Grindlay family

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Grindlay
Minor nobility and landed gentry
Coat of Arms Grindlay (Warwickshire).svg
Arms of Grindlay (Senior Branch): Quarterly, or and az, a cross quarterly erm. and of the first, betw. four pheons counterchanged of the field.
CountryEngland Kingdom of England
Kingdom of Scotland Kingdom of Scotland
Lordship of Ireland Lordship of Ireland
Kingdom of Ireland Kingdom of Ireland
Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Great Britain
United Kingdom United Kingdom
Earlier spellingsGre(n)deley, Gren(e)ley(e), Gren(e)lay, Grynelay, Grenelie(s), Grenelaw(e), and others
EtymologyEnglisċ: "green / valley clearing"
Place of originKingdom of Northumbria
Foundedc.850; 1171 years ago (850)
FounderHereweald and Æðel Grēneleāh / Gryndeleā
Style(s)Knights, Esquires, Manorial Lords (Lairds)
MottoNon Degener ("Not Degenerated")
Estate(s)Various (see Houses and estates)
Branches
  • Grindlay of Balsall Heath and Edgbaston
  • Grindlay of Clarborough and Carlton-in-Lindrick
  • Grindlay of Corstorphine
  • Grindlay of Greenlaw and Haltwhistle
  • Grindlay of Malpas
  • Grindlay of Rothley and Ticehurst
  • Grindlay of Stowe-by-Chartley

The Grindlay family (Old English: [compound] Grēne/Grynde + Leāh/Leā) is an ancient knightly family of England, whose ancestry can be traced back to the 9th century.[1][2][3]

Originating in Northumbria, the family now has two primary branches, one in the English Midlands and the other in the former Scottish Marches, with a small presence in Ireland, America, New Zealand and South Africa.[2][3] The family established themselves as landed lords,[4][5][6][7] knights,[2][8][9][10] and gentry,[11][12][13][14] but more recently were prominent British bankers (see Grindlays Bank),[15][16] officials,[17][18] industrialists,[19][20] soldiers,[21][22][23] and freemasons during the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.[24][25]

As an armigerous family whose position arose from feudal manorial lordships and knightly service, the Grindlay family rank among the English minor nobility or noblesse d'épée.[2][7][26]

History[]

Anglo-Saxon lineage[]

The family are reputed to be descended from the Anglo-Saxon knights, Hereweald (Harold) and Æðel (Æthel or Athel) Grēneleāh or Gryndeleā (c.850), transliterated as Greenlee or Greenley, of northern Northumbria.[2][27][28][29][30] The brothers were awarded the demesne of Balsal Chase or Bordeshale,[31][32][33] now Balsall Heath, in Warwickshire and its manors by King Alfred the Great for "heroic gallantry" during the Norfolk Campaign against the Danes.[2][3] Control of these lands and the surrounding region in northern Warwickshire, the then Kingdom of Mercia, established the family in the Midlands counties in addition to the North of England and the Scottish Lowlands, the then Kingdom of Northumbria.[34]

"Of an ancient family "thorough Anglo Saxon" named Greenlee, called in the Midland Counties of England "The Greenlees"...two knights of this family...were gifted by King Alfred to a demesne in the County of Warwick...where this branch lived in opulence and high respect"[2] – Archives of Aston Hall, Warwickshire

13th, 14th and 15th centuries[]

Originating from the combination of the Old English words grēne or grynde and leāh or leā,[a] meaning green clearing or valley clearing,[1][28][35][36][37] the English spelling of the family name developed several variants over time, principally Greneleye, Grenlay and Grendleye or Grendeley.[1][28][37][38][39] This is exemplified by the different ways the surname was recorded throughout this period, including William de Grenelega (c.1180),[40] Simone de Greneleye or Greneley (c.1250),[40][41] William de Grenlay (c.1275),[28][29] and Richard de Grendeley or Grindley (c.1390).[39]

By the High Medieval Period, the English branch of the family were established landowners of the English Midlands, primarily in Warwickshire and Staffordshire, and later in Nottinghamshire.[42][43][44][45][46][47][48] They were involved in regional affairs of politics and governance as early as the 13th century onwards,[49] such as Hugh de Greneley (c.1289) of Carleton-in-Lindrick Manor,[50] officiator for the abbot of Welbeck Abbey,[51] Geoffrey de Greneleye or Grenleye,[b] and his son Sir William de Greneley or Grenleye (c.1328), a man-at-arms or knight,[52] wardens of the peace, knights of the shire, and witnesses, warrantors, and seal signatories for the Chartulary of the Priory of St. Thomas near Stafford,[8][53] Thomas de Grenlay (c.1349), incumbent Rector of St John the Baptist Church, Clarborough,[54] and John de Grenlay (c.1405), Crown Coroner of Nottinghamshire.[55]

The Middle Ages saw several generations of the family take up arms against the French during the Hundred Years' War, primarily beside the noble Midland families of Beauchamp, Beaufort, and Talbot, and spanning at least 70 years of the conflict. The first recorded was Sir William de Grenlay, William Greneleye or Guillaume Greenlee (c.1372) of Edgbaston, Warwickshire,[2][56] who, with his soldiers, fought alongside John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville and Thomas Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick,[56] but was slain at the first Siege of Harfleur in 1415, and posthumously commended by King Henry V.[2][7][8] His kinsmen, John Grenlay, Grenley or Greneley (c.1417), was also at the siege under the command of Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, and subsequently garrisoned at Harfleur until it fell to the French in 1435,[8][57] and Thomas de Grenlay, Greneley or Greynley (c.1424),[c] fought at the Siege of Louviers in 1431 and afterwards became twice Vice Chancellor of Oxford University in 1436 and 1437.[58][59]

