Grande Boucle Féminine Internationale

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Maillot jaune from the 1993 Tour de la C.E.E. féminin, worn by winner Heidi Van De Vijver

Various professional women's cycle stage races across France have been held as an equivalent to the Tour de France for women, with the first of these races staged as a one off in 1955.[1] From 1989, a women's Tour de France was staged consistently, although the name of the event changed several times - such as Tour of the EEC Women, Tour Cycliste Féminin and Grande Boucle Féminine Internationale.[1] Over the years, the races struggled with various issues including financial difficulties, limited media coverage and trademark difficulties with Amaury Sport Organisation (the organisers of the Tour de France).[2][3]

In 2014, following criticism and campaigning from the professional peloton, Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO) - the organiser of the Tour de France - launched a one-day race for the professional peloton (La Course by Le Tour de France). From 2022, La Course will be replaced by Tour de France Femmes, a 8 day stage race in the UCI Women's World Tour, to praise from the media, campaigners and the professional peloton.

History of the races[]

1955: the Leulliot race[]

In 1955, the first edition of a women's Tour de France was held as a one off event.[1] Organised by Jean Leulliot, with the event made up of five stages with 41 athletes starting. The race was won by Manx cyclist, Millie Robinson, however there was no race organised for 1956 onwards.[1][4]

1984–1989: the Société du Tour de France races[]

Women's Tour de France
Race details
RegionFrance
Local name(s)Tour de France Féminin
DisciplineRoad
TypeStage race
OrganiserSociété du Tour de France
History
First edition1984 (1984)
Editions6
First winner Marianne Martin (USA)
Most wins Jeannie Longo (FRA) (3 wins)
Most recent Jeannie Longo (FRA)

In 1984 the Société du Tour de France, organizer of the men's Tour de France, decided that it would introduce a women's version of the Tour. From 1984 through to 1989 the race was run alongside the men's event, as a curtain raiser, with both races using the same finishing location (the women's race run over a shorter distance for each stage). In 1989 Jean-Marie Leblanc, director of the Tour de France, halted the race in its current format, citing the economic cost of organising the race with limited media coverage and sponsorship being generated. As a result of the races dissociation from the Tour de France, the name was change to the Tour of the EEC Women.[1]

Year Distance

[km]

Stages First Second Third
1984 1059 18  Marianne Martin (USA)  Heleen Hage (NED)  Deborah Shumway (USA)
1985 834.4 12 + Prologue  Maria Canins (ITA)  Jeannie Longo (FRA)  Cécile Odin (FRA)
1986 991.7 15 + Prologue  Maria Canins (ITA) (2)  Jeannie Longo (FRA)  Inga Thompson (USA)
1987 971.4 15 + Prologue  Jeannie Longo (FRA)  Maria Canins (ITA)  Ute Enzenauer (FRG)
1988 838.5 12 + Prologue  Jeannie Longo (FRA) (2)  Maria Canins (ITA)  Elizabeth Hepple (AUS)
1989 786 11 + Prologue  Jeannie Longo (FRA) (3)  Maria Canins (ITA)  Inga Thompson (USA)

1990–1992: Tour of the EEC Women[]

Tour of the EEC Women
Race details
RegionFrance
Local name(s)Tour de la C.E.E. féminin
DisciplineRoad
TypeStage race
OrganiserSociété du Tour de France (1990–1991)
Amaury Sport Organization (1992–1993)
History
First edition1990 (1990)
Editions4
Final edition1993 (1993)
First winner Catherine Marsal (FRA)
Most winsNo repeat winners
Final winner Heidi Van de Vijver (BEL)

After the change in format, calendar position and name, the race ran for a further four editions albeit with no connection to the Tour de France, through to the 1993 season.[5][1]

Year Distance

[km]

Stages First Second Third
1990 866.5 9  Catherine Marsal (FRA)  Leontien van Moorsel (NED)   (NED)
1991 1097.4 12 + Prologue   (NED)  Jeannie Longo (FRA)  Roberta Bonanomi (ITA)
1992 ? 11 + Prologue  Leontien van Moorsel (NED)  Heidi Van de Vijver (BEL)  Roberta Bonanomi (ITA)
1993 ? 11 + Prologue  Heidi Van de Vijver (BEL)  Leontien van Moorsel (NED)  Aleksandra Koliaseva (RUS)

1992–2009: the Pierre Boué races[]

