Harlaxton Manor

Harlaxton Manor
Location	Harlaxton, Lincolnshire, England
Coordinates	52°52′50″N 0°40′16″W / 52.8806°N 0.671°W / 52.8806; -0.671Coordinates: 52°52′50″N 0°40′16″W / 52.8806°N 0.671°W / 52.8806; -0.671
Built for	Gregory Gregory
Original use	Country house
Architect	Anthony Salvin, William Burn
Architectural style(s)	Jacobethan
Governing body	University of Evansville
National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens
Official name	Harlaxton Manor park and garden
Designated	24 June 1985
Reference no.	1000982
Listed Building – Grade I
Official name	Harlaxton Manor
Designated	19 February 1952
Reference no.	1298440
Listed Building – Grade I
Official name	Forecourt gateway and screen
Designated	19 February 1952
Reference no.	1236557
Listed Building – Grade II*
Official name	Harlaxton Manor bridge
Designated	24 September 1979
Reference no.	1187968
Listed Building – Grade II*
Official name	Harlaxton Manor Gatehouse
Designated	24 September 1979
Reference no.	1236606
Location of Harlaxton Manor in Lincolnshire

Harlaxton Manor is a country house located in Harlaxton, Lincolnshire, England. Its architecture, which combines elements of Jacobean and Elizabethan styles with symmetrical Baroque massing, renders the mansion unique among surviving Jacobethan manors. The property currently serves as the British campus for the University of Evansville and partners with Eastern Illinois University and Western Kentucky University.

Harlaxton Manor is listed Grade I on the National Heritage List for England, as is its forecourt gateway and screen. The surrounding park and gardens are listed Grade II* on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.^[1][2][3]

History[]

Harlaxton Manor in 1880

Harlaxton is first recorded in the Domesday Book as Harleston. The current mansion is the second Harlaxton Manor. The first was built on a different site during the 14th century and was used as a hunting lodge by John of Gaunt. By 1619, Sir Daniel de Ligne purchased the manor.^[4] The original house was deserted after 1780; it was inherited by Gregory Gregory, and was torn down in 1857.

The current house was built by Gregory between 1832 and 1854,^[1] and it helped usher in a renaissance of Elizabethan architecture. The original architect, Anthony Salvin, was replaced by William Burn, who is responsible for its interior detailing. Upon Gregory's death, the manor passed to his cousin George Gregory and then in 1860 to a distant relative, John Sherwin-Gregory. Upon the death of Sherwin's wife in 1892, it passed to his godson Thomas Pearson-Gregory, who allowed it to fall into disrepair.

The manor passed through several sets of disparate hands in the twentieth century. Abandoned by 1935, it was purchased two years later by Violet Van der Elst, a businesswoman and inventor, who made her money from developing the first brushless shaving cream and made her name by campaigning against capital punishment. She restored the house and had it wired for electricity. During the Second World War, it was requisitioned by the Royal Air Force as the officers' mess for RAF Harlaxton and later to house a company of the 1st Airborne Division.

In 1948, Harlaxton was purchased by The Society of Jesus, who used it as a novitiate. Stanford University leased Harlaxton Manor from the Jesuits in 1965, and with only 80 students in its first year, it was the first American university in Great Britain. Students attended classes from Monday to Thursday, often travelling on the weekends, similar to the Harlaxton schedule today. Until 1969, Stanford used the Manor as part of its British study abroad programme, instructing students in British traditions, history, and culture. But the location was a problem. “We were too remote, too far from London, and it was just too expensive to get to London," so the programme relocated to Cliveden, Berkshire, between Oxford and London.^[5][6]

The University of Evansville began using the property in 1971 as its British campus, but it was owned by William Ridgway, a trustee of the university, until 1986. Immediately after the purchase, the University of Evansville began renovating the entire facility.