In the closing stages of war with France, the family fought as part of the company of John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, and his second, John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, most notably Stephen Gredeley, Gredley or Greddelay (c.1440) and his brother Thomas de Gredelay or Grynnelay (c.1441).[60][61] Stephen fought with the Earl of Shrewsbury during his campaign to reclaim Pays de Caux throughout the late 1430s, continuing as part of his close military affinity during the relief of Harfleur in 1440, and the sieges of Pontoise, Conches-en-Ouche, and Louviers in 1441.[60] Thomas saw fighting alongside his brother at Conches-en-Ouche and Louviers, was detached to the garrison of Rouen to oversee the escorting of supplies to Sir William Peyto and his forces during the Siege of Dieppe in 1442, before joining the Duke of Somerset for the Cherbourg offensive in the summer of 1443.[61]

During this same period, a cadet branch of the English arm of the family rose to prominence under William Gyrdeley, Gridley or Grindlay (c.1415),[d] a wealthy lancer, who fought at the Siege of Harfleur and the Battle of Agincourt as a member of the personal retinue of John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, the then Earl of Huntingdon, alongside Thomas Talbot, a relation of the Talbot Barons, and others.[62][63][64] One of his kinsmen, Robin Grynelay or Gyrdeley (c.1442), saw fighting at Le Neubourg under Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex until it was lost to the French in April 1444.[65][66] In 1425, William granted a portion of his lands in Ticehurst, Sussex to the Duke of Exeter, Sir Thomas Echyngham and others,[67][68] while he and his heirs subsequently established themselves at Rothley Court in Leicestershire and Boarzell Manor in Sussex.[69][70]

Throughout the late 13th, 14th and 15th centuries, the family were engaged in a number of notable land ownership disputes with neighbouring families, including those of de Denston,[71][72][73] Bagot, Barons of Bagot's Bromley,[74] Ferrers,[e] Earls of Derby,[75][76] Legh,[f] Cheshire and Warwickshire gentry and aristocracy,[77] and others,[78][79][80] regarding their lands in Nottinghamshire and Staffordshire. The family also frequently acted as arbiters for issues of succession for several others, including the Lyot, Purley and Wolaston (see William Wollaston) families of Staffordshire and Leicestershire.[8][81][82]

As a duel cognominal and toponymic surname,[a] the close resemblance between the family name and those of several settlements in the surrounding area, such as Grindley in Staffordshire,[83][84] Grindley Brook in Shropshire,[85][86][87][88] Tushingham cum Grindley in Cheshire,[89][90][91] and Little Gringley, formerly spelt both Greneleye and Grenlay, in Nottinghamshire,[92][93][94][95][96] is believed to reflect the longstanding presence of the family in the region, though these may have arisen independently.[1][29]

16th and 17th centuries[]

Around the early 16th century, part of the family moved south west into the neighbouring county of Herefordshire, where they established landholdings near Kington.[34][97] In 1525, the estate of Woodhallhill Manor in Staunton on Arrow, formerly spelt Stanton, was granted to John Greneleye (c.1525), and his heirs, and the country house remained the seat of his successors thereafter.[6] This branch subsequently rose to eminence, both directly and through marriage, becoming senior military officers, members of parliament, Baronets (see Coffin-Greenly Baronets), and Sheriffs of Herefordshire, as well as lords of various other manors across the county.[8][98][99]

Towards the end of the reign of King Henry VIII, George Grenlegh or Grenley (c.1539) of Edgbaston, Warwickshire,[34] became part of the executive of the Lordship of Ireland, acting as agent to Leonard Grey, 1st Viscount Grane, the Lord Deputy of Ireland.[100] Family involvement in Ireland grew, when in the mid 16th century, they were granted additional lands and estates, near the city of Limerick, Munster,[2] by Queen Elizabeth I and Thomas Wentworth, 1st Baron Wentworth, the Lord Chamberlain, to establish various armouries for small arms and culverin cannon.[3][12] However, as committed Protestants, the family line that settled there were subjected to religious persecution during the reign of King William III, and their lands and Hall were destroyed in response to the ongoing religious and monarchical turmoil of the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly that surrounding the Battle of the Boyne.[2][34]

The family were invited into the protection of Trevor Hill, 1st Viscount Hillsborough and Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire and member of parliament for Warwick, but largely decided to leave Ireland and emigrate to America at the beginning of the 18th century.[2]

Throughout the late 16th and 17th centuries, the family continued to expand their possessions,[g] particularly in the North Midlands and Cheshire,[39][101][102] where several areas are eponymously named, such as Grindleyes Feeld (c.1593) or Grindleys Green (c.1604), now Grindley Green in Newhall, Cheshire.[39][103]

18th, 19th and 20th centuries[]

The contemporary spellings of the family surname, themselves the result of further variation, are namely Grinley,[1][104][105][106][107][108] Greenly,[2][28][38] of Titley Court,[6][8] and Grindley or Grindlay,[9][28][109][110][111] of Parkfields Manor and others.[112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119]

From the end of the 18th century onwards, the family actively participated in the closing stages of the Industrial Revolution, the expansion of the British Empire, and the global conflicts of WW1 and WW2, both civically and militarily.[21][16][120] Their involvement included distinguished military service,[121] the growth of the British financial system,[16] wartime government leadership,[120] and the development of pioneering industrial operations.[122][123][124]

