Haarlem Mill

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Haarlem Mill
Haarlem Mill - geograph.org.uk - 2326070.jpg
The mill in 2011
Haarlem Mill is located in Derbyshire
Haarlem Mill
Location in Derbyshire
Cotton
Spinning watermill
LocationWirksworth, Derbyshire, England
ClientRichard Arkwright
Coordinates53°04′08″N 1°34′37″W / 53.069°N 1.577°W / 53.069; -1.577Coordinates: 53°04′08″N 1°34′37″W / 53.069°N 1.577°W / 53.069; -1.577
Construction
Built1777
Completed1780
Employees200 in 1789
Power
Engine makerFrancis Thompson of Ashover
Engine typeSupplementary atmospheric
Cylinder diameter and throw5ft
Flywheel diameter18ft
Water Power
WheelsPrime mover

Haarlem Mill, on the River Ecclesbourne in Wirksworth, Derbyshire, was an early cotton mill. Built by Richard Arkwright, it was the first cotton mill in the world to use a steam engine, though this was used to supplement the supply of water to the mill's water wheel, not to drive the machinery directly.[1]

The site of the mill, including an older corn mill, was leased by Arkwright in 1777. Construction of the mill building in brick and stone was completed by June 1780, and the reported death of a young man attempting to climb on the water wheel suggests that it was operational at this date.[2] After initially investigating the purchase of a steam engine from the Birmingham firm of Boulton and Watt,[3] Arkwright installed a reciprocating steam engine, probably manufactured by of Ashover, to supplement the occasionally inadequate water supply.[2] This was a medium-sized engine with a 26-foot-long (7.9 m) beam, an 18-foot-diameter (5.5 m) flywheel[2] a 30-inch-diameter (760 mm) cylinder and a stroke of 5 feet (1.5 m).[3] Similar to engines commonly used at the time to pump out nearby mines, it operated 24 hours a day, powering two pumps.[3]

By 1789 the mill was employing almost 200 people, but it was sold by Arkwright three years later.[4] The base of the original building survives, but the upper three floors have since been rebuilt.[5] The empty grade II* listed building was listed on Historic England's Heritage at Risk Register but in 2018 was noted that a major phase of repair and conversion work had been completed. [6][7]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Fitton 1989, p. 57; Tann 1979, p. 248
  2. ^ a b c Fitton 1989, p. 57
  3. ^ a b c Tann 1979, p. 248
  4. ^ Fitton 1989, p. 58
  5. ^ Historic England. "Haarlem Mill (1335116)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2010.
  6. ^ "Haarlem Mill, Derby Road, Wirksworth - Derbyshire Dales". Historic England. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  7. ^ Heritage at Risk 2018 - East Midlands (Report). Historic England. p. 6. Retrieved 3 February 2019.

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