Tour Cycliste Féminin (1992–1997)
Grande Boucle Féminine Internationale (1998–2009)
Race details
RegionFrance
DisciplineRoad
TypeStage race
OrganiserPierre Boué (1992–2003)
History
First edition1992 (1992)
Editions17
Final edition2009 (2009)
First winner Leontien van Moorsel (NED)
Most wins Fabiana Luperini (ITA)
 Joane Somarriba (ESP)
3 wins each
Final winner Emma Pooley (GBR)

In 1992, a new race was created, the Tour Cycliste Féminin, organised in August by Pierre Boué, but again with no connection to either the Tour de France or the ASO.[6] The race lacked stable sponsorship and with the location of stages determined by locations willing to contribute, there were long transfers between stages. Until the 1998 edition, the race was known as the Tour Cycliste Féminin, but the Société du Tour de France (now part of the ASO), organisers of the men's Tour de France, claimed that infringed their trademark and in 1999 the name of the event was changed to Grande Boucle Féminine Internationale.[7] The race was not held in 2004 due to organisational difficulties. It returned, albeit smaller in size and scope, in 2005. The previous races were 10 to 15 stages; later ones had five and stayed in one region. The race also received a lower classification by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), and had a reduced field. In 2008, the race was six days and seven stages. However, in 2009 the race was only four days long with only 66 riders, after a planned race start and three stages in Britain fell through, leading winner Emma Pooley to joke that the race was "more of a Petite Boucle than Grande."[8][9] The race was discontinued after 2009.[1]

Year Distance

[km]

Stages First Second Third
Tour Cycliste Féminin
1992 805.5 9 + Prologue  Leontien van Moorsel (NED)  Jeannie Longo (FRA)  Heidi Van De Vijver (BEL)
1993 1183.1 12 + Prologue  Leontien van Moorsel (NED) (2)  Marion Clignet (FRA)  Heidi Van De Vijver (BEL)
1994 1300 14  Valentina Polkhanova (RUS)  Rasa Polikevičiūtė (LTU)  Cécile Odin (FRA)
1995 ? 13 + Prologue  Fabiana Luperini (ITA)  Jeannie Longo (FRA)  Luzia Zberg (SUI)
1996 1238 12 + Prologue  Fabiana Luperini (ITA) (2)  Rasa Polikevičiūtė (LTU)  Jeannie Longo (FRA)
1997 1156.3 12  Fabiana Luperini (ITA) (3)  Barbara Heeb (SUI)  Linda Jackson (CAN)
Grande Boucle Féminine Internationale
1998 1392 12  Edita Pučinskaitė (LTU)  Fabiana Luperini (ITA)  Alessandra Cappellotto (ITA)
1999 1581.4 14  Diana Žiliūtė (LTU)  Valentina Polkhanova (RUS)  Edita Pučinskaitė (LTU)
2000 1456.2 14  Joane Somarriba (ESP)  Edita Pučinskaitė (LTU)   (FRA)
2001 1559.7 14  Joane Somarriba (ESP) (2)  Fabiana Luperini (ITA)  Judith Arndt (GER)
2002 1568.9 14  Zinaida Stahurskaia (BLR)  Susanne Ljungskog (SWE)  Joane Somarriba (ESP)
2003 1302.8 14  Joane Somarriba (ESP) (3)  Nicole Brändli (SUI)  Judith Arndt (GER)
2004 Race not held
2005 411.7 6  Priska Doppmann (SUI)  Edwige Pitel (FRA)  Christiane Soeder (AUT)
2006 467.4 5  Nicole Cooke (GBR)  Maryline Salvetat (FRA)  Tatsiana Sharakova (BLR)
2007 404.5 5  Nicole Cooke (GBR) (2)  Priska Doppmann (SUI)  Emma Pooley (GBR)
2008 556.9 7  Christiane Soeder (AUT)  Karin Thürig (SUI)  Nicole Cooke (GBR)
2009 306.5 4  Emma Pooley (GBR)  Christiane Soeder (AUT)  Marianne Vos (NED)

Other significant French stage races[]

French women's stage racing continued after the Grande Boucle ceased, with at least two further stage races - the Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin and the Route de France Féminine. As with the Grande Boucle, neither of these races had a direct relationship with the Tour de France. Following further financial and organisational difficulties, France was left with no major women's stage race after the Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin and the Route de France Féminine finished in 2010 and 2016 respectively.[10]

Subsequent ASO races[]

La Course by Le Tour de France[]

