and TV Guide Network (who are typically known for red carpet coverage from major awards shows) both aired coverage of the press conference, as well as CNN.[16][17] NBC declined to air the conference itself; the ceremony timeslot was filled by a Dateline NBC preview special, an hour-long results special hosted by Access Hollywood's Billy Bush and Nancy O'Dell, and an Access Hollywood post-show also hosted by Bush and O'Dell.[18][19][20]

Broadcasting[]

The HFPA has had a lucrative contract with NBC for decades,[21] which began broadcasting the award ceremony locally in Los Angeles in 1958, then nationally in 1964. However, in 1968, the Federal Communications Commission claimed the show "misled the public as to how the winners were determined" (allegations included that winners were determined by lobby; to motivate winners to show up to the awards ceremony winners were informed if they did not attend another winner would be named). The FCC admonished NBC for participating in the scandal. Subsequently, NBC refused to broadcast the ceremony from 1968 until after 1974.[22][23]

Since 1993, Dick Clark Productions (DCP) has produced the ceremony with NBC as a broadcaster; DCP's involvement came at a time of instability for the Golden Globes, including reduced credibility and having lost its contract with CBS (the interim period saw it contract with cable network TBS to air the ceremony).[citation needed] Enthusiastic over Clark's commitment, the HFPA's contract contained an unusual provision granting Dick Clark Productions the role of producer in perpetuity, as long as it continued to maintain broadcast rights with NBC.[24]

In 2010, Dick Clark Productions reached an extension with NBC through 2018. However, the deal was negotiated without the HFPA's knowledge. The HFPA sued DCP over the deal, as well as claims that the company was attempting to sell digital rights that it did not hold; the HFPA had wanted a new contract that would grant them a larger share of revenue from the telecast.[24]

In April 2012, judge Howard Matz upheld the NBC perpetuity clause and ruled in favor of DCP, noting that the HFPA had a history of "unbusinesslike display[s] of misplaced priorities" and "[succumbing] to bouts of pronounced turmoil and personal feuds", in contrast to DCP, which had been "represented by one experienced executive who was adept at dealing fairly and effectively with the often amateurish conduct of HFPA." Matz pointed out examples of the HFPA's enthusiasm over the relationship and their desire to "not get cancelled", such as having disregarded its own bylaws by approving an extension in 2001 without a formal vote. The case was taken to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.[24]

In 2014, Dick Clark Productions and the HFPA reached a settlement; details were not released, but DCP committed to continue its role as producer through at least the end of its current contract with NBC, and to work with the HFPA to "expand the brand with unique and exciting entertainment experiences". NBC held a right of first refusal to renew its contract beyond 2018, but bidding was to be open to other broadcasters;[25][26] in September 2018, NBC agreed to renew its rights to the Golden Globes through 2027, maintaining the current broadcast arrangement and the involvement of Dick Clark Productions.[27][28]

In 2019 and 2020, NBC televised the late Sunday afternoon National Football League (NFL) playoff game (which had historically gone to another NFL broadcaster) as a lead-in to the Golden Globes. Because of the large viewership of NFL playoff games, this was intended to boost the Golden Globes' TV ratings, which dropped 11% between 2017 and 2018.[29] If the game ever went long, NBC planned to still air the Golden Globes in its entirety on a broadcast delay.[30]

On May 10, 2021, NBC announced that it would not televise the 79th Golden Globe Awards in 2022, in support of a boycott of the HFPA by multiple media companies over inadequate efforts to address the membership diversity of the organization, but that it would be open to televising the ceremony in 2023 if the HFPA were successful in its efforts to reform.[31]

Categories[]

Motion picture awards[]

Television awards[]

Retired awards[]

Superlatives[]

Acting[]

In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive wins with eight, followed by Alan Alda, Angela Lansbury, Shirley MacLaine, and Jack Nicholson have six awards each. Behind them are Ed Asner, Carol Burnett, Laura Dern, Jessica Lange, and Rosalind Russell with five.

