Gowin Knight
Gowin Knight FRS (10 September 1713 – 8 June 1772) was a British physicist who, in 1745, discovered a process for producing strongly magnetized steel. He also served as the first principal librarian of the British Museum.[1]
Biography[]
Born in Corringham, a small civil parish in Lincolnshire, he was educated at Leeds Grammar School and Magdalen Hall, Oxford. He was awarded a BA in October 1736, MA in June 1739 and MB in February 1742, after which he lived in London as a practising physician.
In 1745, Knight discovered a process for forming strongly magnetized steel, which he used to develop a compass needle able to function with greater precision. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society the same year after presenting his findings to the Society. He was honoured in 1747 with the Copley Medal in recognition of his achievements and, by 1752, his technologically advanced compasses were adopted by the Royal Navy, with renowned London instrument craftsman, George Adams, engaged in their manufacture.
In 1756, Gowin Knight received an appointment as the first principal librarian of the British Museum.[1] He died in London, three months before his 59th birthday.
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
- Capsule biography of Gowin Knight at Science & Society Picture Library website
- Gowin Knight entry at the Encyclopædia Britannica Online
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- 1713 births
- 1772 deaths
- People from West Lindsey District
- Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
- 18th-century English people
- English physicists
- English inventors
- English librarians
- Fellows of the Royal Society
- Directors of the British Museum
- Employees of the British Museum
- Recipients of the Copley Medal