During the 19th and 20th centuries, a number of the family became prominent Freemasons, acting as members, officers, masters and founders of multiple Masonic lodges across the country, but particularly in Warwickshire and the wider English Midlands.[113][125][126]

Notable modern members of the English branch of the family include Captain Robert Melville Grindlay,[h] the soldier, painter and founder of Grindlays Bank,[16][127][128][129][130] Lieutenant Colonel Henry Robert Grindlay, A.Q.M.G, of Her Majesty's 21st Hussars, decorated veteran of the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars,[21][121] Alfred Robert Grindlay, the founder of Grindlay Peerless and Lord Mayor of Coventry during World War II,[19][120][131] Major Henry Hugh Grindley, Royal Field artilleryman and overseas railway pioneer,[124][132] and William Harry Grindley, the 19th century ironstone industrialist and founder of the eponymous W H Grindley.[20][133][134]

Wider family[]

Family branches[]

Descended from the earlier Northumbrian line, the Scottish branch of the family is an ancestral sept of Clan Home and Clan Wedderburn, with the arms of Grindlay and Wedderburn sharing the motto Non Degener ("Not Degenerated").[135][136][137][138] The family is thought to have originated from either the ancient town of Grinnla, now Greenlaw in the Scottish Borders,[139][140] or the medieval hamlet of Greenley near Haltwhistle in Northumberland,[27][108][141][142] both formerly of the Kingdom of Northumbria, and where the spelling of the family name, like the settlements,[i] has alternated between variants of Greenlee, Greenlaw, Grenlay and Grindlay.[1][140][143][144][145][146][147][148][149] The familial connection is also illustrated by the congruent arms of Greenlees and Greenlaw, the progenitors of Clan Home (see Sir Patrick de Greenlaw, descendant of Cospatric I, the Earl of Northumbria).[5][9][150]

As long-standing landowners and clergymen of the Scottish Lowlands by the 16th century, primarily in the Southern Uplands and Central Lowlands, parts of the family lands were impacted by the dispossession of property of the Catholic Church in Scotland during the Scottish Reformation.[151][152] In 1561, the Privy Council of Scotland decreed that a third of the revenue from the lands (feus) and produce (teinds) of Sir John Grenelay (c.1540) Prebendary of Corstorphine,[151] from his benefice of the prebend of Half Dalmahoy and Half Haltoune in Midlothion, were to be subjected to a levy as part of the reforms initiated in 1560 by John Knox and The First Book of Discipline.[153] When he died in 1568, Sir John left these lands and others, including areas across the city of Edinburgh, to his heirs and successors, forming the basis of an expansive estate which was home to the family for the next 400 years.[13][151]

More contemporary members of this line include George and William Grindlay, the 18th and 19th century leather magnates and landowners of the former Orchardfield Estate in Edinburgh,[13][154] Thomas Grindlay, master of Trinity House of Leith,[18][155] Walter Grindlay, the Edinburgh and Liverpool shipping grandee,[j] and father of Lady Janet Grindlay Simpson,[k] (see Simpson Baronets of Strathavon and Edinburgh),[14][156][157] and The Right Honourable Lord Grindley of Rannoch.[4]

Another branch of the family exists in the United States (see James G Grindlay), who became highly decorated Unionist participants in the American Civil War following emigration from the United Kingdom during the 19th Century.[22]

Broader relations[]

The Grindal family (see Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury during the 16th century)[l] are held to be close associates and possible relations,[1][38][158] with their near synonymous heraldry believed to stem from this connection.[26][109][159][160] So too are the Gridley family (see Barons of Stockport), the evidence of whose decent is more ambiguous, due to the near interchangeable medieval spellings of the Grelley, Gresley and Grindlay families in the North Midlands.[11][29][38][39][161][162][163]

Direct ancestral ties to both the noble Norman families of Grelley, formerly spelt Gredley, Greidley and Gredleye,[164][165][166] decedents of Albertus Greslet or Albert 'd'Avranches' de Greslé (c.1050 - c.1100),[167][168][169] avowed Viscount of Avranches,[170] and the 1st Baron of Manchester (see House of Grailly),[171][172][173][174][175] and Gresley, formerly spelt Greseleye,[29] Baronets of Drakelow Hall and decedents of Robert de Stafford (see House of Tosny),[176] have been presented by a number of 19th century historians, though are still the subject of research.[28][29][176][177][178][179]

Coats of arms[]

Senior branch[]

Armorial bearings of Grindlay. (18th century) Shield: Quarterly, or and azure, a cross quarterly ermine and of the first, between four pheons counterchanged of the field. Crest: A dove proper., a pea-hen proper., a buffalo's head erased gules. Motto: Non degener.

Although the family had been using seals and insignia from the beginning of the 14th century,[53] the first known record of arms are from Sir William de Grenlay, William Greneleye or Guillaume Greenlee (c.1372) of Edgebaston, Warwickshire, a "Knight of the Royal Guards" (see Yeoman of the Guard),[2] who was commended for martial valour at the first Siege of Harfleur in 1415, in Normandy, France, during the Hundred Years' War.[7][56] William was killed storming the breach in the bastion walls alongside his soldiers, as he fought to secure the fortress gates during the final stages of the siege.[34] Buried on the glacis where he was slain, William was posthumously honoured by King Henry V,[2][7] and as a reward, William and the family were entitled to have their armorial bearings "topped by a green mound and plant of oak".[m][2][26][159] The existing family coat of arms at that time was recorded as:

