Health effects of wood smoke

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wood smoke is a major source of air pollution,[1][2][3][4] especially particulate pollution,[2] polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)[5] and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)[2][better source needed] such as formaldehyde.[6]

Severity in cities[]

In the United Kingdom domestic combustion is the largest single source of PM2.5 annually.[7][8] In some towns and cities in New South Wales, wood smoke may be responsible for 60% of fine particle air pollution in the winter.[9] A year-long sampling campaign in Athens, Greece found a third (31%) of PAH urban air pollution to be caused by wood-burning, as much as that of diesel and oil (33%) and gasoline (29%). It also found that wood-burning is responsible for nearly half (43%) of annual PAH cancer-risk compared to the other sources and that wintertime PAH levels were 7 times higher than in other seasons. The largest exposure events are periods during the winter with reduced atmospheric dispersion, in particular low wind speeds.[5]

Detrimental health effects[]

Wood smoke can cause lung damage,[10][11] artery damage and DNA damage[12] leading to cancer,[13][14] other respiratory and lung disease and cardiovascular disease.[9][15] Air pollution, particulate matter and wood smoke may also cause brain damage[16][17][18][19] and increase the risk of developmental disorders,[20][21][22][23] neurodegenerative disorders[24][25] mental disorders,[26][27][28] and suicide,[26][28] although studies on the link between depression and some air pollutants are not consistent.[29] At least one study has identified "the abundant presence in the human brain of magnetite nanoparticles that match precisely the high-temperature magnetite nanospheres, formed by combustion and/or friction-derived heating, which are prolific in urban, airborne particulate matter (PM)."[30] Air pollution has also been linked to a range of other psychosocial problems.[27]

References[]

