HMS Urge

HMS Urge
History
United Kingdom
Name	Urge
Builder	Vickers Armstrong, Barrow-in-Furness
Laid down	30 October 1939
Launched	19 August 1940
Commissioned	12 December 1940
Fate	Sunk by German mine off Malta, 27 April 1942
Badge
General characteristics
Class and type	U-class submarine
Displacement	Surfaced – 540 tons standard, 630 tons full load Submerged – 730 tons
Length	58.22 m (191 ft)
Beam	4.90 m (16 ft 1 in)
Draught	4.62 m (15 ft 2 in)
Propulsion	2 shaft diesel-electric 2 Paxman Ricardo diesel generators + electric motors 615 / 825 hp
Speed	11.25 knots (20.8 km/h) max surfaced 10 knots (19 km/h) max submerged
Complement	32
Armament	4 bow internal 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, 10 torpedoes 1 – gun

HMS Urge was a British U-class submarine, of the second group of that class, built by Vickers Armstrong, Barrow-in-Furness. She was laid down on 30 October 1939, and was commissioned on 12 December 1940. From 1941–1942 she formed part of the 10th Submarine Flotilla based in Malta and is the only Royal Navy ship to have borne the name. Urge spent most of her career operating in the Mediterranean, where she damaged or sank a number of Italian warships and merchant vessels and took part in special operations. She was commanded by Lieutenant-Commander Edward Philip Tomkinson, DSO, RN. She was lost with all hands and a number of passengers on 27 April 1942 after striking a German mine off Malta.^[1]

Urge had an intensive 20-patrol career lasting around a year before her loss. In 1941, Lieutenant-Commander Tomkinson, received the DSO and bar, was mentioned in dispatches, and at his request, received two years' seniority in lieu of a second bar to the DSO; in 1942, he was being awarded a further bar to the DSO for the sinking of the Italian cruiser Giovanni dalle Bande Nere but was lost before it was gazetted.^[2] Vice-Admiral Sir Ian McGeogh, a post-war Flag Officer Submarines who served briefly on Urge in 1941, wrote that Tomkinson "should in my view have been awarded the Victoria Cross - preferably before he was lost."^[3] HMS Urge's crew were awarded a number of Distinguished Service Crosses and Distinguished Service Medals. The first lieutenant was Lieutenant JMS Poole, DSC and Bar, RN. The Chief Petty Officer, CJJ Jackman, was awarded the DSM and Bar and mentioned in despatches three times. At the time of her loss, the commander-in-chief Mediterranean reported to the Admiralty that the "loss of this outstanding submarine and commanding officer is much to be regretted."

Urge was adopted and partially funded by the people of the Welsh town Bridgend, as a result of the national "warship week" in 1941.^[4]

In 1975, a building at HMS Dolphin in Gosport, was named after Lieutenant-Commander Tomkinson, alongside others named after other leading Royal Navy World War II submarine captains.

In late October 2019, it was announced that a maritime archeology project (Project Spur) had discovered the wreck of the submarine off the coast of Malta. The project was led by Timmy Gambin of the Archeology and Classics Department of the University of Malta, Francis Dickinson, a grandson of Lieutenant-Commander Tomkinson, and Platon Alexiades, a naval researcher from Canada. The search was conducted by a team led by Professor Gambin.

Career[]

Prior to deployment to the Mediterranean, Urge sank the Italian tanker Franco Martelli in April 1941, whilst in the Bay of Biscay, on passage from the UK to Gibraltar. Urge also damaged the Italian passenger ship Aquitania and the Italian merchant ship Marigola which had already been grounded after being torpedoed by aircraft on 24 September 1941. Then on 14 December, Urge torpedoed and damaged the Italian battleship Vittorio Veneto during operations around the First Battle of Sirte. In the same attack, the Italian battleship Littorio narrowly avoided being hit by Urge's torpedoes through taking evasive action. One of the crew on Urge at that time was Lieutenant Godfrey Place, who would later become famous as one of the leaders of the Operation Source attack on the German battleship Tirpitz. On 1 April 1942, Urge torpedoed and sank the Italian cruiser Giovanni delle Bande Nere.