"Armorial Quartering...angular bars on the shield; the ermine, above Bar; and a square thereon..."[2]

The "Armorial Quartering" refers to the division of the field into 4 square quarters, the "angular bars on the shield" to early pheons, and the "ermine, above Bar" to the tincture adjoining the central ordinaries, all of which are exhibited in the arms to this day.[180][181] This 14th century emblazoned escutcheon is regarded as an early form of the arms now bourn by the Grindlay family,[135][136] with the current coat of arms adopted at some point during the 16th or 17th centuries, to differentiate their immediate familial line from their wider ancestral lineage.[6][26][109][159]

The arms of the related but distinct lines of the Grindlay family, are identifiable by their differing heraldic crests, which among them include a buffalo (Northumberland and Berwickshire), a peahen (Warwickshire and Staffordshire) and a dove.[26][159][181][182]

Examples of the recorded arms of Grindlay and Grindley, illustrating their relatively fluid interchangeability up until the 19th century, are as follows:

  • "Crest – a dove, proper." Deuchar, 1817
  • "Crest – a buffalo's head erased, gules." Deuchar, 1817
  • "Per cross, or and az. a cross quarterly, erm. and of the first, betw. four pheons counterchanged, of the field. Crest, a pea-hen ppr. Motto, non degener." Robson, 1830
  • "Az. a cross betw. four pheons or. Crest, a buffalo's head erased gu." Robson, 1830
  • "Per cross, or and az. a cross quarterly, erm. and of the first, betw. four pheons counterchanged, of the field. Crest, a pea-hen ppr. Motto, non degener." Burke & Burke, 1844
  • "Az. a cross betw. four pheons or. Crest, a buffalo's head erased gu." Burke & Burke, 1844
  • "Crest – A buffalo's head erased. gu., a dove ppr., a pea-hen ppr. Motto – Non degener" Fairbairn, 1860, 1905, 1911
  • "A dove ppr., pea-hen, ppr, and a buffalo's head erased" Washbourne, 1882
  • "A dove, ppr.; and another, a pea-hen, ppr." Elven, 1882
  • "A buffalo's head erased, gu." Elven, 1882
  • "A buffalo's head, erased, gu., a dove, ppr., a pea-hen, ppr." MacVeigh, 1883
  • "Quarterly, or and az. a cross quarterly erm. and of the first, betw. four pheons counterchanged of the field. Crest – A pea-hen ppr. Motto – Non Degener" Burke, 1884
  • "Az. a cross betw. four pheons or. Crest – a buffalo's head erased gu." Burke, 1884

Cadet branches[]

The Warwickshire line of the family gave rise to two separate cadet branches, one in Nottinghamshire and then a second in Leicestershire and Sussex. Both cadet branches attained arms in their own right.

Nottinghamshire[]

Cadet arms of Grindlay of Nottinghamshire.[n]

The Nottinghamshire cadet branch adopted arms as early as the 14th century, attributed to William, son of John de Grenleye (c.1374) of the County of Nottingham.[44] First documented in the Catalogue of Seals of the Department of Manuscripts of the British Museum 1894,[10] and later in the Dictionary of British Arms – Medieval Ordinary Vol I,[183] the armorial bearings are described as:

"A bend bretessed, between three crescents"

Identified by Walter de Grey Birch, the arms were recovered from a gothic panel and described as dark red but indistinct in colour,[10] indicative of a gules escutcheon and likely faded argent charges,[n] due to the tendency for silver paint to oxidise and darken over time (see Tincture: Argent).[184]

Leicestershire and Sussex[]

Cadet arms of Grindlay of Leicestershire and Sussex.[d]

The arms of the Leicestershire and Sussex cadet branch of the family were first recorded in Wriothesley's Chevrons (c.1525) by Sir Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton (1505 – 1550).[64] The armorial bearings are described in this and later works, including the Dictionary of British Arms – Medieval Ordinary Vol II,[9] as:

"Azure a chevron engrailed argent between 3 fleurs de lis or"[d]

The arms of this cadet branch illustrate a number of parallels with those of Clan Kinninmont of Kinninmoth near Fife in Scotland, an area where the Grindlay family are known to have settled.[9][64][149][156][185] The close resemblance extends to the clan crest and badge which feature an oak tree or sprig of oak.[145][186]

Houses and estates[]

Notable family residences:

  • Bordeshale Manor, Warwickshire (historic family seat – destroyed)
  • Parkfields Manor, Staffordshire
  • Rothley Court, Leicestershire
  • Westcote Manor, Warwickshire
  • Carleton-in-Lindrick Manor, Nottinghamshire
  • , Warwickshire
  • Hoole Old Hall,[o] Cheshire
  • Woodhillhall Manor, Herefordshire
  • Carshalton Park House, Surrey
  • Boarzell Manor, Sussex
  • Rannoch Barracks, Perthshire
  • Orchardfield Estate, Edinburgh
  • Derwent Island House, Cumbria

Other prominent residences of the wider family:

  • Titley Court, Herefordshire (primary residence of Greenly line)
  • Strathavon Lodge, Edinburgh (primary residence of Grindlay Simpson line)

Residences of broader relations:

  • Cross Hill House and St Bees Manor,[p] Cumbria (primary residences of Grindal line)
  • Culwood House, Buckinghamshire (primary residence of Gridley line)

Family tree[]

