Gonyosoma
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Gonyosoma | |
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Gonyosoma oxycephalum at the Toronto Zoo | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Reptilia |
Order: | Squamata |
Suborder: | Serpentes |
Family: | Colubridae |
Subfamily: | Colubrinae |
Genus: | Gonyosoma Wagler, 1828 |
Type species | |
Gonyosoma oxycephalum | |
Species | |
Six species, see text. |
Gonyosoma is a genus of colubrid snakes.
Description[]
There are a few distinct morphological characteristics that distinguish Gonyosoma from Elaphe. In scutellation there are 2-3 supralabials that contact the eye, with typically two in G. oxycephalum, and three in G. jansenii. The supralabial at the posterior of the eye is highly arched around the back of the eye. The loreal scale is thin and elongate, and appears stretched between the preocular and the nasal. Other diagnostic features is an elongate left rudimentary lung (70–141 mm), and a distinct hemipenes structure.[1]
Behavior[]
These snakes have the ability to laterally compress and inflate the first third of their bodies when threatened. The inflated region is typically recoiled into an S, which is elevated above the horizontal forming a typical striking position. The inflation of the body exposes the black and white diagonal bands of the interstitial skin, which is particularly distinct in G. oxycephalum (Schulz 1996). In combination these adaptations impose a most ominous threat!
Species[]
The following six species are recognized as being valid.[2]
Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
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Gonyosoma boulengeri (Mocquard, 1897) | rhinoceros snake, rhino rat snake, and Vietnamese longnose snake | northern Vietnam to southern China |
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Gonyosoma frenatum (Gray, 1853) | Rein Snake | Northeast India, southern China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. |
Gonyosoma jansenii (Bleeker, 1859) | Celebes black-tailed ratsnake | Sulawesi in Indonesia | |
Gonyosoma margaritatum (W. Peters, 1871) | rainbow tree snake and royal tree snake | Malaysia and Singapore. | |
Gonyosoma oxycephalum (F. Boie, 1827) | arboreal ratsnake, the red-tailed green ratsnake, and the red-tailed racer | Southeast Asia. | |
Gonyosoma prasinum (Blyth, 1854) | green trinket snake, green bush rat snake or green ratsnake | Bangladesh, India (Darjeeling, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Burma (also known as Myanmar), northern Thailand, west Malaysia, Laos, Vietnam, China (Yunnan, Guizhou, Hainan) and Philippines. |
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Gonyosoma.
The species formerly known as Gonyosoma cantoris and Gonyosoma hodgsoni have been assigned to the genus as Othriophis cantoris and Othriophis hodgsoni, respectively.
References[]
Further reading[]
- Wagler J. 1828. Descriptiones et Icones Amphibiorum. Munich, Stuttgart and Tübingen: J.G. Cotta. Plates I-XXXVI + 81 unnumbered pages. (Gonyosoma, new genus, Plate IX + 2 unnumbered pages). (in Latin and German).
- Colubrids
- Snake genera
- Taxa named by Johann Georg Wagler
- Colubrid stubs