Present day[]

Harlaxton is currently owned by the University of Evansville, operating as Harlaxton College, and hosts their study-abroad programme. Since 1984, Harlaxton Manor has also been the site of the annual Harlaxton Medieval Symposium, an interdisciplinary symposium on medieval art, literature and architecture.^[7] It also serves as a study abroad university for English majors from Eastern Illinois University, Honors College students from Western Kentucky University, students at the Carol Martin Gatton Academy of Mathematics and Science in Kentucky, students from Baker University in Kansas, and honours programme students from Hannibal-LaGrange University.^[8]

The Gregory family[]

Harlaxton Manor nearing completion of its construction 1853

Gregory Gregory (1786–1854) was born Gregory Williams and only adopted the surname Gregory when he inherited his uncle’s estates. His father was William Gregory Williams (1742–1814), who owned Rempstone Hall in Leicestershire. His mother was Olivia Preston (1758–1835). In 1822, Gregory inherited Harlaxton Manor and other property from his uncle George de Ligne Gregory (1740–1822).^[9] At this stage, Harlaxton Manor was an ancient building in need of repair, so Gregory did not move to the house. Instead, he lived at the nearby Hungerton Hall. It seems that from this time he resolved to build a new manor at Harlaxton and to include within it many treasures which he intended to collect from all parts of the world. He was unmarried and remained a bachelor all his life, so he was not impeded in this desire. In 1831, he commissioned the architect Anthony Salvin to build his mansion, a process which took 20 years.

In his diary of 1838, the Hon. Charles Greville, who visited the house while it was being built, wrote:

"To-day we went to see the house Mr. Gregory is building, five miles from here. He is a gentleman who has a fancy to build a magnificent house in the Elizabethan style, and he is now in the middle of his work, all the shell being finished except one wing. Nothing can be more perfect than it is, both as to the architecture and the ornaments.

Many years ago, when he first conceived this design he began to amass money and lived for no other object. He travelled into all parts of Europe collecting objects of curiosity, useful or ornamental, for his projected palace, and he did not begin to build until he had accumulated money enough to complete his design. The grandeur of it is such, and such the tardiness of its progress, that it is about as much as he will do to live till its completion.

It is the means and not the end to which he looks for gratification. He says that it is his amusement, as hunting or shooting or feasting may be the objects of other people and as the pursuit leads him into all parts of the world, and to mix with every variety of nation and character, besides engendering tastes."^[10]

In 1843 the Illustrated London News published a drawing of the partially completed house, which is shown.^[11] By 1851 Gregory had moved into the new Harlaxton Manor as the Census of this time shows that he is there as the sole resident with fourteen servants. There was a butler, a house keeper, three footmen, seven domestic maids and two grooms. In 1854 Gregory died and the house was inherited by his cousin George Gregory.

Advertisement for the opening of the house to visitors in 1856

George Gregory (1775–1860) was born in 1775 in London. His father was Daniel Gregory (1747–1819) who was a partner in the merchant firm Burton Forbes and Gregory. George did not follow his father’s occupation as a merchant and instead he became the owner of an estate called Sprotlands in Willesborough. In 1825 at the age of 50, he married Elizabeth Price^[12] who was twenty years his junior but the couple appear to have had no children. They moved to Harlaxton Manor after he received his inheritance as the 1855 Post Office Directory of Lincolnshire shows that he is in residence at that time.^[13]

With other owners of large houses in the area, George decided to open the house to visitors. The advertisement for this is shown. The editor of the Grantham Journal attended one of these open days and described the house in detail in two articles.^[14] This description gives a valuable insight into the inclusions of the house at this time. George died in 1860 at the Manor and a distant relative, John Sherwin Gregory, inherited the house.

John Sherwin Gregory circa 1830

Catherine Sherwin Gregory

John Sherwin Gregory (1803–1869) was born John Sherwin Longden. His father was John Longden and his mother was Charlotte Mettam. His father had inherited Bramcote Manor from his uncle who was from the Sherwin family.^[15] He built a new house called Bramcote Hills House. When his father died in 1818, John inherited the Bramcote property and changed his surname to Sherwin thus becoming John Sherwin Sherwin. In 1829 he married Catherine Holden, daughter of Robert Holden^[16] of Nuthall Temple, which was a large house in Nottinghamshire. The couple lived at Bramcote Hills House^[17] until John inherited Harlaxton Manor in 1860. The 1851 Census describes John as a "landed proprietor". When he inherited the property, he changed his surname to Gregory, thus becoming John Sherwin Gregory. Portraits of John and Catherine by the famous painter Thomas Phillips are shown.^[18]

