GraphQL

GraphQL

Developer(s)	Facebook, and community
Initial release	September 14, 2015 (2015-09-14)
Stable release	June 2018 (2018-06)[1]
Repository	github.com/graphql/graphql-spec
Written in	Implementations in Java, JavaScript, Ruby, Scala, others.
Operating system	Cross-platform
Website	graphql.org

GraphQL is an open-source data query and manipulation language for APIs, and a runtime for fulfilling queries with existing data.^[2] GraphQL was developed internally by Facebook in 2012 before being publicly released in 2015.^[3] On 7 November 2018, the GraphQL project was moved from Facebook to the newly established GraphQL Foundation, hosted by the non-profit Linux Foundation.^[4][5] Since 2012, GraphQL's rise has followed the adoption timeline as set out by Lee Byron, GraphQL's creator, with accuracy.^[6] Byron's goal is to make GraphQL omnipresent across web platforms.

It provides an approach to developing web APIs and has been compared and contrasted with REST and other web service architectures. It allows clients to define the structure of the data required, and the same structure of the data is returned from the server, therefore preventing excessively large amounts of data from being returned, but this has implications for how effective web caching of query results can be. The flexibility and richness of the query language also adds complexity that may not be worthwhile for simple APIs.^[7][8][9] Despite the name, GraphQL does not provide the richness of graph operations that one might find in a full-fledged graph database such as Neo4j, or even in dialects of SQL that support transitive closure. For example, a GraphQL interface that reports the parents of an individual cannot return, in a single query, the set of all their ancestors.

GraphQL consists of a type system, query language and execution semantics, static validation, and type introspection. It supports reading, writing (mutating), and subscribing to changes to data (realtime updates – most commonly implemented using Websockets).^[10] GraphQL servers are available for multiple languages, including Haskell,^[11] JavaScript,^[12] Perl,^[13] Python,^[14] Ruby, Java, C++,^[15] C#, Scala, Go, Rust, Elixir,^[16] Erlang, PHP, R, D^[17] and Clojure.

On 9 February 2018, the GraphQL Schema Definition Language (SDL) became part of the specification.^[18]

Example[]

POST request:

{
    orders {
        id
        productsList {
            product {
                name
                price
            }
            quantity
        }
        totalAmount
    }
}

Response:

{
    "data": {
        "orders": [
            {
                "id": 1,
                "productsList": [
                    {
                        "product": {
                            "name": "orange",
                            "price": 1.5
                        },
                        "quantity": 100
                    }
                ],
                "totalAmount": 150
            }
        ]
    }
}

See also[]

References[]

External links[]

• Official website

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