Urge was one of the first British submarines to land commandos by canoe (or folding kayak), and a number of successful commando raids were launched from her. These raids targeted enemy infrastructure such as railways and pioneered techniques used in later Special Boat Service work. However, special operations were hazardous, and in October 1941, a member of Urge's crew was lost to enemy fire when attempting to rescue an Allied agent from shore. Urge's torpedoes were sighted and avoided, suffered gyro failures, or otherwise failed to hit the target on a number of occasions including attacks on the Italian merchant vessel Capo Orso, the Italian tankers Superga and Pozarica, the German merchant ship Ingo, the Italian cruiser Bolzano, and the Italian troop transport Victoria. Urge also unsuccessfully attacked an unidentified armed merchant cruiser south of the Strait of Messina, subsequently attacking it with gunfire on the surface, but breaking off the attack due to accurate return fire.^[5] A number of other possible successes remain unclear. In October 1941, a technical failure in a torpedo which Urge fired at a U-boat caused the weapon to miss the enemy and explode dangerously near Urge herself.

On 27 April 1942, Urge set sail from Malta for Alexandria, with 29 crew and 10 passengers. She failed to arrive at Alexandria, on 6 May 1942, and was reported overdue on that day. Until the discovery of her wreck in 2019, her final fate was not completely certain. She had struck a mine, while she was still on the surface, soon after exiting the Grand Harbour. The explosion was so violent that the bow of the submarine became detached and she sunk suddenly, with no survivors. Among those lost, and onboard unofficially, was war correspondent Bernard Gray.^[6]

Discovery of wreck[]

Official sources had long attributed her loss to a mine outside Malta, although there was some speculation that Urge had in fact been sunk by an Italian air attack at Marsa el Hilal, Libya.

On 16 April 2015, Belgian diver Jean-Pierre Misson^[7] claimed to have found the wreck of Urge on sonar recordings taken off the coast of Libya, at .^[8] The wreck lies to the east of German submarine U-205 which foundered at , while being towed by the corvette after her capture on 17 February 1943.^[9] On 26 February 1943, it was visited by British divers led by Cdr. Bartlett.^[10] In 2003, a hydrographic survey of Ras Hilal located only one wreck, that of U-205, in almost the exact position reported in 1943 documents. No other wrecks were located there, despite other assertions made by Misson.

On 30 October 2019, it was announced that the wreck of Urge had been found in 130 m (430 ft) of water two miles (three point two kilometres) off the coast of Malta. The search was conducted by staff from the University of Malta, in an area that had been heavily mined during the war. The wreck has heavy damage to the bow consistent with striking a mine. The rest of the wreck is said to be in "fantastic condition."^[11] The wreck had been discovered a few months earlier, but no announcement was made until the UK Ministry of Defence confirmed that the remains were indeed those of the missing Urge.^[12]

Correspondence from the Ministry of Defence confirms the video footage is probably^[13] Urge, and the site is the officially recognised war grave of those lost aboard the submarine.

In May 2021, it was announced that a dive team led by Professor Timmy Gambin of the University of Malta, who discovered the wreck in 2019, had provided final certainty of the identity of the wreck as that of HMS Urge, with clear images of the letters URGE on the port side of the conning tower.^[14][15]

A memorial for the crew of Urge is being planned.^{[citation needed]}

Notes[]

References[]

• Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
• Hutchinson, Robert (2001). Jane's Submarines: War Beneath the Waves from 1776 to the Present Day. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-710558-8. OCLC 53783010.
• "WWII submarine funded by people of Welsh town is found more than SEVENTY years after it vanished". WalesOnline. 29 April 2015.
• https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2019/october/31/191031-ww2-submarine-urge-found-off-malta