Descent of the Grindlay family
Unknown Arms.svg
Grēneleāh
(Greenlee)
Northumbria[q]
Grindlay (Grindley).svg Coat of Arms Grindlay (Warwickshire).svg
Grindlay (Grindley)
Northumberland & Berwickshire		Greenlaw Arms.svg
Greenlaw
Berwickshire
Grindal Arms.svg
Grindal
Cumberland		Simpson (Grindlay Simpson) Arms.svg
Baronet Simpson
(GrindlaySimpson)
Midlothian[k]		Coat of Arms Grindlay (Warwickshire).svg
Grindlay
Warwickshire &
Staffordshire		Grindlay Arms - Nottingham.svg
Grindlay
Nottinghamshire[n]		Grindlay Cadet Branch Arms.svg
Grindlay
Leicestershire
& Sussex[d]		Greenlees (Greenlay) Arms.svg
Greenlees
Berwickshire[m]
Grindall Arms v0.3.svg
Grindall
Middlesex[r]		Arms of Greenly.svg
Greenly
Herefordshire[s]		Arms of Baron Gridley.svg
Baron Gridley
Herefordshire &
Buckinghamshire[t]
Coffin-Greenly Arms.svg
Baronet
Coffin-Greenly
Herefordshire

*All contemporary spelling variants have been used where possible.

†This tree-chart may not display correctly on some phone or tablet devices.

Gallery[]

  • Undifferenced full heraldic achievement of the senior English branch of the Grindlay family. (black & white image) (20th century)

  • Arms of the Grindlay family of Warwickshire (19th century)

  • The extent of the Orchardfield Estate of the Grindlay family in central Edinburgh, Scotland. (Illustrated on the 1817 map of 'The City of Edinburgh and its environs.' created by Robert Kirkwood)

  • Rothley Court, one of the residences of the family during the 15th century and later home to the Babington family.

  • Derwent Island House, country residence and eventual place of death of Reginald Robert Grindlay, son of Alfred Robert Grindlay.[113]

  • Rannoch Barracks, the residence of Lord Grindley during the 19th century and now home to Baron Pearson of Rannoch.[4]

  • Escutcheon of the achievement of arms of Grindlay, senior branch. (18th century)

  • Escutcheon of the achievement of arms of Grindlay, Leicestershire and Sussex cadet branch. (18th century)

See also[]

Footnotes[]

