Greenwich, Connecticut

Greenwich, Connecticut Town of Greenwich
Town
Greenwich Municipal Center Historic District
Flag Seal
Location in Fairfield County and the state of Connecticut.
Greenwich Location in Connecticut Greenwich Greenwich (the United States) Show map of ConnecticutShow map of the United StatesShow all
Coordinates: 41°02′20″N 73°36′49″W / 41.03889°N 73.61361°W / 41.03889; -73.61361Coordinates: 41°02′20″N 73°36′49″W / 41.03889°N 73.61361°W / 41.03889; -73.61361
Country	United States
U.S. state	Connecticut
County	Fairfield
Metropolitan area	Bridgeport-Stamford
Settled	1640
Joined Connecticut	1656
Named for	Greenwich in London
Government
• Type	Representative town meeting
• First selectman	Fred Camillo
• Town administrator	Benjamin Branyan
• Town meeting moderator	Thomas J. Byrne
Area
• Total	67.2 sq mi (174.0 km2)
• Land	47.8 sq mi (123.8 km2)
• Water	19.4 sq mi (50.3 km2)
Elevation	131 ft (40 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	63,518
• Density	1,305.4/sq mi (504.0/km2)
Time zone	UTC–5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC–4 (Eastern)
ZIP codes	06807, 06830, 06831, 06870, 06878, 06836
Area code(s)	203/475
FIPS code	09-33620
GNIS feature ID	213435[1]
Website	www.greenwichct.org

Greenwich (/ˈɡrɛnɪtʃ/, GREN-itch) is a town in southwestern Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a total population of 61,171,^[2] with a census-estimated increase to 62,574 in 2018.^[3] In 2020, its population grew to 63,518.^[4] The largest town on Connecticut's Gold Coast, Greenwich is home to many hedge funds and other financial service firms. Greenwich is a principal community of the Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk–Danbury metropolitan statistical area, which comprises all of Fairfield County.

Greenwich is the southernmost and westernmost municipality in Connecticut as well as in the six-state region of New England. The town is named after Greenwich, a royal borough of London in the United Kingdom.^[5]

History[]

The town of Greenwich was settled in 1640.^[6] One of the founders was Elizabeth Fones Winthrop, daughter-in-law of John Winthrop, founder and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. What is now called Greenwich Point was known for much of the area's early history as "Elizabeth's Neck" in recognition of Elizabeth Fones and their 1640 purchase of the Point and much of the area now known as Old Greenwich.^[7] Greenwich was declared a township by the Connecticut General Assembly in Hartford on May 11, 1665.^[8]

During the American Revolution, General Israel Putnam made a daring escape from the British on February 26, 1779 in Greenwich. Although British forces captured and sacked the town, Putnam was able to warn Stamford.^[8]

In 1974, Gulliver's Restaurant and Bar, on the border of Greenwich and Port Chester, burned, killing 24 young people.^[9]

In 1983, the Mianus River Bridge, which carries traffic on Interstate 95 over an estuary, collapsed, resulting in the death of three people.^[10]

For many years, Greenwich Point (locally termed "Tod's Point"), was open only to town residents and their guests. However, a lawyer sued, saying his rights to freedom of assembly were threatened because he was not allowed to go there. The lower courts disagreed, but the Supreme Court of Connecticut agreed, and Greenwich was forced to amend its beach access policy to all four beaches in 2001. These beaches include Greenwich Point Park, Island Beach, Great Captain Island, and Byram Park.^[11]

Geography[]

According to the United States Census Bureau in 2000, the town had a total area of 67.2 square miles (174 km²), of which 47.8 square miles (124 km²) is land and 19.4 square miles (50 km²), or 28.88%, is water. In terms of area, Greenwich is twice the size of Manhattan. The town is bordered to the West by Port Chester, New York, Rye Brook, New York, and White Plains, New York. To the North it is bordered by Armonk, New York, and Banksville, New York. To the South it is bordered by the Long Island Sound. To the East, it is bordered by Stamford, Connecticut.

Neighborhoods and sections[]

The U.S. Census Bureau recognizes nine CDPs within the town: Byram, Cos Cob, Glenville, Indian Field, Old Greenwich, Pemberwick, Riverside, Rock Ridge and the Greenwich CDP covering the historic municipal center of the town. The USPS lists separate zip codes for Greenwich, Cos Cob, Old Greenwich, and Riverside. Additionally, Greenwich is often further divided into several smaller, unofficial neighborhoods.