Main article: La Course by Le Tour de France

Following criticism by the professional women's peloton and campaigners such as Kathryn Bertine regarding the lack of a women's Tour de France,[11][12] the organisers of the Tour de France (ASO) launched La Course by Le Tour de France in 2014.[13][14] This race would be held in conjunction with the Tour de France, with the first edition taking place as a one-day race on the Champs-Élysées in advance of the final stage of the men's race. In subsequent years, the race took place in a variety of locations such as Pau, Col de la Colombière and Col d'Izoard in conjunction with the men's race, as the ASO argued that this was the "best way to shine a light on female cycling".[13][15]

The race was initially praised for the exposure gained by 'sharing the stage' with the Tour de France, however La Course was criticised for not being a "full Tour de France", being overshadowed by the men's race and not having a challenging enough parcours.[15][16][17][18] ASO were also criticised for not doing enough to promote the race.[18][19] ASO stated that logistical issues mean that a men's and women's Tour de France would not be able to be staged simultaneously,[14] and that any race must be financially sustainable.[18][20]

Tour de France Femmes[]

Main article: Tour de France Femmes

In June 2021, ASO announced that they would launch a new women's stage race, Tour de France Femmes. The 8 day race would take place after the 2022 Tour de France in July 2022, with the first stage taking place on the Champs-Élysées. The men's tour director, Christian Prudhomme stated that lessons must be learned from the failure of previous events like the Grande Boucle Féminine Internationale,[21] and the goal of ASO is to have a financially sustainable event, one "that will still exist in 100 years".[22]

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Frattini, Kirsten (2020-12-16). "La Grande Boucle, La Course and the return of the women's Tour de France". cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  2. ^ Pretot, Julien (2021-10-14). "Cycling-Women's Tour de France organisers hoping the race will live long". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  3. ^ "Tour de France organisers reveal women's race will be revived in 2022". the Guardian. 2021-05-11. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  4. ^ "Grande Boucle Féminine Internationale (F) 1955".
  5. ^ "The Breakaway, by Nicole Cooke (Part 1)". 2 September 2014.
  6. ^ "Grande Boucle féminine". www.memoire-du-cyclisme.eu. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
  7. ^ Dauncey, Hugh (2012). French Cycling: A Social and Cultural History. Liverpool University Press. pp. 212–213. ISBN 9781846318351.
  8. ^ Hedwig Kröner (2008-08-08). "2009 Grande Boucle Féminine starts in Britain". Cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
  9. ^ Simon Richardson (2009-06-19). "Pooley wins first stage of Grande Boucle". Cycling Weekly. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
  10. ^ "Route de France féminine : ce sera pour 2012? (in French)". L'est Eclair. May 22, 2011. Archived from the original on October 9, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-27.
  11. ^ "Women's Tour manifesto published". BBC Sport. 12 September 2013. Retrieved 2022-02-15. More than 93,000 have signed a petition by the group, led by cyclist and writer Kathryn Bertine, World Ironman champion Chrissie Wellington, and cyclists Marianne Vos and Emma Pooley.
  12. ^ Macur, Juliet (2014-07-26). "Women as Athletes, Not Accessories, at Least for a Day". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  13. ^ a b "La Course by Le Tour de France: everything you need to know". BikeRadar. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  14. ^ a b "La Course to showcase women's cycling". BBC Sport. 15 July 2014. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  15. ^ a b "Polarized opinions remain on La Course". VeloNews.com. 2018-07-17. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  16. ^ "Annemiek van Vleuten unhappy with 'step back' for women's La Course race". Cyclist. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  17. ^ Richardson, Hollie (2019-06-24). "The lack of women's Tour de France proves sexism in sports". Stylist. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  18. ^ a b c "Why is there no women's Tour de France?". BBC Sport. 16 July 2018. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  19. ^ "LET THEM RACE | THE CASE FOR A WOMEN'S TOUR DE FRANCE". . Retrieved 15 February 2022. But, if you ask many of the elite racers at La Course, the women’s race feels like a parade compared to the grandeur of the Tour de France the men take for granted.
  20. ^ Ballinger, Alex (2019-02-05). "Women's Tour de France alongside men's race 'impossible', says director Christian Prudhomme". cyclingweekly.com. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  21. ^ "Tour de France organisers reveal women's race will be revived in 2022". the Guardian. 2021-05-11. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  22. ^ Pretot, Julien (2021-10-14). "Cycling-Women's Tour de France organisers hoping the race will live long". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
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