^a An increasingly rare surname, Grindlay has its roots in the clearance of ancient English forest and the creation of the leāh or leā (see Leah and Lea), an area of open space within a woodland for settlement, particularly in the former Forest of Arden of Warwickshire and Staffordshire (see History of Warwickshire). These areas were often enclosed or walled off and controlled by a single family group, such as the ancestors of the Grindlay family, who in expanding their medieval holdings, simultaneously established both their surname and the names of the places they controlled, as the creators and inhabitants of various grēne/grynde leāh/leā.[1][187][188][189]
^b The recorded full name of Galfridi de Greneleye, was Galfridi, Galfridus or Geoffery de Warilowe de Greneleye.[53]
^c Thomas Grenlay, Grenley, Grenely or Greneley was a fellow of Oriel College, Oxford in the early 15th century. He became a University Proctor in 1424, and eventually acted as Vice Chancellor in 1436 and 1437 (see List of vice-chancellors of the University of Oxford).[190]
^d The arms of William Gyrdeley listed in the Dictionary of British Arms – Medieval Ordinary Vol II (1996), appear against Girdill, Gridley, Grindlay and Gyrdele. The entry states in the notes that for Grindlay specifically, the chevron may also appear in gold, a 'chev Or'. The same arms, appear for Girdler in The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales (1884), but with 'many hurts' or roundels azure for difference, indicating a possible familial link.[9][109]
^e The family (Henry de Grenley) are recorded as being in dispute primarily with Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby and his widow Eleanor at the end of the 13th century, however Robert and Eleanor's son, John de Ferrers, 1st Baron Ferrers of Chartley (see Barons of Chartley) and the Barons of Groby, all subsequently became embroiled in the wider legal action initiated by Eleanor (see Ferrers family).[75][76]
^f The family (Robert and Matilda de Grenleye) were involved in a legal dispute over land in the parish of Stowe (see Stowe-by-Chartley) Staffordshire, with Thomas del Leghe of Neuton, in 1369. Though established landed gentry by the 14th century, the Leghs went on to become a powerful aristocratic family with lands across Cheshire, Warwickshire and other counties, which included the Earls of Chichester, Barons of Stoneleigh, Barons of Newton and others (see Leghs of Lyme, Leghs of Adlington, Baron Leigh, etc.).[77]
^g The family continued their expansion into Shropshire, South Lancashire and the Isle of Man (see Thomas Grindley).[191][192] Another possible eponym existing in South Lancashire, is Gryndley Cross (c.1560),[193] later Grindlow alias Greenlow Cross or Marsh,[194] then Grindley Marsh (c.1798) or Grindley-Marsh (c.1801),[195][196][197] and now Greenheys, part of Greater Manchester. The area was previously named Withacre or Whitacre, but this changed around the period the family are thought to have taken lands in the area.[194]
^h Captain Robert Melville Grindlay, E.I.C.S., M.R.A.S., etc. (1786-1877), served in the East India Company's Army and the 7th Bombay Infantry from 1804-1820. He moved to India as a cadet aged 17, reached the rank of captain in 1817, and retired from the military in 1820 at the age of 34, after which he returned to England and established Grindlays Bank. During his time in India, he made numerous sketches and drawings as a self-taught amateur artist, recording the life and landscape of the subcontinent (see Category:Robert Melville Grindlay). Although born in Marylebone, then a village near London, his distinctive middle name pays homage to his Scottish Grindlay ancestry and links between his forebears and the small but powerful noble Melville family of Midlothian and Fife (see Robert Melville, 1st Lord Melville, Earl Melville, Clan Melville, etc.).[16]
^i Similarly to the family name, both settlements have had various related spellings over time. Grinnla, now Greenlaw in the Berwickshire, was formerly spelt Grenlay, Greynley, and Girnelay,[140] and Greenley in Northumberland, was formerly spelt Grenelay, Greenlee, and Greenlawe,[141] with ley or lay and law being documented aliases.[143] Greenley sits between Greenlee Lough and Greenley Cleugh; Cleugh being a word of Scottish origin for "a steep valley or ravine", with Greenley Cleugh literally meaning a green valley clearing, and a possible source of the dual green / valley clearing origins of the Grindlay surname, put forward by Henry Harrison in his Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary (1969).[1]
^j In addition to owning a fleet of trade ships originally based in Grangemouth, Scotland and then later Liverpool, Walter Grindlay was also a sea captain and was shipmaster of the vessel the 'Grindlay' when it transported Scottish immigrant survivors of the destroyed 'India' to Port Phillip in Australia in 1841.[198][199][200]
^k The Grindlay and Simpson families of Edinburgh were closely interrelated, forming a single extended family. Walter Grindlay was cousin of Sir James Young Simpson, 1st Baronet, both sharing Grindlay grandparents, and James's future wife, Janet Grindlay (later Lady Janet Grindlay Simpson) was a first cousin once removed and daughter of Walter Grindlay. Sir Walter Grindlay Simpson, 2nd Baronet was Walter Grindlay's nephew. James was granted his own arms when made a baronet.[156][201]
^l The surname of Grindal has several former spellings, including Grindle, Grindalli, and possibly Grenelawe.[29] The scholar and tutor to Queen Elizabeth I, William Grindal, is a probable relation of Edmund Grindal having also been born in the same coastal village of St. Bees, Cumberland.
^m The "green mound and plant of oak" augmentation of honour awarded to Sir William de Grenlay, William Greneleye or Guillaume Greenlee (c.1372) following the Siege of Harfleur, is retained in the 18th century arms of the Greenlees line of the family, awarded to Dr. Robert Greenlees of Scotland in 1750.[109]
^n The tincture of the charges and ordinaries of the arms of the Nottinghamshire cadet branch, though likely argent, are unknown, and are therefore greyed out in the accompanying illustration.[10]
^o Hoole Old Hall was purchased from John de Hoole, the Lord of Hoole, during the reign of Edward II, by the Abbot of Chester and served as the grange for the abbots of the Abbey of St Werburgh (now Chester Cathedral, following the dissolution of the Abbey in 1540). During the 14th century the Old Hall (and other properties including the original Hoole Hall, destroyed during the English Civil War, as opposed to the current Hoole Hall) came into the possession of the Bunbury baronets, who owned it for the next 400 years, before passing to the Grindlay family.[202]
^p Though Edmund Grindal was born at Cross Hill House in St. Bees, his niece, Mabel Grindal, would take possession of the Manor of St. Bees and 80 acres of land, which became a primary family residence thereafter.[203]
^q No known record of the arms of the Anglo-Saxon knights Hereweald and Æðel Grēneleāh or Gryndeleā (or other Old English equivalents) survives.
^r The arms of Grindall listed in The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales (1884) and dated to the end of the 18th century are most likely those of Vice Admiral Sir Richard Grindall KCB.[204][205] These arms and those of Grindal (Edmund Grindal) and Grindlay are identical bar sub-ordinary differencing (pheons for Grindlay, doves for Grindal, and pea-hens for Grindall; the later two both being crests of the Grindlay family).[109][160][206]
^s The arms of the Greenly line of the family were adopted during the 17th century, and draw their inspiration from those of the Green family (formerly spelt Grene and Greene), in whose various arms, stags and the colour green feature heavily. This was due to an erroneously surmised association with the Green family during that period.[109]
^t The arms of the Gridley line reflect those of the City of Manchester (based on the those of Albert de Gresle, 1st Baron of Manchester, to which the family have possible links) because of their Barony of Stockport, part of Greater Manchester. Arnold Gridley, 1st Baron Gridley grew up in Abbey Dore, Herefordshire.[175][207]