The Hispanic and Latin American population is concentrated in the southwestern corner of the town.^[12][13] In 2011, numerous neighborhoods were voted by the Business Insider as being the richest neighborhoods in America.^[14]

Historical sites[]

• Bush-Holley House
• Putnam Cottage
• Thomas Lyon House

Islands[]

Calf Island is a 29-acre (120,000 m²) island about 3,000 feet (910 m) from the Byram shore in Greenwich.^[17]

More than half of the island (on the west side) is a bird sanctuary off-limits to members of the public without permission to visit. As of 2006 the island is available for overnight stays for those with permits, otherwise the east side is open from dawn till dusk.^[17]

Great Captain Island is also off the coast of Greenwich, and is the southernmost point in Connecticut. There is a U.S. Coast Guard lighthouse on this island, as well as a designated area as a bird sanctuary. The lighthouse is a skeletal tower.

Island Beach or "Little Captain Island" once was the venue for the town's annual Island Beach Day. Ventriloquist Paul Winchell and his dummy, Jerry Mahoney, once came for a show, and on another occasion the Connecticut National Guard let adults and children fire machine guns into the water, according to an article in the Greenwich Time.^[18]

Island Beach has changed over the decades. The bathhouse once on the island's eastern shore is gone, and erosion is slowly eating away at the beaches themselves.^[18]

Climate[]

Greenwich experiences a humid continental climate (Dfa); however, it is quite close to a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa). During winter storms, it is common for the area north of the Merritt Parkway to receive significantly heavier snowfall than the area closer to the coast, due to the moderating influence of Long Island Sound.

Demographics[]

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1800	3,047		—
1810	3,533		16.0%
1820	3,790		7.3%
1830	3,801		0.3%
1840	3,921		3.2%
1850	5,036		28.4%
1860	6,522		29.5%
1870	7,644		17.2%
1880	7,892		3.2%
1890	10,131		28.4%
1900	12,172		20.1%
1910	16,463		35.3%
1920	22,123		34.4%
1930	33,112		49.7%
1940	35,509		7.2%
1950	40,835		15.0%
1960	53,793		31.7%
1970	59,755		11.1%
1980	59,578		−0.3%
1990	58,441		−1.9%
2000	61,101		4.6%
2010	61,171		0.1%
2020	63,518		3.8%

At the 2020 U.S. census, there were 63,518 people in Greenwich.^[4] Per the American Community Survey's 2018 estimates, the population of Greenwich grew to 62,574.^[3] There were 24,234 housing units, 22,251 households, and 16,322 families in 2018.^[21] The town's racial makeup consisted of 72.8% non-Hispanic whites, 3.3% Blacks or African Americans, 0.1% American Indian or Alaska Natives, 7.6% Asian Americans, and 2.2% multiracial Americans. Hispanic and Latin American residents made up 13.8% of the estimated population.

The average household size from 2014 to 2018 grew to 2.78 and the average family size was 3.28. The median household income excluding capital gains was $142,819 and the average income was $272,636.^[22] Including capital gains, the median household income in 2014 was $511,411.^[23] The per capita income for the town was $98,467.^[24]

At the census^[25] of 2000, there were 61,101 people, 23,230 households, and 16,237 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,277.6 people per square mile (493.2/km²). There were 24,511 housing units at an average density of 512.5 per square mile (197.9/km²). At the census estimates of 2013,^[26] the racial makeup of the town was 80.90% White, 4.90% Black, 0.10% Native American, 7.80% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, and 2.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.90% of the population.

There were 23,230 households, out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the town the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.