  1. ^ EPA, NSW. "reducing-wood-smoke-emissions". NSW Environment Protection Authority.
  2. ^ a b c "Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment". Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment.
  3. ^ "Wood smoke major source of pollution in winter" (PDF). ec.europa.eu. 2007. Retrieved 2021-05-02.
  4. ^ "Air pollution and health" (PDF). healthywa.wa.gov.au. Retrieved 2021-05-02.
  5. ^ a b Tsiodra, Irini; Grivas, Georgios; Tavernaraki, Kalliopi; Bougiatioti, Aikaterini; Apostolaki, Maria; Paraskevopoulou, Despina; Gogou, Alexandra; Parinos, Constantine; Oikonomou, Konstantina; Tsagkaraki, Maria; Zarmpas, Pavlos; Nenes, Athanasios; Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos (7 December 2021). "Annual exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban environments linked to wintertime wood-burning episodes". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 21 (23): 17865–17883. Bibcode:2021ACP....2117865T. doi:10.5194/acp-21-17865-2021. ISSN 1680-7316. S2CID 245103794.
  6. ^ US EPA, OAR (May 28, 2013). "Wood Smoke and Your Health". US EPA.
  7. ^ Hawkes, N. (22 May 2015). "Air pollution in UK: the public health problem that won't go away". BMJ. 350 (may22 1): h2757. doi:10.1136/bmj.h2757. PMID 26001592. S2CID 40717317.
  8. ^ Carrington, Damian (2021-02-16). "Wood burning at home now biggest cause of UK particle pollution". The Guardian. Retrieved 2022-02-13.
  9. ^ a b "Wood burning heaters and your health - Fact sheets". www.health.nsw.gov.au.
  10. ^ "Wood smoke and your health". Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. November 16, 2009.
  11. ^ "Wood stove pollution is a burning issue". www.iatp.org.
  12. ^ Danielsen, Pernille Høgh; Møller, Peter; Jensen, Keld Alstrup; Sharma, Anoop Kumar; Wallin, Håkan; Bossi, Rossana; Autrup, Herman; Mølhave, Lars; Ravanat, Jean-Luc; Briedé, Jacob Jan; de Kok, Theo Martinus; Loft, Steffen (18 February 2011). "Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Inflammation Induced by Ambient Air and Wood Smoke Particulate Matter in Human A549 and THP-1 Cell Lines". Chemical Research in Toxicology. 24 (2): 168–184. doi:10.1021/tx100407m. PMID 21235221.
  13. ^ Navarro, Kathleen M.; Kleinman, Michael T.; Mackay, Chris E.; Reinhardt, Timothy E.; Balmes, John R.; Broyles, George A.; Ottmar, Roger D.; Naher, Luke P.; Domitrovich, Joseph W. (June 2019). "Wildland firefighter smoke exposure and risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality". Environmental Research. 173: 462–468. Bibcode:2019ER....173..462N. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.060. PMID 30981117. S2CID 108987257.
  14. ^ "Don't underestimate the health dangers of wood smoke".
  15. ^ Bede-Ojimadu, Onyinyechi; Orisakwe, Orish Ebere (20 March 2020). "Exposure to Wood Smoke and Associated Health Effects in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review". Annals of Global Health. 86 (1): 32. doi:10.5334/aogh.2725. PMC 7082829. PMID 32211302.
  16. ^ Peeples, Lynne (June 23, 2020). "News Feature: How air pollution threatens brain health". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (25): 13856–13860. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11713856P. doi:10.1073/pnas.2008940117. PMC 7322062. PMID 32493753.
  17. ^ "Air pollution particles in young brains linked to Alzheimer's damage". the Guardian. October 6, 2020.
  18. ^ "Air Pollution May Damage People's Brains". The Scientist Magazine®.
  19. ^ "Stanford study shows wood smoke can harm the brain". ABC7 San Francisco. December 2, 2017.
  20. ^ Flores-Pajot, Marie-Claire; Ofner, Marianna; Do, Minh T.; Lavigne, Eric; Villeneuve, Paul J. (November 2016). "Childhood autism spectrum disorders and exposure to nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter air pollution: A review and meta-analysis". Environmental Research. 151: 763–776. Bibcode:2016ER....151..763F. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.030. PMID 27609410.
  21. ^ Chun, HeeKyoung; Leung, Cheryl; Wen, Shi Wu; McDonald, Judy; Shin, Hwashin H. (January 2020). "Maternal exposure to air pollution and risk of autism in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Environmental Pollution. 256: 113307. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113307. PMID 31733973.
  22. ^ Lam, Juleen; Sutton, Patrice; Kalkbrenner, Amy; Windham, Gayle; Halladay, Alycia; Koustas, Erica; Lawler, Cindy; Davidson, Lisette; Daniels, Natalyn; Newschaffer, Craig; Woodruff, Tracey (21 September 2016). "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multiple Airborne Pollutants and Autism Spectrum Disorder". PLOS ONE. 11 (9): e0161851. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1161851L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161851. PMC 5031428. PMID 27653281.
  23. ^ Weisskopf, Marc G.; Kioumourtzoglou, Marianthi-Anna; Roberts, Andrea L. (December 2015). "Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Causal or Confounded?". Current Environmental Health Reports. 2 (4): 430–439. doi:10.1007/s40572-015-0073-9. PMC 4737505. PMID 26399256.
  24. ^ Fu, Pengfei; Yung, Ken Kin Lam (15 September 2020). "Air Pollution and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 77 (2): 701–714. doi:10.3233/JAD-200483. PMID 32741830. S2CID 220942039.
  25. ^ Tsai, Tsung-Lin; Lin, Yu-Ting; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Nakayama, Shoji F.; Tsai, Chon-Haw; Sun, Xian-Liang; Ma, Chaochen; Jung, Chau-Ren (October 2019). "Fine particulate matter is a potential determinant of Alzheimer's disease: A systemic review and meta-analysis". Environmental Research. 177: 108638. Bibcode:2019ER....177j8638T. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108638. PMID 31421449. S2CID 201057595.
  26. ^ a b Braithwaite, Isobel; Zhang, Shuo; Kirkbride, James B.; Osborn, David P. J.; Hayes, Joseph F. (December 2019). "Air Pollution (Particulate Matter) Exposure and Associations with Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar, Psychosis and Suicide Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Environmental Health Perspectives. 127 (12): 126002. doi:10.1289/EHP4595. PMC 6957283. PMID 31850801.
  27. ^ a b Lu, Jackson G (April 2020). "Air pollution: A systematic review of its psychological, economic, and social effects". Current Opinion in Psychology. 32: 52–65. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.024. PMID 31557706. S2CID 199147061.
  28. ^ a b Liu, Qisijing; Wang, Wanzhou; Gu, Xuelin; Deng, Furong; Wang, Xueqin; Lin, Hualiang; Guo, Xinbiao; Wu, Shaowei (February 2021). "Association between particulate matter air pollution and risk of depression and suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 28 (8): 9029–9049. doi:10.1007/s11356-021-12357-3. PMID 33481201. S2CID 231677095.
  29. ^ Fan, Shu-Jun; Heinrich, Joachim; Bloom, Michael S.; Zhao, Tian-Yu; Shi, Tong-Xing; Feng, Wen-Ru; Sun, Yi; Shen, Ji-Chuan; Yang, Zhi-Cong; Yang, Bo-Yi; Dong, Guang-Hui (January 2020). "Ambient air pollution and depression: A systematic review with meta-analysis up to 2019". Science of the Total Environment. 701: 134721. Bibcode:2020ScTEn.701m4721F. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134721. PMID 31715478. S2CID 207944384.
  30. ^ Maher, Barbara A.; Ahmed, Imad A. M.; Karloukovski, Vassil; MacLaren, Donald A.; Foulds, Penelope G.; Allsop, David; Mann, David M. A.; Torres-Jardón, Ricardo; Calderon-Garciduenas, Lilian (27 September 2016). "Magnetite pollution nanoparticles in the human brain". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (39): 10797–10801. Bibcode:2016PNAS..11310797M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1605941113. PMC 5047173. PMID 27601646.
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