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  119. ^ "British Newspaper Archive". Coventry Herald - Saturday 25 August 1928. 1928. District News: Allesley - A garden fete of the Earlsdon, Greyfriars and Westwood wards of the Coventry Liberal Association was held in the grounds of Trinity House, Allesley, last Saturday afternoon, by permission of Councillor and Mrs A. R. Grindlay.
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  122. ^ Jackson, Colin (2013). Classic British Motorcycles. Fonthill Media.
  123. ^ "Obituary - Dr Robert Walter Guy Grindlay". The British Medical Journal: 1658. 1963. Dr R. W. G. Grindlay, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.A., F.F.A., R.C.S. was a post-war medical pioneer who's advances in anesthetics were to prove "epoch-making". He was husband to Pamela Francis Campbell-Brabazon, daughter of General John St. Clair Campbell-Brabazon (see Campbell baronets, of St Cross Mede).
  124. ^ a b "Supplement to The London Gazette" (PDF). The London Gazette. Henry Hugh Grindley, Esq., O.B.E., Director and General Manager, Central Uruguayan Railway Company, Montevideo, to be a Commander of the Civil Division of the said Most Excellent Order (C.B.E)
  125. ^ "www.stivichall-lodge.org.uk".
  126. ^ United Grand Lodge of England Freemason Membership Registers, 1751-1921. London, England: Library and Museum of Freemasonry; London, England. 20th May 1836 - Grindlay, Robert Melville. East India Agent
  127. ^ "Capt. Robert Melville Grindlay (The Print Gallery)". The Map House (www.themaphouse.com).
  128. ^ Chatterjee, Arup K Chatterjee. "Robert Melville Grindlay: The artist, Indophile and imperialist who founded Grindlays Bank". Scroll In.
  129. ^ Grindlay, Robert Melville (1830). Scenery, Costumes and Architecture, Chiefly on the Western Side of India. Smith, Elder & Company.
  130. ^ "London Metropolitan Archives: City of London". The National Archives. Robert Melville Grindlay esq, and others of Leamington Priors, Warwickshire, appointed as trustees for Harriet Rokeby of Oxenden near Market Harborough, Northamptonshire
  131. ^ "www.historiccoventry.co.uk".
  132. ^ "WO 374 - War Office: Officers' Services, First World War, Major Henry Hugh Grindley. Royal Field Artillery". The National Archives.
  133. ^ "Major accessions to repositories in 2008 relating to Business". National Archives. 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  134. ^ "WH Grindley & Co Ltd, earthenware manufacturers, Tunstall GB/NNAF/C95818". National Register of Archives. Retrieved 18 August 2012.
  135. ^ a b Elven, John Peter (1882). The book of family crests : comprising nearly every family bearing, properly blazoned and explained ... with the surnames of the bearers, alphabetically arranged, a dictionary of mottos, an essay on the origin of arms, crests, etc., and a glossary of terms. Harold B. Lee Library. London : Reeves and Turner.
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  138. ^ Charles, William (2018). "www.clan-home.org". The Clan Home Association. There are numerous families from the Scottish borders who have historic links with the Clan [Home]. These include those by the name of Ayton, Blackadder, Greenlaw, Greenlees, Haliburton, Paxton, Nesbitt, Trotter and Wedderburn and related spellings.
  139. ^ "Blaeu Atlas of Scotland - Map Placenames search - National Library of Scotland". maps.nls.uk. Retrieved 2018-09-25.
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  141. ^ a b Strathmore Estate: Title Deeds: Gibside and Winlaton Estate (part 1, D/St/D/5/1-5); [c.1250]-1909. Durham County Record Office. 1. Greenlaw alias Greenley and other properties, John Maddison of Grenelay, parish of Whickham, yeoman, 1664-1735; 2. in parish of Whickham called Greenlaw, alias Greenley; 3. Raphe Whitfeilde of Greenlawe, yeoman and Margary, his wife, and Thomas, his son, lease for 200 years of tenement at Greneley yate in parish of Whicam.
  142. ^ Parson and White, William (1828). History, Directory, and Gazetteer, of the Counties of Durham and Northumberland. Volume 2. Leeds: W White and Co. (Harvard College Library). p. 581. Greenley, a hamlet in Henshaw township; 5 miles NE. of Haltwhistle...Sir Edward Blackett (see Blackett baronets) is about to erect an elegant mansion on the edge of the extensive and beautiful lake or lough...
  143. ^ a b Dobson, David (2003). The Scottish Surnames of Colonial America. Clearfield Company. ISBN 9780806352091.
  144. ^ Calendar of State Papers Domestic: James I, 1611-18. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1858.
  145. ^ a b Black, George Fraser (1946). The Surnames of Scotland: Their Origin, Meaning, and History. New York Public Library. ISBN 9780871041722.
  146. ^ "Sheriff Court Filiation and Aliment Decrees of Scotland". www.oldscottish.com. Elizabeth Greenlee or Grindlay. Scotland
  147. ^ Index to Register of Deeds Preserve in HM General Registry House. Her Majesty's Stationery Office - Scottish Record Office. 1682. Grindlay (Greenlaw or Grinlay)
  148. ^ "Scotland, Select Births and Baptisms, 1564-1950". www.ancestry.com. Ralf Greenlaw or Grindlay
  149. ^ a b "Geneanet". www.geneanet.org. Lay summary. Alison Greenlaw or Grindlay (b.1798) of Fife, Scotland. Daughter of John Greenlaw or Grindly.
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  152. ^ Goodare, Julian (1989). "Parliamentary Taxation in Scotland, 1560-1603". The Scottish Historical Review. Edinburgh University Press. 68 (185): 23–52. JSTOR 25530389 – via JSTOR.
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  154. ^ "Orchardfield Estate. The property of George Grindlay's Trust". National Library of Scotland (Estate Maps of Scotland, 1730s - 1950s). The portion of the Grindlay family's Orchardfield Estate put into the George Grindlay Trust following his death.
  155. ^ "www.bellrock.org.uk". Bellrock Lighthouse. Mr Thomas Grindlay, master of the Trinity-house of Leith
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  157. ^ "The History of Anaesthesia Society Proceedings: Volume 44" (PDF). 2011. p. 144.
  158. ^ The archbishops: William Warham to Edmund Grindal. The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 12. Canterbury: W Bristow (BHO: British History Online). 1801. pp. 438–462. Archbishop Grindal bore for his arms, granted to him by Dethic, garter king at arms, quarterly, or, and azure, a cross, or, and ermine, in each quarter a dove, or, and azure, counter changed of the field.