Wealth[]

Greenwich is home to two of the wealthiest zip codes in Connecticut, 06830 and 06831, with average adjusted gross incomes of $638,560 and $721,550, and median household incomes of $109,250 and $155,417, respectively.^[27] In recent decades, the town has attracted wealthy expats from around the globe due to its extremely low tax rate, school system, and proximity to Manhattan^{[citation needed]}, which is only 10 minutes away by helicopter and 40 minutes on the train.^{[citation needed]} The median listing price for a home in the town was $2.3 million in 2021.^[28] The coastal neighborhood of Belle Haven, along with Backcountry, have some of the wealthiest single family real estate in the world.^{[citation needed]} In 2014, the highest asking price for a residential property in town was the Copper Beach Estate at $190 million. It later sold for $120 million. Copper Beech Farm dates back to the 1890s and was once owned by the Lauder Greenway family, which made its fortune helping Andrew Carnegie start up his steel business. The living space measures 15,000 square feet and includes a dining room with a tracery ceiling, as well as a "huge solarium with a coffered ceiling with plaster detailing and three exposures," according to the brokerbabble.^{[citation needed]} Also on the property: formal gardens, a grass tennis court, two greenhouses, an apple orchard, a 75-foot-long heated pool, and a 1,800-foot-long driveway.^[29]

Economy[]

Greenwich, along with Stamford, are the economic centers of Fairfield County and its metropolitan statistical area. Prominent companies based in the town of Greenwich are: AQR Capital, Blue Harbour Group, Blue Sky Studios, Blyth, Inc., Cambridge Solutions,^[30] First Reserve Corporation, Interactive Brokers, Nestlé Waters North America,^[31] North Street Capital, Silver Point Capital, Viking Global Investors, W. R. Berkley, a holding company for subsidiaries that sell property-casualty insurance, XFL, and XPO Logistics. Other major institutions in the township are Greenwich Hospital, Hyatt Regency, Tudor Investment Corporation, Eversource Energy, Brunswick School, and Camuto Group.

Arts and culture[]

Greenwich is home to the Greenwich International Film Festival, which acts in coordination with nonprofits to promote socially conscious filmmaking in the city's downtown in an annual June festival, in addition to screenings and events held year-round.^[32][33]

The Greenwich Symphony Orchestra begun in 1958 as the Greenwich Philharmonia, it became fully professional by 1967.^{[citation needed]} The Greenwich Choral Society, founded in 1925, performs locally and elsewhere, including in New York City and Europe.^[34]

The Greenwich post office contains a mural, The Packet Sails from Greenwich Green, painted in 1939 by Victoria Hutson Huntley.^[35]

The Bruce Museum is a town-owned institution with sections devoted to art and natural history. Putnam Cottage (Knapp Tavern) historic house museum, is also located within Greenwich.

Acacia Lodge No. 85, Ancient, Free & Accepted Masons, founded in 1857 in the top level of the old Cos Cob School House, is located in the town.^[36] Its members were originally of Union Lodge No. 5, founded 1763, and though its "home base" was Stamford, it was given the jurisdiction of "Stamford, Horseneck and parts adjacent." Union Lodge often met in Greenwich, and the first recorded meeting place was Knapp's Tavern on the King's Highway.^[36]

Sports and recreation[]

Recreation[]

The Greenwich Y.M.C.A. and Greenwich Y.W.C.A. offer fitness and social services.

Arch Street, The Greenwich Teen Center has age-specific programs and events on weekdays and weekends.

Beaches[]

Private membership clubs[]

Education[]

Public schools[]

Greenwich Public Schools operates the public schools. Greenwich High School is the district's sole high school. As of 2012 elementary schools had the same pattern of racial segregation as the town as a whole with Hispanic students concentrated in the two elementary schools in the southwestern corner of the district, New Lebanon and Hamilton Avenue.^[12] The 3 middle schools have balanced enrollment.^[37] There is a Connecticut racial diversity law which requires that the percentage of students in an ethnic group in a school may not deviate by more than 25% from the average for the district. Thus, as of 2013, the district was out of compliance^[13] and was searching for solutions.^[37]

Private schools[]

• Brunswick School, a non-sectarian boys' school (the brother school to Greenwich Academy) (PreK-12)
• Greenwich Academy, a non-sectarian girls' school (the sister school to Brunswick) (PreK-12)
• Eagle Hill School (K-10)
• Convent of the Sacred Heart, a girls' school with Catholic affiliation (PreK-12)
• Greenwich Catholic School (PreK-8), 471 North Street
• Greenwich Country Day School (originally Nursery-9) (Acquired Stanwich School for 10–12, 2017)
• Greenwich Japanese School, the New York Nihonjin gakko, a Japanese expatriate school (K-9), which moved to Greenwich from New York City in 1992;^[38] it shares the former Rosemary Hall campus with Carmel Academy.^{[citation needed][39]}
• (K-8), the only Spanish language international school in the New York metro.
• The Stanwich School (PreK-12), located at 257 Stanwich Road
• Carmel Academy K-8), a Jewish school sharing a campus with Greenwich Japanese School. In 2010, the school changed its name from Westchester Fairfield Hebrew Academy.^[40]
• Whitby School (18 months through Grade 8), a Montessori and International Baccalaureate World School (IB).