At the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred: a three-way tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama (Jodie Foster for The Accused, Shirley MacLaine for Madame Sousatzka, and Sigourney Weaver for Gorillas in the Mist).

Directing[]

In the category for Best Director, Elia Kazan leads with four wins, followed by Clint Eastwood, Miloš Forman, David Lean, Martin Scorsese, and Oliver Stone with three wins each. Steven Spielberg holds the record for most nominations with twelve. Francis Ford Coppola, Clint Eastwood, and Steven Soderbergh are the only directors to receive two nominations in the same year. Barbra Streisand is the first woman to have won the award.

Most awards[]

Tom Hanks, Meryl Streep and Barbra Streisand tied the record for most Golden Globes earned by an individual, having received 9 awards each, including with both competitive and honorary categories. Hanks winning as an actor and producer; all Streep wins was for acting; while Streisand prevail as an actress, composer, director, producer, as well as non-competitive the Henrietta Award. In addition, all three of them also received an honorary Cecil B. DeMille Award.

Most nominations[]

Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with 32.[34] Composer John Williams is second with 26.

Other[]

  • Two Acting Wins in Same Year
    Only four people have won two acting awards in the same year:
    • Sigourney Weaver (1989)
      • Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama, Gorillas in the Mist
      • Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture, Working Girl
    • Joan Plowright (1993)
      • Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture, Enchanted April
      • Best Supporting Actress in a Series, Miniseries or TV Film, Stalin
    • Helen Mirren (2007)
      • Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama, The Queen
      • Best Actress in a Miniseries or Television Film, Elizabeth I
    • Kate Winslet (2009)
      • Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama, Revolutionary Road
      • Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture, The Reader
  • Most awards won by a single film
    • One film has won seven Golden Globe Awards.
      • La La Land (2016)
    • Two films have won six Golden Globe Awards.
    • Four films have won five Golden Globe Awards.
      • Doctor Zhivago (1965)
      • Love Story (1970)
      • The Godfather (1972)
      • A Star Is Born (1976)
  • Most nominations received by a single film
    • Nashville, with eleven nominations
  • Highest Sweep (Winning every nominated category)
    • La La Land won all seven Golden Globes that it was nominated for.
    • One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest won all six of its nominations.
    • Both Doctor Zhivago and A Star Is Born won all five that they were respectively nominated for.
  • Most nominations without winning an award
  • Oldest person to win an award
  • Youngest person to win an award

Ratings[]

