Haplogroup R1b-L21

*Haplogroup R-L21*
Haplogroup R-L21
Possible time of origin	4,500 years
Possible place of origin	Central Europe
Ancestor	R1b (R-M343); * R-M269; R-L151; * ; **** R-S461
Descendants	R-A7905; R-A5846; ; R-DF13;
Highest frequencies	Irish; Scottish; Welsh; Bretons

R1b-L21 or R1b-M529 or R1b-S145 (R1b1a2a1a2c) is a Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, characteristic of the inhabitants of Great Britain and Ireland.^[1]

Origin[]

R1b-L21 is likely a haplogroup belonging to the Insular Celts (among others), who migrated to Western Europe during the Bronze Age, populating vast regions of what is now Ireland, Great Britain, Northern Spain and northern France.^{[citation needed]} The marker is also found to a lesser extent in the remainder of France, western Switzerland, the Low Countries, northwestern Germany, Denmark, and the northwestern Iberian peninsula.^{[citation needed]}

Currently this haplogroup is mostly found among the inhabitants of Ireland and Great Britain, but is also found in Brittany, northern France, modern Northern Portugal, Galicia and Asturias in the northwest of Spain,^{[citation needed]} and has some presence in Belgium^{[citation needed]} and the Netherlands. ^[2]

Three Early Bronze Age men (2026–1534 cal BC) from burials on Rathlin Island off the north coast of Ireland were all R1b1a2a1a2c, or R1b-L21. Rathlin2 was further defined as R1b1a2a1a2c1, or R1b-DF13/S521/CTS241. Rathlin1 was further defined as R1b1a2a1a2c1g, or R1b-DF21/S192.^[3]

References[]

^ Y-DNA Haplogroup R and its Subclades - 2018, International Society of Genetic Genealogy
^ Altena, Eveline; Smeding, Risha; van der Gaag, Kristiaan J.; Larmuseau, Maarten H. D.; Decorte, Ronny; Lao, Oscar; Kayser, Manfred; Kraaijenbrink, Thirsa; de Knijff, Peter (2019). "The Dutch Y-chromosomal landscape". European Journal of Human Genetics. 28 (3): 287–299. doi:10.1038/s41431-019-0496-0. ISSN 1018-4813. PMC 7029002. PMID 31488894.
^ Cassidy, Lara M.; Martiniano, Rui; Murphy, Eileen M.; Teasdale, Matthew D.; Mallory, James; Hartwell, Barrie; Bradley, Daniel G. (2016). "Neolithic and Bronze Age migration to Ireland and establishment of the insular Atlantic genome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (2): 368–373. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113..368C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1518445113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4720318. PMID 26712024.

External links[]

R1b-M529

[1] Y-DNA Haplogroup R and its Subclades - 2018, International Society of Genetic Genealogy

[AltenaSmeding2019-2] Altena, Eveline; Smeding, Risha; van der Gaag, Kristiaan J.; Larmuseau, Maarten H. D.; Decorte, Ronny; Lao, Oscar; Kayser, Manfred; Kraaijenbrink, Thirsa; de Knijff, Peter (2019). "The Dutch Y-chromosomal landscape". European Journal of Human Genetics. 28 (3): 287–299. doi:10.1038/s41431-019-0496-0. ISSN 1018-4813. PMC 7029002. PMID 31488894.

[CassidyMartiniano2016-3] Cassidy, Lara M.; Martiniano, Rui; Murphy, Eileen M.; Teasdale, Matthew D.; Mallory, James; Hartwell, Barrie; Bradley, Daniel G. (2016). "Neolithic and Bronze Age migration to Ireland and establishment of the insular Atlantic genome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (2): 368–373. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113..368C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1518445113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4720318. PMID 26712024.

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