Government[]

Greenwich town vote
by party in presidential elections^[41]

Year	Democratic	Republican	Third Parties
2020	61.59% 22,243	36.74% 13,269	1.67% 600
2016	56.49% 17,630	39.14% 12,215	4.37% 1,364
2012	43.90% 13,079	55.24% 16,456	0.86% 255
2008	53.44% 16,233	45.89% 13,937	0.67% 204
2004	47.00% 14,334	51.90% 15,830	1.10% 336
2000	44.16% 12,780	51.51% 14,905	4.33% 1,253
1996	41.49% 11,622	51.08% 14,308	7.43% 2,080
1992	36.62% 11,893	48.91% 15,885	14.47% 4,698
1988	33.25% 10,205	65.68% 20,158	1.07% 327
1984	29.08% 9,620	70.63% 23,361	0.29% 95
1980	27.25% 8,670	60.90% 19,379	11.85% 3,770
1976	33.21% 10,400	66.19% 20,725	0.60% 187
1972	29.90% 9,289	69.02% 21,440	1.08% 335
1968	35.46% 10,396	61.29% 17,972	3.25% 953
1964	54.88% 15,265	45.12% 12,549	0.00% 0
1960	34.43% 9,554	65.57% 18,199	0.00% 0
1956	21.75% 5,566	78.25% 20,026	0.00% 0
1952[42]	28.89% 6,809	70.88% 16,708	0.23% 54
1948[43]	29.51% 5,485	68.31% 12,697	2.18% 405
1944[44]	35.50% 6,157	64.50% 11,188	0.00% 0
1940[45]	33.20% 5,625	66.80% 11,319	0.00% 0

The town of Greenwich is one political and taxing body, but consists of several distinct sections or neighborhoods, such as Banksville, Byram, Cos Cob, Glenville, Mianus, Old Greenwich, Riverside and Greenwich (sometimes referred to as central, or downtown, Greenwich). Of these neighborhoods, three (Cos Cob, Old Greenwich, and Riverside) have separate postal names and ZIP codes.^[46]

The town has three selectmen and a Representative Town Meeting (RTM). The RTM must approve all budgets, and consists of 230 elected representatives. RTM members are not paid. The three selectmen are elected on a town-wide basis, although each person can only vote for two members. This assures that there will almost always be one Democrat and two Republicans or two Democrats and one Republican. While voter registration is skewed in the Republicans' favor, they do not have a lock on the First Selectman's chair, and Democrats have held the seat recently. Many of the other town committees have equal representation between Democrats and Republicans, regardless of the vote breakdown, since each individual can only vote for half as many seats as are available.^[46]

Voter registration and party enrollment as of November 5, 2018[47]
Party		Active voters	Inactive voters	Total voters	Percentage
	Republican	12,855	1,051	13,906	33.85%
	Democratic	10,396	919	11,315	27.55%
	Unaffiliated	14,073	1,051	15,124	36.82%
	Minor parties	643	88	731	1.74%
Total		37,967	3,109	41,076	100%

Infrastructure[]

Transportation[]

The town is served by the Metro-North Railroad's New Haven Line (the four stations, from west to east, are Greenwich, Cos Cob, Riverside, and Old Greenwich) and is approximately a 50-minute train ride to Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan on the express train and a 60-minute ride on the local.^[48] The Amtrak Acela, Northeast Regional, and Vermonter trains stop in the adjacent city of Stamford.^[49]

Interstate 95 goes through the southern end of town, and there are four exits from I-95 in Greenwich, exits 2 through 5. The Boston Post Road (also known as East or West Putnam Avenue or simply Route 1) also goes through town, as does the Merritt Parkway, although the Merritt Parkway is a considerable distance from the downtown area. Interstate 684 passes through Greenwich, but cannot be entered or exited there, and the nearest interchange is at the Westchester County Airport in New York State.

