Health in Burundi
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Burundi is one of the poor African countries with heavy burden of tropical, non-communicable and communicable diseases. The prevalence of communicable diseases is higher than others. Mothers and children are the most vulnerable groups.
They made progress in MDGs 4,5 and 6(4: reduce child mortality, 5: improve maternal health, 6: combat HIV/AIDS malaria and other diseases)[1]
Civilians in Burundi have lived through years of conflict, because of civil war they have faced economic crisis and government do not the capacity to invest too much on health system, so the health infrastructure is poor. [2]
The link between health and poverty is undeniable. Many of Burundians do not have access to primary health care. Implementation of cost recovery services by the government started from here, the goal of this program is mobilizing extra resources for health care.[2]
WHO, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, and UNICEF also provided aid for nutrition and maternal and child health programs. Following the assassination of the president of Burundi in 1993, widespread violence involving tribal groups uprooted many of Burundi’s people. Approximately 683,000 people fled to neighboring countries, rural villages, or towns where sanitation is poor.
Health infrastructure[]
In 2004, there were an estimated 5 doctors, 28 nurses and 1 pharmacist per 100,000 people. Total health care expenditures were estimated at 3.7% of GDP. Burundi had the lowest consumption of antibiotics of any country in the world in 2015 with a rate of 4.4 defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day.[3]
Health status[]
Life expectancy[]
Life expectancy is about social, economic, and institutional challenges that a country will be facing.[5]
The average life expectancy in 2019 was estimated at 62 years, up from 42 years in 2000.[6]
Some facts about life expectancy in Burundi[5]
| 1 | Low life expectancy | About 62 years |
| 2 | Food insecurity | Lack of proper nutrition |
| 3 | Long term effects of malnutrition on children | Underweight children |
| 4 | Low sources | The population expected to double in 2050 |
| 5 | Low reproductive health services | Lack of contraceptives, no family planning program |
| 6 | Poverty | Vast majority of people live on less than 3.10$ per day |
| 7 | HIV/AIDS | 84000 of people were living with this disease in 2016, most of them are sex workers and men who have sex with men, increased condom uses and antiretroviral therapy |
| 8 | Other infectious diseases | Malaria, typhoid fever, hepatitis A, measles |
| 9 | Environmental issues | Floods, droughts, landslides |
| 10 | Life expectancy is increasing | However, it is increasing, this is lower than other countries like USA |
Diseases[]
Outbreaks of Group A meningitis are occurring in Burundi. There have been over 2,500 cases of meningitis. Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), borne by the tsetse fly, is a problem in the Ruvuvu River Valley. Malaria and schistosomiasis (bilharziasis) are common along the Ruzizi River.
The HIV/AIDS prevalence was 6.00 per 100 adults in 2003. As of 2004, there were approximately 250,000 people living with HIV/AIDS in Burundi. There were an estimated 25,000 deaths from AIDS in 2003.
Jeanne Gapiya-Niyonzima s the chair and founder of the National Association for Support for HIV-Positive People with AIDS (ANSS) and was the first person from the country to publicly admit they had HIV.[7]
Malnutrition[]
Intake of animal protein and fat is inadequate and almost all diseases associated with malnutrition are found in Burundi.
child mortality(under 5 years)[]
Both sexes , all ages , 2019 ,DALYs [8]
| Maternal & neonatal | 1 |
| Respiratory infections & TB | 2 |
| Interic infections | 3 |
| NTDs &Malaria | 4 |
| Other non communicable | 5 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 6 |
| Nutritional deficiencies | 7 |
| Self harm &violence | 8 |
| Neoplasms | 9 |
| Other infectious | 10 |
| Unintentional inj | 11 |
| Mental disorders | 12 |
| Digestive diseases | 13 |
| HIV/AIDS &STIs | 14 |
| Transport injuries | 15 |
| Chronic respiratory | 16 |
| Diabetes &CKD | 17 |
| Neurogical diseases | 18 |
| Musculeskeletal disorders | 19 |
| Skin diseases | 20 |
| Sense organ diseases | 21 |
| Substance use | 23 |
The under 5 mortality rate in Burundi is 1.6 times higher than that WHO has estimated for African region. As this list illustrates maternal and neonatal disorders are the first causes of DALYs but the deaths rate of that decreased from 100 deaths per 1000 live birth by the year 1996 to 80 deaths in 2016.[9]
These deaths have various causes but they have not been measured directly about each age group and gender ,while a research has shown that there are 3 main reasons for under 5 years children hospitalization. About 93% of all 1 to 59 months children who hospitalized were because of Malaria, lung disease and acute diarrhea. The malaria ratio was about 63%, this is why malaria is the main cause of death and hospitalization among under five children in Burundi.[9]
Various causes are playing role in reducing under five years children mortality rate. The Government implemented pilot program to increase deliveries in hospitals and reclaim the quality of antenatal care. Experienced nurses and skilled birth attendants can prevent maternal and neonatal deaths. Between the years 2004 and 2008 the proportion of children who delivered in health facilities by qualified staffs increased from 76% to 94%.[9]
There are 3 regional hospitals, 15 provincial hospitals, 33 district hospitals, and 509 health centers in Burundi.[10][11] Notable hospitals include:
- Bumerec Hospital[12]
- Bururi Hospital in Bururi Province[13]
- Clinic Prince Louis Rwagasore[12]
- Gitega Hospital (Gitega province, central Burundi)[13]
- Karuzi Hospital[13]
- KIRA Hospital[12]
- Matana Hospitals in Bururi Province[13]
- MuramvyaHospital (Muramvya province, central Burundi)[13]
- Muyinga Hospital[13]
- Ngozi Hospital (Ngozi Province, northern Burundi)[13]
- Polyclinic Central[12]
- Prince Louis Rwagasore Clinic in Bujumbura[13]
- Prince Regent Charles Hospital in Bujumbura, established in 1949[13]
- Roi Khaled Hospital (the Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Kamenge) in Bujumbura[13][12]
- Rumonge in Bururi Province[13]
See also[]
References[]
- ^ "Health in Burundi" (PDF). World health organization.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Burundi: a population deprived of basic health care". NCBI.
- ^ "UK antibiotic consumption twice that of the Netherlands, WHO report finds". Pharmaceutical Journal. 14 November 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
- ^ world bank, data. "Life expectancy in Burundi".
- ^ Jump up to: a b Global Health 101. Richard Skolnik.
- ^ "Life expectancy in Burundi". worldbank data.
- ^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche, "Avant d'être infectés, nous sommes des hommes, nous sommes des femmes." | DW | 02.12.2019 (in French), retrieved 2020-02-05
- ^ "cause of DALYs in Burundi". GBD compare.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Imelda K, Moise. "Causes of Morbidity and Mortality among Neonates and Children in Post-Conflict Burundi: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study".
- ^ "Burundi Health Indicators" (PDF). World Health Organization. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
- ^ Elahi, Ebby, ed. (2021). Insights in Global Health, A Compendium of Healthcare Facilities and Nonprofit Organizations. Baca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 9780367693466.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "List of Medical Facilities/practitioners in Burundi". UK Government. August 6, 2018. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "Detention of Prisoners in Burundian Hospitals". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
External links[]
- Health in Burundi