Year Day Air date
(ET)
Network Household rating 18–49 rating Viewers
(in millions)
Ref.
Rating Share Rating Share
1960 Wednesday March 9 KTTV [35][36]
1961 Friday March 17 [37]
1962 Tuesday March 6 [38]
1963 Wednesday March 6 [39]
1964 March 11 [40]
1965 Monday February 8[a] NBC [41]
1966 January 31[a] ~22 [42][43]
1967 Wednesday February 15 [44]
1968 Monday February 12 [45]
1969 N/A N/A Did not air N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A [46]
1970 N/A N/A Did not air N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A [47]
1971 N/A N/A Did not air N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A [47]
1972 N/A N/A Did not air N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A [47]
1973 Sunday January 28 Metromedia [48]
1974 Saturday January 26 [49]
1975 January 25 [50]
1976 January 24 [51]
1977 January 29 [52]
1978 Sunday January 29 NBC 19.4 30 [53]
1979 N/A N/A Did not air N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A [54]
1980 Saturday January 26 KHJ-TV [55]
1981 Saturday January 31 CBS 15.9 26 [56]
1982 January 30 13.6 24 [57]
1983 Monday January 31 Syndicated
1984 Sunday January 29
1985 January 27
1986 Friday January 24
1987 Saturday January 31
1988 January 23
1989 January 28 TBS
1990 January 20
1991 January 19
1992 January 18
1993 Monday January 25
1994 Saturday January 22 2.9 3.90 [58]
1995 January 21 2.5 3.64 [58]
1996 Sunday January 21 NBC 12.9 20 18.47 [58]
1997 January 19 13.4 21 19.87 [58]
1998 January 18 15.9 25 10.8 25 24.34 [58][59]
1999 January 24 16.1 24 10.2 23 24.18 [58][60]
2000 January 23 15.0 22 22.11 [58]
2001 January 23 14.6 21 9.9 22 22.49 [58][61]
2002 January 20 14.9 23 9.5 22 23.45 [58][62]
2003 January 19 13.4 20 7.8 17 20.10 [58][62]
2004 January 25 16.9 25 9.9 23 26.80 [58][62]
2005 January 16 11.3 17 5.7 13 16.85 [58][62]
2006 Monday January 16 12.5 18 6.3 15 18.77 [58][62]
2007 January 15 13.2 20 6.5 15 20.04 [58][62]
2008 ceremony not held
2009 Sunday January 11 NBC 9.3 14 4.9 12 14.86 [58][62]
2010 January 17 10.0 16 5.5 14 16.98 [62][63]
2011 January 16 10.0 16 5.2 14 17.00 [62][63]
2012 January 15 10.2 16 5.0 12 16.85 [62][63]
2013 January 13 11.8 18 6.4 15 19.69 [62][63]
2014 January 12 12.4 19 6.5 15 20.87 [62][63]
2015 January 11 11.4 18 5.8 16 19.31 [62][63]
2016 January 10 11.1 18 5.5 16 18.51 [62][63]
2017 January 8 11.6 19 5.6 17 20.02 [64]
2018 January 7 11.2 19 5.0 17 19.01 [65]
2019 January 6 10.7 20 5.2 20 18.61 [66]
2020 January 5 10.7 21 4.7 21 18.32 [67]
2021 February 28 1.5 10 6.91 [68]
2022 ceremony is cancelled
Notes
  1. ^ Jump up to: a b The ceremony was broadcast as a special edition of The Andy Williams Show.

Criticism[]

Henry Gris resignation[]

Former HFPA president Henry Gris resigned from the board in 1958 claiming that "certain awards are being given more or less as favors" with others querying why so many winners were represented by one public relations firm.[69]

Pia Zadora awarded "New Star of the Year in a Motion Picture" in 1982[]

In 1982, Pia Zadora won a Golden Globe in the category "New Star of the Year in a Motion Picture – Female" for her performance in Butterfly, over such competition as Elizabeth McGovern (Ragtime) and Kathleen Turner (Body Heat).[70] Accusations were made that the Foreign Press Association members had been bought off.[71] Zadora's husband, multimillionaire Meshulam Riklis, flew voting members to his casino, the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, which gave the appearance that they voted for Zadora to repay this. Riklis also invited voting members to his house for a lavish lunch and a showing of the film. He also spent a great deal on advertising.[72] Furthermore, Zadora had made her film debut some 17 years earlier as a child performer in Santa Claus Conquers the Martians.[73]

The Tourist for Best Musical/Comedy nominations in 2011[]

The nominations for the 2011 Golden Globes drew initial skepticism, as the Hollywood Foreign Press Association nominated The Tourist in its Best Musical/Comedy categories, even though it was originally advertised as a spy thriller, along with being one of the most panned films of the season. Host Ricky Gervais even jokingly asked the main star of the film, Johnny Depp, if he had seen it. Rumors then surfaced that Sony, the distributor of The Tourist, had influenced Globes voters with an all-expenses-paid trip to Las Vegas, culminating in a concert by Cher.[74]

Asian films excluded from Best Motion Picture categories[]

In 2020, the HFPA received widespread criticism for nominating Asian and Asian American films, such as The Farewell, Parasite and Minari, for Best Foreign Language Film while excluding them from the Best Motion Picture categories. The decision to categorize Minari as a foreign language film, despite having an exclusively American production team and setting, was heavily condemned by many actors and filmmakers of Asian descent.[75][76] While HFPA rules stipulate that a film must have at least 50% English dialogue to be nominated for the Best Drama or Comedy/Musical categories, critics noted that the films Inglourious Basterds and Babel did not meet the 50% threshold but were still nominated for the Best Motion Picture categories, prompting accusations of anti-Asian racism.[75]

See also[]

References[]

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