Westchester County Airport is the closest commercial airport to Greenwich. It takes approximately 15 minutes to drive from the town's center. This is followed by LaGuardia Airport in Queens, New York, a 35-minute drive approximately. John F. Kennedy International Airport in Queens, New York, is the closest international airport, a one-hour drive approximately. Newark Liberty International Airport in New Jersey is also easily accessible from Greenwich, taking approximately one hour to drive to.

According to the DataHaven Community Wellbeing Survey, a statewide program funded by various agencies and philanthropies, 4% of adults in Greenwich are "transportation insecure," meaning that they have had to stay at home during the past year due to a lack of adequate transportation. The comparable rate for all adults statewide is 13%.^[50]

Fire department[]

The town of Greenwich is protected by the paid career members of the Greenwich Fire Department (GFD) and eight all-volunteer fire companies, in addition to a Fire Police Patrol. The paid GFD is made up of 106 paid firefighters, who staff 6 Engine Companies and 1 Truck Company, as well as several special units, in 6 Fire Stations (shared with volunteer companies), under the command of a Deputy Chief (Tour Commander) per shift, who in-turn reports to the Chief of Department. The 7 volunteer fire companies are made up of a total of approximately 100 volunteer firefighters, who man 9 volunteer engines, 2 volunteer ladders, 4 tankers, 6 squads, 3 utility units, 3 marine units (fireboats), 1 dive rescue unit, 1 special operations unit, 1 heavy rescue and several other support units. The volunteer fire companies are quartered in 7 of the fire stations, located throughout the town, and respond to emergency calls with the paid GFD Units. The all-volunteer fire companies are each commanded by a District Chief, who in-turn reports to a Deputy Chief of the GFD, who reports to the Chief of Department.^[51] There is also the Cos Cob Fire Police Patrol, one of the only remaining Fire Police Patrols in Fairfield County, Connecticut. The Patrol operates 2 Units, Patrol 2 (P2) and Utility 2 (U2). The paid Greenwich Fire Department and the 7 all-volunteer Greenwich Fire Companies respond to, on average, approximately 5,000 emergency calls annually.^[52][53]

Police department[]

Located at 11 Bruce Place, GPD has 87 police officers, 22 detectives, 19 sergeants, 10 lieutenants, 3 captains, and one deputy chief with 20+ civilian dispatchers and administrative personnel.^[54] and includes a K-9 unit.^[55]

Libraries[]

• Byram Shubert Library
• Cos Cob Library
• Greenwich Library
• Perrot Library

Media[]

Newspapers and print[]

• Greenwich Magazine, owned by Moffly Publications, which publishes other local magazines.
• Greenwich Sentinel, local weekly printed newspaper.
• Greenwich Time, a daily newspaper based in Greenwich; published by Hearst Corporation, which also owns The Advocate of Stamford. Some sections are identical to the same sections in The Advocate, including the arts and business sections.

Films shot in Greenwich[]

List is in reverse chronological order of movies filmed (or partially filmed) in Greenwich:^[56]

Television shows filmed in Greenwich[]

• Sex/Life (2021) Partially set in Greenwich; filmed mostly around Toronto, however.
• The Mick (2017) Takes place in Greenwich. Not filmed in Greenwich.
• The Profit (2014)
• The Big C (2011, 2012) Showtime^[57]
• Teachers (2008) - TV movie
• The Apprentice (2004)
• Wickedly Perfect (2004)
• Made in America (2003)
• Rich Girls (2003)
• Murder in Greenwich (2002) - TV Movie about Martha Moxley
• TV Nation (1995)

Notable people[]

Sister cities[]

City	Municipality	Country	Year
Kitzbühel	Tyrol	Austria	1961
Vienne	Isère	France
Nacka	Nacka	Sweden

See also[]

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Greenwich, Connecticut
• History of Greenwich, Connecticut

References[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Greenwich, Connecticut.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Greenwich, Connecticut.

• Official website
• Greenwich Chamber of Commerce
• "Greenwich" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
• Greenwich, Connecticut at Curlie