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  160. ^ a b Wyat, John (1710). The History of the Life and Acts of Edmund Grindal. London. p. 35.
  161. ^ Parker, John William Robinson (1905). A Calendar of the Lancashire Assize Rolls Preserved in the Public Record. Record Society for the Publication of Original Documents Relating to Lancashire and Cheshire.
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  163. ^ The Battle Abbley Roll. London: William and Sons. 1889. Greile, or Greilly, as Leland spells it, from Gresille, Anjou. "Albert Greslet, Baron of Manchester under Roger de Poitou, occurs in Domesday (270). The name was often written Gredley, Gridley, and Gresley, but was altogether different from that of Gresley" (see Toesni)
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  165. ^ Remains Historical & Literary connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester (PDF). Manchester: The Chetham Society. 1872. p. 131.
  166. ^ Collections for a history of Staffordshire: Staffordshire Record Society. Birmingham, England: Houghton and Hammond. 1894. p. 85.
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  177. ^ Seary, E. R. (1977). Family Names of the Island of Newfoundland. McGill Queen University Press. ISBN 9780773567412.
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  179. ^ Whatton, William Robert (1824). Observations on the Armorial Bearings of the town of Manchester and on the Decent of the Baronial Family of Grelley. Manchester: Robinson and Bent.
  180. ^ Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1909). A Complete Guide to Heraldry. TC & EC Jack.
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  182. ^ Fairbain, James (1911). Fairbain's Crests of the leading families in Great Britain and Ireland and their kindred in other lands. Heraldic Publishing Company. ISBN 9780343430832.
  183. ^ Wagner, Sir Anthony (1991). Dictionary of British Arms - Medieval Ordinary Vol.I (PDF). The Society of Antiquaries of London. p. 379. William de Grenleye
  184. ^ Charles Fox-Davies, Arthur (1909). A Complete Guide to Heraldry. London: T. C. & E. C. Jack. p. 70. Lay summary. With regard to the other metal, silver, or, as it is always termed, "argent," the same variation is found in the usage of silver and white in representing argent that we find in yellow and gold, though we find that the use of the actual metal (silver) in emblazonment does not occur to anything like the same extent as does the use of gold. Probably this is due to the practical difficulty that no one has yet discovered a silver medium which does not lose its colour. The use of aluminium was thought to have solved the difficulty, but even this loses its brilliancy, and probably its usage will never be universally adopted.
  185. ^ "Fife Place-Name Data - Kinninmonth". Glasgow University Website.
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  187. ^ Fretton, William George (1878). The Forest Of Arden. The Old Cross. pp. 97–105.
  188. ^ Bosworth, Joseph (1858). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Lay summary.
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  190. ^ Frowde, Henry (1888). The Historical Register of the University of Oxford: Being a supplement to the Oxford University Calendar, with an alphabetical record of University honours and distinctions completed to the end of Trinity term 1888. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press. Thomas Grenley, Grenely, or Greneley; Fellow of Oriel College; Proctor, Oxford University; and Vice Chancellor, Oxford University
  191. ^ "Shropshire Archives - The Halston Estate". The National Archives. William Grindley of Whittington, Shropshire holder of lands in Babies Wood (now Babbinswood) and Tymawr.
  192. ^ Index to the Captains Registers of Lloyd's of London (PDF). London Metropolitan Archives. 1. Richard Walter Grindlay (1840). 2. Emmanuel Ernest Grindlay (Liverpool 1845).
  193. ^ Ducatus Lancastriae: Calendar to pleadings, depositions in the reigns of Henr. VII., Henr. VIII., Ed. VI., Queen Mary, and Philip and Mary and to the pleadings of the first thirteen years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth · Volume 3. Record Commission. 1827. p. 209.
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  195. ^ Carey, John (1798). Cary's New Itinerary: Or, An Accurate Delineation of the Great Roads, Both Direct and Cross, Throughout England and Wales; with Many of the Principal Roads in Scotland. London: Privately Printed.
  196. ^ Kearsley, George (1801). Kearsley's traveller's entertaining guide through Great Britain; or, A description of the principal cross-roads. London. p. 99.
  197. ^ Harper, Charles George (1907). he Manchester and Glasgow Road: This Way to Gretna Green - Vol. I. London to Manchester (PDF). London: Chapman and Hall Ltd. p. 352.
  198. ^ "They came by the 'Grindlay' as Self-funded and as Bounty Immigrants in 1841". In Victoria before 1848.
  199. ^ "Passengers in History: An initiative of the South Australian Maritime Museum". Passengers in History. 21 January 2016.
  200. ^ Tao, Kim (2017). "Meeting the descendants from a disaster at sea". Australian National Maritime Museum.
  201. ^ Blantyre, Eve (1896). Sir James Young Simpson. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier.
  202. ^ "www.chesterwiki.com/Hoole". Chesterwiki.
  203. ^ Winder, F A (1899). Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society: Further Notes on the Winders of Lorton - Pedigree of Grindal of St Bees, Cumberland. (Archaeological Data Service Archive - ADS Archive) (PDF). 15. Highgate, Kendal: T. Wilson. pp. 229–238.
  204. ^ Arthur Shaw, William (1970). A Complete Record from the Earliest Time to the Present Day of the Knights of All the Orders of Chivalry in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and of Knights Bachelors. Incorporating a Complete List of Knights Bachelors Dubbed in Ireland. Volume 1. Genealogical Publishing Company. pp. 101, 217. ISBN 9780806304434.
  205. ^ "Sir Richard Grindall". Threedecks.org.
  206. ^ "Stone with coat of arms of Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury". Lakesguides.co.uk.
  207. ^ "No. 40381". The London Gazette. 11 January 1955. p. 239.
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