Gual and España conspiracy

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The Gual and España conspiracy (1797)^[1] was a pro-independence movement in Colonial Venezuela, led by José María España and Manuel Gual. The Spanish revolutionary, Juan Bautista Mariano Picornell y Gomila, was involved. It is also believed that Simón Rodríguez, an early teacher of Simón Bolívar, was involved.^[2]

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