Thomas Sherwin Pearson Gregory circa 1890

Thomas Sherwin Pearson Gregory circa 1920

John died in 1869 and Catherine continued to live at Harlaxton Manor until her death in 1892 at the age of 86. In her obituary it was stated that "to the parishioners of Harlaxton Mrs Sherwin-Gregory was a kind and considerate friend and amongst her tenants she was held in high esteem. The poor always found in her a generous benefactor the deceased lady evincing a special interest in any who were sick."^[19]

When she died in 1892 Thomas Sherwin Pearson who was the second cousin and godson of John Sherwin Gregory inherited the Manor.^[20] Thomas added Gregory to his surname and so became Thomas Sherwin Pearson Gregory (1851–1935).

Thomas was born in 1851 in Barwell, Leicestershire. His father was General Thomas Hooke Pearson and his mother was Francis Elizabeth Ashby Mettam.^[21] Thomas’ grandfather Rev George Metttam was the brother of John Sherwin Gregory's mother Charlotte Mettam (see above) and therefore he was John's second cousin.

Thomas was educated at Rugby and Oxford University and became a first-grade cricketer.^[22] In 1885 he married Mabel Laura Payne, who was the daughter of Sir Salusbury Gillies Payne. Unfortunately, she died in childbirth three years later in 1888. In 1892 Thomas inherited Harlaxton Manor and moved there with his son Philip. When Philip went to Eton, he lived there with a large number of servants including a valet.^[23] He became involved in local affairs and was Chairman of Grantham Rural District Council. His obituary said that "he was keenly interested in angling and shooting and in the latter was considered one of the best shots in England of his time."^[24] A picture of him smoking a pipe with one of his shotguns is shown.

He died in 1935 and his son Philip John Sherwin Pearson-Gregory (1888–1955) inherited the Manor. Philip decided not to live in the house and sold it in 1937 to Violet Van der Elst.

Listed buildings[]

To the north-west of Harlaxton Manor, the bridge 800 metres from the house is listed Grade II*, as is the gatehouse 400 metres away and its attached boundary walls.^[25][26] The kitchen's garden walls and the gardener's house 500 metres to the north-west are listed Grade II* and the stables 70 metres from the house with their adjoining screen wall are listed Grade II.^[27][28] The gateway and screen wall 1,200 metres north-west of the manor are listed Grade II.^[29]

The walls, steps, and gazebos to the south-west of the forecourt are listed Grade I.^[30] The statue at the head of the ornamental garden steps 50 metres south-west of the manor and the twelve stone benches in the garden to the south-west of the forecourt are both listed Grade II.^[31][32] The ornamental garden steps 50 metres south-west of the manor are listed Grade II*.^[33]

To the south of Harlaxton Manor, the garden loggia and the loggia's steps and trough 90 metres to the south of the house are listed Grade II.^[34][35] The gazebo 80 metres south of the manor is listed Grade II*.^[36] The steps to the east and the west of the gazebo 80 metres south of the manor are listed Grade II.^[37][38] The Baroque terrace fountain and statues 25 metres south-east of the manor are listed Grade II*.^[39]

Media appearances[]

The manor is a popular location for filming. Exterior and interior shots have been featured in the films The Ruling Class, The Last Days of Patton, The Lady and the Highwayman, The Haunting and The Young Visiters. More recently, the building was used as a site in the reality television series Australian Princess. In 2017 it appeared in Series 2 of Victoria as the Château d'Eu in Normandy, the country seat of Louis-Philippe I. Exteriors at the manor were also used for the 2020 film version of The Secret Garden.^[40]

References[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harlaxton Manor.

• Official website
• Harlaxton College website
• Archive newsreel of Harlaxton Manor interior and exterior – 1939
• Flickr photos tagged Harlaxton Manor
• Photos of Harlaxton Manor and surrounding area on geograph
• History and Heritage
• Harlaxton Medieval Symposium